Tovomita umbellata Bentham (1843: 367)

Cabral, Fernanda Nunes, Bittrich, Volker & Hopkins, Michael John Gilbert, 2017, Clusiaceae s. l. (Calophyllaceae, Clusiaceae s. s. and Hypericaceae) in the Viruá National Park, Roraima, Brazil, Phytotaxa 329 (1), pp. 1-27 : 18

7.2 Tovomita umbellata Bentham (1843: 367) ( Fig. 6C–D )

Type:— GUYANA. s.d., fl., Schomburgk 991 (syntypes: G, barcode 00355790, K barcode 000488538, NY, barcode 00579000, S, barcode 03-2040, US, barcode 00114305).

= Tovomita cephalostigma Vesque (1892: 207) .

= Tovomita nigrescens Planchon & Triana (1860: 276) .

Trees up to 11 m. Exudate yellow to orangish. Lamina subcoriaceous, elliptical, 5.3–16.4 × (1.8–)2.1–7.5(–9.7) cm, apex mucronate, acute to obtuse, base acute to obtuse; exudate channels conspicuous on the abaxial surface; secondary veins prominent, conspicuous on both surfaces, 12–16 pairs, distant 4.2–11.4 mm; petiole 7.2–20.5 mm long. Inflorescence pleiochasial, flowers pedicellate, cream, fragrant. Floral buds ovate, apex acute. Sepals (2–)4, 3.6–4.9 × 3.0– 4.2 mm, green. Petals 4(–5), 3.8–5.1 × 3.0– 4.7 mm, cream. Staminate flowers with stamens 33–51, 5–8 mm long, cylindrical, with different length. Pistillate flowers not seen. Fruit 2.8–3 × 1.3–1.5 m, pyriform to oblong, stigma persistent. Seeds not seen.

Phenology:—Flowering May to October; fruiting April to July.

Distribution and habitat:— Brazil, Guyana, Peru and Venezuela. In Brazil, it occurs in the north region (states of Amapá, Amazonas, Pará and Roraima), in the northeast region (state of Maranhão), and in the central-west region (state of Mato Grosso). Our collection is a new record for the state of Roraima. In VNP, it grows in terra-firme forest.

Specimens examined:— BRAZIL. Roraima: Caracaraí, Viruá National Park , elevation 88 m, 1º29’22’’N, 61º00’31’’W, 28 November 2009, fl., Cabral et al. 45 ( INPA) ; Ibid. , 30 May 2010, fl., Cabral et al. 250 ( INPA) ; Ibid. , 25 July 2010, fr., Cabral et al. 260 ( INPA) ; Ibid. , 11 September 2010, fl., Cabral et al. 262- A ( INPA) ; Ibid. , 20 October 2010, fl., Cabral et al. 311 ( INPA) ; Ibid. , 24 October 2010, fl., Cabral et al. 314 ( INPA) .

Additional specimens:— BRAZIL. Amazonas : Manaus , Reserva Florestal Ducke, Estrada Manaus-Itacoatiara, km 26, 02º53’S, 59º58’W, 10 October 1995, fl., Ribeiro et al. 1731 ( INPA) ; Ibid., 02º53’S, 59º58’W, 21 April 1997, fr., Souza et al. 358 ( INPA) .

Taxonomic notes:—See taxonomic notes under Tovomita spruceana for taxonomic differences between the two species.

Figures

FIGURE 6. Tovomita spruceana (A. Habit; B. Mature fruit), Tovomita umbellata (C. Habit; D. Flower) and Vismia cayennensis (E. Habit; F. Flower; G. Fruit).