Sarcophaga (Heteronychia)

Whitmore, Daniel, 2009, A review of the Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) of Sardinia *, Zootaxa 2318, pp. 566-588 : 571-573

Key to Sardinian and Corsican species of Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) (species in square brackets are not recorded from Sardinia):

1. Males ............................................................................................................................................................................ 2

- Females ....................................................................................................................................................................... 12

2. Mid femur with a subapical posteroventral comb of thick, short, tightly-spaced setae; abdominal tergite 3 without mediomarginal setae ..................................................................................................................................................... 3

- Mid femur without such a posteroventral comb, at most with a few slightly thicker setae apically; abdominal tergite 3 with or without mediomarginal setae......................................................................................................................... 6

3. Cercus distinctly saddle-shaped in profile ( Figs 18, 19) ............................................................................................. 4

- Cercus of a different shape .......................................................................................................................................... 5

4. Wing-vein R 1 setose dorsally; juxta extremely long, in the shape of a shepherd’s staff in lateral view, forming an angle with main axis of distiphallus ......................................................................................... thirionae ( Lehrer, 1976)

- Wing-vein R 1 bare dorsally; juxta short, more or less in line with main axis of distiphallus ........................................ ............................................................................................................................................... uncicurva Pandellé, 1896

5. Cercus with a dorsal excavation and straight in profile; juxta with ear-like membranous expansions at base; vesica not visible in profile ................................................................................................................... minima Rondani, 1862

- Cercus without a dorsal excavation and m-shaped in profile; juxta without membranous expansions at base; vesica partly visible in profile, spine-like .................................................................................. pandellei ( Rohdendorf, 1937)

6. Wing-vein R 1 setose dorsally; epandrium red; abdominal tergite 3 usually with a pair of mediomarginal setae (sometimes short, appressed) ................................................................................................................................................. 7

- Wing-vein R 1 bare dorsally; epandrium red or black; abdominal tergite 3 with or without a pair of mediomarginal setae .............................................................................................................................................................................. 9

7. Vertex in dorsal view about 0.70–0.90 x the width of an eye; parafacial at its narrowest point 0.32–0.62 x as wide as eye width in strict lateral view; gena in profile 0.40–0.65 x height of eye; cercus with a deep dorsal excavation; vesica markedly elongated, clearly visible in profile ....................................................................... ferox Villeneuve, 1908

- Vertex in dorsal view about 0.35–0.50 x the width of an eye; parafacial at its narrowest point 0.13–0.26 x as wide as eye width in strict lateral view; gena in profile 0.30–0.40 x height of eye; cercus without a dorsal excavation; vesica small, not visible in profile; juxta with basal spoon-like appendages .......................................................................... 8

8. Phallus with a very long median part of juxta, reaching far beyond tip of juxtal appendages; cercus, in lateral view, abruptly narrowing in distal third and with a long, parallel-sided tip............................... [ haemorrhoa Meigen, 1826 ]

- Median part of juxta not elongate, shorter than juxtal appendages or about level with the latter; cercus, in lateral view, gradually narrowing towards tip .............................................................................. bulgarica ( Enderlein, 1936)

9. Mid tibia without an anteroventral seta (if present, then protandrial segment without marginal setae); abdominal tergite 3 without mediomarginal setae; epandrium red ...................................................................... gabrielei sp. nov.

- One or two anteroventral setae present on mid tibia; abdominal tergite 3 with or without a pair of strong mediomarginal setae; epandrium red or dark brown .................................................................................................................... 9

10. Epandrium dark brown, rarely with a slight reddish tinge; abdominal tergite 3 with a pair of strong mediomarginal setae ................................................................................................................................................. filia Rondani, 1860

- Epandrium bright red; abdominal tergite 3 usually without mediomarginal setae ..................................................... 11

11. Pregonite with a pointed tip, hook-shaped; base of distiphallus distinctly elongate; protandrial segment shiny black with just a very narrow line of grey microtrichosity posteriorly ............................................. [ vicina Macquart, 1835 ]

- Pregonite widening apically, with a rounded tip; base of distiphallus not particularly elongate; protandrial segment partly reddish, with a large spot of grey microtrichosity ...............................................[ consanguinea Rondani, 1860 ]

12. Wing-vein R 1 setose dorsally ..................................................................................................................................... 13

- Wing-vein R 1 bare dorsally ........................................................................................................................................ 15

13. Abdominal tergite 6 divided into two hemitergites, red; midfemoral organ present ................. ferox Villeneuve, 1908

- Abdominal tergite 6 undivided, either red or black; midfemoral organ present or absent ........................................ 14

14. Midfemoral organ absent; abdominal tergite 3 with a pair of strong, upright mediomarginal setae; abdominal tergite 6 almost entirely red ....................................................... bulgarica ( Enderlein, 1936) or [ haemorrhoa Meigen, 1826 ]

- Midfemoral organ present; abdominal tergite 3 without mediomarginal setae (at most with a pair of short appressed setae); abdominal tergite 6 dark brown or black ...................................................................... thirionae ( Lehrer, 1976)

15. Abdominal tergite 6 divided into two hemitergites, red ............................................................................................ 16

- Abdominal tergite 6 undivided, either entirely red, mostly black with a slight reddish tinge, or entirely black ....... 18

16. Mid femur with a conspicuous, often red, midfemoral organ near apex ........................ pandellei ( Rohdendorf, 1937)

- Mid femur without a midfemoral organ .................................................................................................................... 17

17. Ventral margin of abdominal tergite 5 entirely black; vaginal plate [dissection necessary] semicircular ..................... .......................................................................................................................................[ consanguinea Rondani, 1860 ]

- Ventral margin of abdominal tergite 5 at least partly red ( Fig. 11); vaginal plate subtriangular ( Fig. 15) .................... ............................................................................................................................................................ gabrielei sp. nov.

18. Abdominal tergite 3 with a pair of strong, upright mediomarginal setae; midfemoral organ absent ........................ 19

- Abdominal tergite 3 without mediomarginal setae, at most with a pair of very short, appressed setae; midfemoral organ distinct near apex or absent .............................................................................................................................. 20

19. Abdominal tergite 6 black, at most slightly brownish-red .............................................................. filia Rondani, 1860

- Abdominal tergite 6 mostly red, darker ventrally ................................................................... [ vicina Macquart, 1835 ]

20. Abdominal tergite 6 black, sometimes with a slight red tinge .................................................. minima Rondani, 1862

- Abdominal tergite 6 mostly or entirely red, sometimes slightly darker on ventral sides ........................................... 21

21. Abdominal tergite 6 strongly narrowing towards middle; microtrichosity of abdomen thick light grey, with black markings reduced to a median line and small lateral spots on tergites 3–5 in posterior view ( Fig. 20) ......................... ............................................................................................................................................... uncicurva Pandellé, 1896

- Abdominal tergite 6 not strongly narrowing in middle; microtrichosity of abdomen less thick, black markings remaining conspicuous also in posterior view ( Fig. 21) .......................................................... [ vicina Macquart, 1835 ]