Xylocopa (N.) nigrocincta Smith, 1854

Lucia, Mariano, Alvarez, Leopoldo J. & Abrahamovich, Alberto H., 2014, Large carpenter bees in Argentina: systematics and notes on the biology of Xylocopa subgenus Neoxylocopa (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Zootaxa 3754 (3), pp. 201-238 : 222-225

Xylocopa (N.) nigrocincta Smith, 1854

( Figures 6 , 12 , 20 , 26 , 32 , 38 , 44 , 50, 56 , 61 )

Xylocopa nigro-cincta Smith, 1854: 354. Holotype: ♀, whereabouts unknown, not in BMNH. Type locality: South America.

Xylocopa schulthesii Dusmet & Alonso, 1924: 52 ; synonymized by Hurd & Moure, 1963. Holotype: ♀, deposited at MNCN. Type locality: Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul (examined)

Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) nigrocincta, Hurd & Moure, 1963: 151 .

Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) jujuyensis Brèthes, 1916 . Holotype: ♀, deposited at MACN. Type locality: Jujuy, Argentina. (examined). (New synonymy)

Diagnosis. The female of this species can be distinguished from other Argentinian large carpenter bees by the following combination of characters: T1–4 with reddish bands, scutellum angled as seen in profile and T2–T3 with short hairs. The male can be easily recognized by T2–T3 with median pubescence short and pubescence of ventral surface of posterior tibia restricted to basal and median part. The female of this species resembles that of X. frontalis in the reddish bands on the metasomal terga; however, differs in the absence of the carina below lateral ocelli.

Female. Approximate body length 28 (25–30.7); head length 5.6 (5.3–6); head width 6.9 (6.4–7.4); mesosoma width 9 (8.2–9.6); metasoma width 9.9 (9.4–10.4); forewing length 22 (20.7–23.7); forewing width 6.2 (5.8–6.6). Coloration. Integument predominantly black, except T1–5 and S2–4 with ferruginous bands. Tegula black. Wing dark brown with violet iridescent. Pubescence. Black, head with abundant hairs, scattered on vertex and inner part of gena ( Fig. 6 ). Mesosoma with abundant plumose hairs, except hairless on disc, posterior area of scutum and anterior area on scutellum. Metasomal with long hairs laterally; T1 with intermixed plumose and simple hairs; T2– T4 with median pubescence short, 0.2–0.5 times MOD; T5 with median pubescence longer (3 times longer than in T2); T6 with long hairs (5 times longer than in T2) ( Fig. 12 ). Sculpturing. Head regularly and densely punctate, vertex and inner part of genae with sparsely punctate; median longitudinal area of vertex and clypeus smooth, weakly defined. Scutum densely punctate, except impunctate on disc and posteriorly. T1 regularly and densely punctate, remaining terga with punctate dense on lateral side and dispersed on center. Structure. Head broader than long (proportion 1.2–1.3:1); inner orbits weakly incurved, proportion of upper to lower interocular distance 0.9– 1:1; middle interocular distance 4.2–5.1 mm. Vertex broad, distance ocelloccipital (to median ocellus) 4.1–4.8 times ocellar diameter (median ocellus); orbitoccipital distance longer 1.1–1.5 mm. Lateral ocelli below supraocular line, approximately MOD. Proportions of interocellar to ocelocular distance 0.8–0.9:1, interocellar to ocelloccipital 0.6–0.7:1, ocellocular to alveolocellar 0.9–1.1:1, orbitoccipital to ocellocular 1.1–1.2:1, alveolocular to interalveolar 1.1–1.3:1. Proportion of clypeocellar distance to distance between median ocellus and posterior margin of head (0.9–1:1). Frontal carina moderately elevated, longer 1–1.2 mm, apex reaching middle portion between upper and lower level of antennal sockets. Clypeus broader than long (proportion 2.1–2.2:1). Proportion of length of scape, pedicel and first four flagellomeres 2.9–3.3:0.3–0.4:1:0.3–0.4:0.4–0.50:0.4–0.50. Labrum broader than long with three basal protuberances of similarly development. Scutellum angled as seen in profile.

Apex of basitibial plate beyond middle length of tibia, asymmetrically bifid, posterior apical lobe rounded and shorter than anterior lobe.

Male. Description. As in the female, except as follows: Approximate body length 25.5 (24.7–28.5); head length 4.3 (4–4.7); head width 5.5 (5.2–5.8); mesosoma width 9.1 (8.8–9.4); metasoma width 10 (9.6–10.4); forewing length 20.9 (19.7–21.7); forewing width 5.4 (5.2–5.8). Coloration. Integument predominantly brown yellowish, except dark brown as follows: latero-basal side of clypeus, subantennal sulcus, middle and apical portion of mandible, basal median longitudinal area on clypeus; coxa, trochanter, anterior and middle tibia basally and posterior femur, propodeum, and apical bands on T2–5. Tegula yellowish anteriorly, otherwise translucent brown. Wings light yellow with golden iridescent. Pubescence. Yellowish (varying from ferruginous to yellows); T6–7 with ferruginous pubescence ( Fig. 26 ). Head with long hairs, scattered on clypeus ( Fig. 20 ). Pubescence of ventral surface of posterior tibia restricted to basal and median part ( Fig. 32 ). T1 with plumose hairs; T2–T3 with median pubescence short, hairs 0.4–0.7 times MOD; T4–7 with median pubescence long (2 times longer than in T2–3). Sculpturing. Metasomal terga homogeneously and densely punctate. Structure. Head broader than long (proportion 1.2–1.4:1); proportion of upper to lower interocular distance 0.9–1:1; upper interocular distance 6–7.3 times MOD; middle interocular distance 3.1–3.5 mm. Distance ocelloccipital (to median ocellus) 2.2–3 times MOD, orbitoccipital distance longer 0.8–1 mm. Proportions of interocellar to ocelocular distance 1.1–1.3:1, interocellar to ocelloccipital 0.9–1.1:1; ocellocular to alveolocellar 0.7–0.9:1; orbitoccipital to ocellocular 1.3– 1.7:1; alveolocular to interalveolar 0.9–1.2:1. Proportion of clypeocellar distance to distance between median ocellus and posterior margin of head (1.1–1.2:1). Frontal carina short 0.8–1 mm, apex reaching the lower level of the antennal sockets. Clypeus broader than long (proportion 1.5–1.7:1). Proportion of length of scape, pedicel and first four flagellomeres 2.6–3.1:0.3–0.40:1:0.3–0.5:0.4–0.5:0.4–0.5. Labrum broader than long with median basal triangular process well defined. Genitalia as in figures 38, 44, 50 and 56.

Comments. In some females the ferruginous bands on T1–4 vary from light to dark coloration, mainly in specimens from northern provinces (Jujuy, Salta, Tucumán and Formosa).

Distribution ( Fig. 61 ): ARGENTINA: Chaco, Corrientes, Entre Ríos, Formosa, Misiones, Jujuy, Santa Fe, Salta and Tucumán. Its distribution comprises part of Paranaense, Chaqueña, Pampeana and Yungas biogeographic provinces and the southernmost record of this species is the locality of Villa Elisa in the Entre Ríos province, approximately parallel 32°. Moure (2008) recorded this species from Brazil and Paraguay.

Additional examined material. A total of 277 specimens (259♀ and 18♂) from ARGENTINA. CHACO. 3♀, San Bernardo, Di Iorio ( MLP); 1♀, Charata, 3-22-I-1982, M.Amela ( MACN); 2♀, Colonia Bransen, 17-I-1951, B.Torres-A.Argemi ( MLP); 1♀ 1♂, Resistencia, 7-XI-1952, Whack ( MLP); 2♀, Roque Sáenz Peña, -1932, Onhneiser ( MACN); 1♀, Parque Nacional Chaco, 25-II-2004, Compagnucci ( MACN); 1♀, Sáenz Peña, 2-XI- 1938, Fortuny Morey ( MACN). CORRIENTES. 3♀, Yapeyú, 25-III-2010, M.Lucia-L.Álvarez ( MLP); 1♀, Ituzaingó, - XI-1985, Fritz ( MLP); 1♀, Ituzaingó, - XI-1978, Fritz ( MLP); 3♀, Ituzaingó, - XI-1981, Fritz ( MLP); 2♀, Ituzaingó, - I-1985, Fritz ( MLP); 1♀, Ituzaingó, - III-1984, Fritz ( MLP); 1♀, Ituzaingó, - X-1978, Fritz ( MLP); 1♀, Colonia Carlos Pellegrini, 14-XI-2008, J. Pisonero ( MLP); 4♀, P.N.Mburucuya, 8-I-2008, S.Plischuk ( MLP); 2♀, Manantiales, 1-10-III-1959, M.Birabén ( MLP); 1♂, Corrientes, - X-1933, Hayward ( FML); 1♂, Ituzaingó, -12- 1976, Fritz ( MLP); 1♀, Laguna Ibera, 2-5-XI-2005, J. Farina (MMP); 1♀, Corrientes, 22-III-1911, Aniceto Soto ( MACN); 1♀, Santo Tomé, - I-1928, ( MACN); 1♀, Santo Tomé, - I-1924, ( MACN). ENTRE RÍOS. 2♀, Villa Elisa, 11-II-1974, L.Gontero ( IFML). FORMOSA. 1♀, Gran Guardia, J. Foerster, ( MLP); 1♀, Clorinda, - IX-1947, I.Morel ( IFML); 1♀, San Francisco de Laishi (Reserva el Bagual), 19-XIII-2001, J.P.Torretta ( FAUBA); 2♀, San Francisco de Laishi (Reserva el Bagual), 21-XIII-2001, J.P.Torretta ( FAUBA); 2♀, San Francisco de Laishi (Reserva el Bagual), 2-X-2002, J.P.Torretta ( FAUBA). JUJUY. 1♀, Yuto, 10-IV-1911, P. Jörgensen ( MLP). MISIONES. 6♀, L.N.Alem, 19-22-XI-2007, (55º19'15,7"W 27º36'15,8"S, 263 m. a.s.l), M. Lucia-L.Álvarez ( MLP); 1♀, San Pedro, 19-22-XI-2007, (54º6'13,1"W 26º37'52"S, 545 m. a.s.l), M.Lucia-L.Álvarez ( MLP); 1♀, Piñalito, 15-17-XI-2007, (53º50'18"W, 26º25'19"S, 713 m. a.s.l), M.Lucia-L.Álvarez ( MLP); 9♀, El Soberbio, 19-22-XI-2007, (54º11'34"O, 27º16' 39,5"S, 139 m. a.s.l), M.Lucia-L.Álvarez ( MLP); 4♀, Bompland, 21-X-2008, (55º28'54,9"W, 27º29'01,1"S, 176 m. a.s.l), M.Lucia-L.Álvarez ( MLP); 4♀ 2♂, San Ignacio, 20-X-2008, (55º28'54,9"W, 27º29'01,1"S, 176 m. a.s.l), M.Lucia-L.Álvarez ( MLP); 2♀, Loreto, 23-X-2008, (55º31'56,4"W, 27º20'16"S, 162 m. a.s.l), M.Lucia- L.Álvarez ( MLP); 8♀, Puerto Iguazú, 30-I-13-III-1945, Hayward-Willink-Golbach ( FML); 1♀, Ruta El Dorado- Irigoyen, 14-XI-1973, Willink-Tomsic ( FML); 10♀ 2♂, Loreto, A.A. Ogloblin ( MLP); 2♀, Puerto Esperanza, - X- 1978, Fritz ( MLP); 1♀, Misiones, 1-XII-1910, Jörgensen ( MLP); 1♀, Misiones, 15-III-1909, ( MLP); 1♀, Misiones, 4-I-1910, ( MLP); 1♀, Misiones, 10-I-1910, ( MLP); 1♀, Misiones, 27-III-1909, ( MLP); 5♀, Puerto Iguazú, 1-IV-1985, A.H.Abrahamovich ( MLP); 1♀, Misiones, 4-II-1910, ( MLP); 1♀, Misiones, 3-I-1910, Jörgensen ( MLP); 1♀, Misiones, 1-II-1911, ( MLP); 1♀, Misiones, I-1910, Jörgensen ( MLP); 1♀, Misiones, Jörgensen ( MLP); 1♀, Misiones, 28-II-1910, Jörgensen ( MLP); 1♀, Loreto, - V-1946, J.T ( MLP); 1♀, Loreto, - II- 1946, J.Tarahann ( MLP); 11♀, San Juan, 24-IX-1924, M. Gómez ( MACN); 1♀, Misiones, 2-I-1911, Ogloblin ( MLP); 1♀, Misiones, 1-I-1911, ( MLP); 1♂, Misiones, 6-IX-1910, Jörgensen ( MLP); 3♀ 7♂, San Javier, 24-IX- 1924, M.Gómez ( MACN); 2♀, San Javier, - IV-1945, VonBulowl ( MLP); 9♀, Puerto Bemberg, 12-29-I-1945, Hayward-Willink-Golbach ( IFML); 6♀, Posadas, 1-III-1934, Rodríguez ( MACN);1♀, San Ignacio, - VI-1953, Viana-Decarlo ( MACN); 1♀, Arroyo Itaemé, XII-1947, De Carlo-D´Amico ( MACN); 5♀, Posadas, 14-II-1904 ( MACN); 1♂, Dos de Mayo, 18-XI-1973, Willink-Tomsic ( IFML); 1♀, Puerto Bemberg, 29-IV-1950, M. Sala ( MACN); 1♀, San Ignacio, 4-5-IV-1974, C & M. Bardy ( BMNH); 1♀, Pilcomayo, J.Graham Kerr ( BMNH); 1♀, Caraguatay, - I-1960, ( MLP); 1♂, Cabure-I, 18-VIII-1980, J.L.Farina-L.Farina (MMP); 71♀, San Juan, ( MACN); 2♀, Pindapoy, 7-1943, G.Williner ( MACN); 2♀, San Juan, 21-IV-1923, ( MACN); 2♀, San Juan, 28-II-1923, Melian ( MACN); 2♀, Misiones, 14-XI-1922, ( MACN); 1♀, San Juan, 7-XI-1923, ( MACN); 1♀, San Juan, 5-X- 1924, ( MACN); 1♀, Parque Prov. Moconá, 9-XII-2005, Medan ( FAUBA); 2♀, Posadas ( MACN); 5♀, San Juan, 10-XII-1924, M.Gómez ( MACN); 1♀, Santa María (Dpto. de Concepción), - XI-1943, ( MACN). SANTA FE. 1♀, Villa Guillermina, 25-II-1946, Hayward-Willink ( IFML); 2♀, Villa Guillermina, 21-II-1946, Hayward-Willink ( IFML); 1♀, Tartagal, 4-III-1946, Hayward-Willink ( IFML); 1♀, Villa Ana, 22-I-1957, A.Willink ( IFML). SALTA. 1♀, Río Piedras, 20-XI-1941, Jörgensen ( MLP); 1♀, Gral. Ballivian, 2-6-XII-1941, P. Danier ( MLP). TUCUMÁN.

1♂, Tucumán (430 m. a.s.l), 30-I-1965, W.Weyrauch ( IFML); 1♀, El Manantial, - III-2005, E. Virla ( MLP); 1♀, Chilcas (Dto. Burruyacu), 5-VI-1975, C. Golbach ( IFML). FORMOSA. 1♀, Las Lomitas, 15-XI-2007, Compagnucci ( MACN). JUJUY. 1♀, Yuto, 28-II-1955, Jörgensen ( MLP). SALTA. 1♀, Aguas Blancas ( Oran), 700 m. a.s.l, Jörgensen (E.O. Vollenweider) ( MLP); 1♀, Gral Ballivian, 17-XI-1942, ( MLP).

Figures

FIGURES 5 – 8. Head of female, frontal view (5 – 7). 5, Xylocopa mendozana, 6, Xylocopa nigrocincta, 7, Xylocopa tacanensis; 8, metasoma of female of Xylocopa atamisquensis, dorsal view.

FIGURES 9 – 14. Metasoma of female, dorsal view. 9, Xylocopa augusti; 10, Xylocopa eximia; 11, Xylocopa frontalis; 12, Xylocopa nigrocincta; 13, Xylocopa tacanensis; 14, Xylocopa mendozana. Scale bars: 2 mm.

FIGURES 15 – 20. Head of male, frontal view. 15, Xylocopa atamisquensis; 16, Xylocopa augusti; 17, Xylocopa eximia; 18, Xylocopa frontalis; 19, Xylocopa mendozana; 20, Xylocopa nigrocincta. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURES 21 – 26. Metasoma of male, dorsal view. 21, Xylocopa atamisquensis; 22, Xylocopa augusti; 23, Xylocopa eximia; 24, Xylocopa frontalis; 25, Xylocopa mendozana; 26, Xylocopa nigrocinta.

FIGURES 27 – 32. Hind tibia of male, posterior view. 27, Xylocopa atamisquensis; 28, Xylocopa augusti; 29, Xylocopa eximia; 30, Xylocopa frontalis; 31, Xylocopa mendozana; 32, Xylocopa nigrocincta.

FIGURES 33 – 38. Genitalia male, dorsal view. 33, Xylocopa atamisquensis; 34, Xylocopa augusti; 35, Xylocopa eximia; 36, Xylocopa frontalis; 37, Xylocopa mendozana; 38, Xylocopa nigrocincta.

FIGURES 39 – 44. Genitalia male, ventral view. 39, Xylocopa atamisquensis; 40, Xylocopa augusti; 41, Xylocopa eximia; 42, Xylocopa frontalis; 43, Xylocopa mendozana; 44, Xylocopa nigrocincta.

FIGURES 45 – 56. Gonostyle and pennis valve, ventral view. 45, Xylocopa atamisquensis; 46, Xylocopa augusti; 47, Xylocopa eximia; 48, Xylocopa frontalis; 49, Xylocopa mendozana; 50, Xylocopa nigrocincta. Gonostyle and pennis valve, dorsal view. 51, Xylocopa atamisquensis; 52, Xylocopa augusti; 53, Xylocopa eximia; 54, Xylocopa frontalis; 55, Xylocopa mendozana; 56, Xylocopa nigrocincta.

FIGURES 61 – 62. Occurrence maps.