Koreoleptoxis zhiyuanfui Lu, Chen & He, 2024

He, Yue Ming, Lu, Yi Zhi, Fu, Zhi Yuan, Xiang, Hong Quan & Chen, Hui, 2024, Description of 17 new species of Semisulcospiridae (Gastropoda: Cerithioidea) from southern China based on morphological and molecular evidence, Ecologica Montenegrina 75, pp. 12-32 : 27-31

Koreoleptoxis zhiyuanfui Lu, Chen & He , sp. nov.

https://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EA4AB170-A3AD-4F17-8E42-8891ED6F89DC

( Figs. 1 R , 2 R )

Material examined. 4 ex. Paitan River , Paitan Town , Zengcheng District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China, 23.50°N, 113.79°E, May 2023 by Da- Ming Shi leg.

Holotype. NNUH20241101, shell height 14.63 mm, width 8.38 mm, height of the body whorl 11.14 mm.

Paratypes. 2 ex. NNUH20241102–3 , shell height 14.85–15.38 mm, width 8.45–8.47 mm, height of the body whorl 10.47–10.66 mm, locality and habitat same as holotype .

Locus typicus. Paitan Town , Zengcheng District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China, 23.50°N, 113.79°E .

Etymology. The specific name " zhiyuanfui " is from the name of the collector. We suggest the Chinese common name as " 傅氏Ħĸ ".

Description. Shell small, thick, solid, conical, yellow, with two black horizontal stripes; shell comprising seven to eight whorls, surface smooth, growth lines no obvious, without spiral ribs, body whorl swollen, taking up most of the shell about 71%, with very faint transverse lines. Apex eroded. Suture low. Lip thin, inner lip slightly thickened and smooth, white, outer lip purplish blue-white. Umbilicus absent.

Operculum. ( Fig. 2 R ) Ovate, smaller than aperture, corneous, thin, brown, length 4.89 mm, width 3.68 mm, and the nucleus located at the bottom left about 1/4.

Radula. ( Fig. 3 R ) Central teeth with triangle-shaped pointed major cusp, and 2-3 smaller cusps on each side. Lateral teeth with enlarged, pointed major cusp and a smaller cusp on inner side. The outer sider of lateral teeth with 2–3 smaller cusps. Inner marginal teeth with four and outer with five to six flattened, rounded denticles.

Anatomy. Snout, foot and tentacles grey, with black pigmented spots. Snout broad, cylindrical, with long cephalic tentacles, tentacles greater than snout in length.

Remarks. Lateral teeth have backward 2–3 smaller cusps on outer side of K. zhiyuanfui sp. nov., which is a significant feature that distinguishes other Koreoleptoxis species. The new species can also be clearly distinguished from other Koreoleptoxis congeners by the following features: shell smooth (vs. shell sculptured in K. amurensis (Gerstfeldt, 1859) and K. friniana (Heude, 1888)) , outer marginal teeth with five to six flattened (vs. four flattened in K. bicintus (Gan, 2007)) .

Habitat and distribution. This species was collected from the Paitan River in Paitan Town, Zengcheng District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province. The species inhabits rivers with a depth of less than 50 cm, slow water flow, and a substrate made of stones and sand.

Molecular results

A total of 75 mitochondrial COI sequences from 52 species were utilized in the phylogenetic analyses. The GTR+I+G4+F model was selected as the best-fit of nucleotide substitution by the BIC criterion. ML and BI analyses resulted in congruent tree topologies with some minor differences in the terminal lineages. The average COI genetic distance (uncorrected p-distance) between the new species of Semisulcospiridae family more than 3.6%.

Discussion

The Semisulcospiridae in China exhibits a high level of diversity. However, some species are difficult to distinguish based solely on morphology. However, with the development of waterways, the living environment of many freshwater snails has become unfavorable. In this survey, most species of the Semisulcospiridae family in southern China rely on mountain streams, with only H. tchangsii and S. ningpoensis showing some tolerance to urban artificial waterways. Semisulcospira ningpoensis has shown a certain degree of invasiveness, as they can easily spread through artificially constructed waterways. Therefore, further investigations are urgently needed to better understand the species of Semisulcospiridae in China.

Acknowledgements

We would like to acknowledge Cen-Song Yang, Chong-Ye Li, Xiao-Bo Qian, Hao Li, Jia-Hao Jing, Jun-Da Zhao, Hao-Fei Fan, Yu-Huan Liu, Da-Ming Shi for assistance in obtaining samples for this study.

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Appendix

Figures

Figure 1. Hua suifuensis (A) Holotype, NNUH20241501; H. yiliangensis sp. nov. (B) Holotype, NNUH20241301; H. rayeae sp. nov. (C) Holotype, NNUH20241701; H. yunong sp. nov. (D) Holotype, NNUH20241801; H. heimao sp. nov. (E) Holotype, NNUH20241601; H. jiuxiangensis sp. nov. (F) Holotype, NNUH20241901; H. penicillata sp. nov. (G) Holotype, NNUH20240201; H. wudangensis sp. nov. (H) Holotype, NNUH20240301; H. pyriformis sp. nov. (I) Holotype, NNUH20240401; H. censongyangi sp. nov. (J) Holotype, NNUH20240501; H. jundazhaoi sp. nov. (K) Holotype, NNUH20240601; H. jiahaojingi sp. nov. (L) Holotype, NNUH20240701; H. mileensis sp. nov. (M) Holotype, NNUH20240901; Semisulcospira fasciata sp. nov. (N) Holotype, NNUH20240901; S. guilinensis sp. nov. (O) Holotype, NNUH20240101; S. tigra sp. nov. (P) Holotype, NNUH20241001; S. sangpuensis sp. nov. (Q) Holotype, NNUH20240801; K. zhiyuanfui sp. nov. (R) Holotype, NNUH20240801. Scale bar = 10 mm.

Figure 2. Opercula of Semisulcospiridae species from China. Hua suifuensis (A); H. yiliangensis sp. nov. (B); H. rayeae sp. nov. (C); H. yunong sp. nov. (D); H. heimao sp. nov. (E); H. jiuxiangensis sp. nov. (F); H. penicillata sp. nov. (G); H. wudangensis sp. nov. (H); H. pyriformis sp. nov. (I); H. censongyangi sp. nov. (J); H. jundazhaoi sp. nov. (K); H. jiahaojingi sp. nov. (L); H. mileensis sp. nov. (M); Semisulcospira fasciata sp. nov. (N); S. guilinensis sp. nov. (O); S. tigra sp. nov. (P); S. sangpuensis sp. nov. (Q); K. zhiyuanfui sp. nov. (R). Scale bar = 3 mm.

Figure 3. Radulae of Semisulcospiridae species from China. Hua suifuensis (A); H. yiliangensis sp. nov. (B); H. rayeae sp. nov. (C); H. yunong sp. nov. (D); H. heimao sp. nov. (E); H. jiuxiangensis sp. nov. (F); H. penicillata sp. nov. (G); H. wudangensis sp. nov. (H); H. pyriformis sp. nov. (I); H. censongyangi sp. nov. (J); H. jundazhaoi sp. nov. (K); H. jiahaojingi sp. nov. (L); H. mileensis sp. nov. (M); Semisulcospira fasciata sp. nov. (N); S. guilinensis sp. nov. (O); S. tigra sp. nov. (P); S. sangpuensis sp. nov. (Q); K. zhiyuanfui sp. nov. (R).