Paralobesia cypripediana ( Forbes, 1923 )

Royals, Hanna R., Landry, Jean-François & Gilligan, Todd M., 2018, The myth of monophagy in Paralobesia (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)? A new species feeding on Cypripedium reginae (Orchidaceae), Zootaxa 4446 (1), pp. 81-96 : 90-93

Paralobesia cypripediana ( Forbes, 1923)

Figs. 4 , 7 , 13–17

Polychrosis cypripediana Forbes 1923:473 ; Heinrich 1926:92; McDunnough 1939:40.

Paralobesia cypripediana ; Obraztsov 1953:92; Brown 2005:472.

Endopiza cypripediana ; Powell 1983:31.

Diagnosis. Paralobesia cypripediana is superficially similar to both P. monotropana and P. marilynae , but the three species can be separated by the arrangement of the spine clusters, the teeth on the phallus, and the setae on the uncus in the males. These differences are detailed in the diagnosis of P. monotropana . Most other species of Paralobesia that resemble P. cypripediana have long (extending past Spc1) setae at Spc3 versus the relatively short setae (not extending past Spc1) in P. cypripediana , and a different configuration of teeth on the phallus. Female genitalia are indistinguishable from those of P. rhoifructana ( Kearfott, 1904) and P. yaracana ( Kearfott, 1907) .

Redescription. Male. Head: Vertex rough scaled, pale brown; frons scales appressed, uniformly white; labial palpus pale brown, all segments combined ca 1.75 times diameter of compound eye, segment II rough scaled with dash of black scales laterally, segment III smooth scaled; antenna dark brown. Thorax: Dorsum mottled with reddish-orange and tan scales with transverse band of dark scales; posterior crest mottled with dark brown and orange scales; for- and midlegs dark brown with tan annulations on tibia and tarsal segments, hind legs mostly pale brown with white annulations on tarsal segments. Forewing length 4.4–5.4 mm (mean 4.7 mm; n = 11); ground color blue grey, wing markings varying from dark reddish brown to mottled pale brown; costal strigulae pairs 2–9 expressed as pale brown dashes along costa; male costal fold absent; patch of elongate scales at base of dorsum; subbasal fascia narrowing from costa to radius, widening from radius to cubitus, and narrowing from cubitus to dorsum; median fascia dark brown in costal half, mixed with pale brown in dorsal half, broad from costa to cubitus, distal margin extending towards termen along cubitus, and angling back to dorsum; postmedian fascia divided into two sections, an oval patch at costa and a triangular pretornal patch; postmedian band a large semioval patch extending to termen, usually with notch originating from termen near M3, coloration variable; preterminal fascia a small circular patch near apex, center dark; fringe scales darkly mottled. Hindwing uniform dark brown with paler scales at base; fringe scales long, dark brown basally, pale brown apically; cubital pecten brown. Abdomen: Coloration pale to dark brown. Genitalia with uncus reduced to short rounded lobe, curved posteriorly, with patch of setae longer than uncus extending ventrally from apex of each side of lobe; socius absent; gnathos a weakly sclerotized band, microtrichiate medially, fused with membranous subscaphium; cucullus clavate, stout, costal margin broadly concave, apex narrowly rounded, ventral margin convex, ventral half covered in stout spinelike setae, apex and dorsal half covered in fine setae; sacculus with three distinct clusters of spinelike setae, two on padlike lobes proximal to the cucullus and a third on a raised projection at the base; Spc1 separated from cucullus by moderate narrow emargination, extending ventrally beyond cucullus ca. 0.25 times as its length, Spc1 and Spc2 separated by deep U-shaped emargination, Spc2 ca. same size as Spc1, spines on both Spc1 and Spc2 blunt and peglike, Spc2 and Spc3 separated by deep rounded emargination, Spc3 on a raised lobe, spines on Spc3 stout and spikelike, extending past edge of Spc2. Phallus tapering distally, curved, length ca. 0.5 that of cucullus, with 2–5 teeth of variable size situated on keel near center.

Female. Head: As in male. Thorax: As in male, except forewing length 4.1–5.5 mm (mean 5.0 mm; n = 5). Abdomen: Coloration variable, mostly brown with darker scaling on posterior segments. Genitalia with papillae anales simple, moderately setose; apophyses anteriores ca. 1.3 times as long as apophyses posteriores; posterior 0.25 of ductus seminalis moderately sclerotized; ductus bursae ca. 2.0 times as long as corpus bursae; ductus seminalis arising in posterior 0.25 of ductus bursae; corpus bursae with faint, shallow signum and two small accessory sacs, sacs less than 0.2 length of corpus bursae. Sterigma conical, moderately sclerotized, and microtrichiate on anterior 0.25, posterior margin serrate; ostium oriented posterodorsally.

Lectotype. ♂, “ Aweme , Manitoba, N. Criddle, Jan. 14. 09; Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Dept. Invert. Zool. No.; Kearfott Col. Ac. 4667; Bred from Cypripedium spectabile seed pods ; ♂ genitalia on slide, CH 19-May 1922; Polychrosis cypripediana Forbes. TYPE; LECTOTYPE ” ( AMNH) .

Paralectotypes. CANADA: same data as lectotype, “bred from Cypripedium spectabile seed pods,” “larva found 25 Aug 1905 ” [Jan 1906] (1 ♀ [unconfirmed, hindwings and abdomen missing], AMNH) ; 14 Apr 1907 (1 ♀ [unconfirmed, only thorax and left forewing], USNM); 24 Apr 1907 (1 ♀, slide HRR 0 91, USNM); 14 Jan 1909 (1 ♂, slide 71760, CH wing slide, USNM) ; 14 Jan 1909 (1 ♀, slide 97884, wing slide 71761, USNM); 14 Jan 1909 (1 ♂, slide TOR-1355, CNC).

Additional specimens examined. CANADA: Manitoba: Aweme, N. Criddle; 22 Feb 1909 (1 ♀, CNCLEP00103641, slide TOR 5118, CNC); 15 Nov 1910 (1 ♂, CNCLEP00103642, slide TOR 1357, CNC; 1 ♀, CNCLEP00103643, slide TOR 5119, CNC). New Brunswick: Queens, Akerley, from Sumac, 15 Mar 1968 (1 ♂, CNCLEP00105128, slide TOR 5085, CNC; 1 ♀, CNCLEP00099640, slide HRR 299, CNC); 20 Mar 1968 (1 ♂, CNCLEP00099639, slide TOR 5129, CNC; 1 ♀, CNCLEP00105129, slide TOR 5086, CNC). Ontario: Renfrew, Richards Twp., J. J. Dombroskie, L. M. Glines, & R. A. St. Laurent, 22 Jun 2015 (1 ♂, TOR-DNA-1037, slide HRR 120, CUIC). Québec: Gatineau Park, edge of Gatineau Parkway, Marilyn H. S. Light, larva collected from Rhus typhina 31 Jul 2015, pupated 19 Aug 2015, overwintered until 31 Mar 2016, emerged 30 Apr 2016 (1 ♀, CNCLEP00141503, slide HRR 239, CNC); Kazabazua, J. McDunnough, 3 Mar 1923 from Sumac (1 ♂, CNCLEP00099638, slide HRR 262, CNC; 1 ♂, CNCLEP00099636, slide TOR 1356, CNC; 1 ♂, CNCLEP00099637, slide TOR 5128, CNC; 1 ♀, CNCLEP00099634, slide HRR 263, CNC; 2 ♀, CNCLEP00099633, CNCLEP00099635, CNC); Gatineau Park, Folly Bog (fen), near Hickory Trail, Marilyn H. S. Light, from Rhus typhina , larva collected 24 Jul [2016], transferred to feed on Cypripedium reginae , pupated 30 Jul [2016], emerged 18 Aug 2016 (1 ♂, CNCLEP00141694, slide HRR 238, CNC); USA: Tennessee: Chester Co., near Henderson, K. Childs, 8-12 Apr 2015, (1 ♀, TOR-DNA-1046, slide HRR 0 0 8, CUIC). Virginia: Falls Church, C. Heinrich, reared 25 May 1915, on Rhus copalina [= copallinum ] (1 ♂, CNCLEP00099632, slide TOR 5127, CNC). New York: Lake Ontario, near Roch[ester], 17, Jul 1893 (1 ♂, slide HRR 300, wing slide, USNM 71761, USNM).

Distribution and biology. Paralobesia cypripediana is recorded from southern Manitoba east across southern Ontario and Québec to New Brunswick, south to Virginia and Tennessee. As its name suggests, P. cypripediana is often found in association with one of its larval hosts, C. reginae (Orchidaceae) (listed as C. spectabile on older labels). However, more specimens have been reared from Rhus (Anacardiaceae) (including R. typhina L. and R. copallinum L.) than from Cypripedium , suggesting that larvae are at least oligophagous on plants in similar habitats. Collection dates suggest a flight period from early March to late August. The midwinter emergence dates listed by Criddle are likely due to indoor rearing ( Heinrich 1926).

Discussion. The lectotype designation attributed to Heinrich (1926) by Klots (1942) is valid; there is only one male specimen in the AMNH. We located six labeled paratypes as listed by Heinrich (1926); however, dates for two do not match those given in the original description. We assume that the date for the male listed as “ Jan. 1-09 ” is actually 14 Jan 1909, and that the date for one of the females cited as “ 14-IV-07 ” is actually 24 Apr 1907.

In his monograph on the Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states, Forbes (1923) included a brief description of the wing pattern of P. cypripediana . He credited the name to Kearfott, who had used cypripediana as a manuscript name for a series of specimens reared from the seeds of Cypripedium in Aweme , Manitoba by Criddle. As such, Forbes (1923) did not designate any types or provide any specimen data. Heinrich (1926) examined these specimens (three males and four females) and designated a male as the lectotype, attributing the name to Forbes.

Figures

FIGURE 7. Female genitalia of Paralobesia cypripediana (slide TOR 5086) with sterigma enlarged for detail.

FIGURES 3–5. Male genitalia of Paralobesia. 3. Paralobesia monotropana (slide HRR 243). 4. P. cypripediana (slide HRR 120). 5. P. marilynae (slide TOR 5114).

FIGURES 8–22. Adults of Paralobesia. 8. Holotype of P. monotropana. 9–12. P. monotropana. 13. Lectotype of P. cypripediana. 14–17. P. cypripediana. 18. Holotype of P. marilynae. 19–22. P. marilynae.