Cynapes, SIMON, 1900

Benjamin, Suresh P., 2004, Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic hypothesis for the jumping spider subfamily Ballinae (Araneae, Salticidae), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 142 (1), pp. 1-82 : 17-19

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00123.x

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D487AA-FFDF-6648-F41D-2A40FDC1F8B0

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Diego

scientific name

Cynapes
status

 

CYNAPES SIMON, 1900 View in CoL

Type species: Cynapes wrighti , by original description.

Monophyly and phylogenetic placement: Probably polyphyletic. Based on my cladistic analysis of Ballinae generic relationships, C. canosus should be placed in a new monotypic genus. However, I prefer not to describe a new genus at this stage. The status of Cynapes remains to be tested with rigorous sampling and phylogenetic methods.

Remarks: Prior to the study of Wanless (1979) Cynapes included three species: the type C. wrighti , C. baptizatus and C. canosus . Wanless tentatively transferred C. canosus to Marengo , but gave no reasons for doing so, except for saying that the genitalia were in broad agreement with those of Marengo . However, he mentioned the lack of enlarged tibia I (31). Further, he mentioned characters apomorphic for C. canosus (40-1) and suggested that its generic placement should be reconsidered when more is known of tropical salticids. Details of the genitalia, such as the shape of the subtegulum (1), presence of ec (2), embolus length (5) and lack of enlarged tibia I are all plesiomorphic and thus cannot be used to characterize a genus including C. canosus and Marengo . Moreover, such a transfer of C. canosus to Marengo would add four additional steps to the preferred tree. Wanless (1979, 1984a) suggested that Cynapes might be synonymous with Baviola . However, his hypothesis is not supported in this study.

Diagnosis: Cynapes can be distinguished from other Ballinae genera, except for Sadies , by the presence of a sharply elevated prosoma (20) ( Wanless, 1979: fig. 2b; 1984a: fig. 13b) and the absence of an enlarged tibia I ( Wanless, 1979: figs 1b, 2c, j; 1984a: fig. 13g). It is separated from Baviola by the presence of ec ( Fig. 8A–D View Figure 8 ), embolus laying flat on ec (4; Fig. 8A–D View Figure 8 ) and an enlarged femur I (30) ( Wanless, 1979: figs 1b, 2c, j; 1984a: fig. 13g), and from Sadies by the presence of cag in Sadies (16; Figs 45C View Figure 45 , 46A, B View Figure 46 ).

Description: See Wanless (1979, 1984a).

Composition. Three species: Cynapes baptizatus (Butler, 1876) from Rodriguez, C. canosus from Mauritius and C. wrighti (Blackwall, 1877) from the Seychelles.

Distribution: Mauritius, Rodriguez and the Seychelles. Wanless (1984a) mentions its occurrence in Madagascar.

CYNAPES WRIGHTI (BLACKWALL, 1877)

( FIGS 8A, B View Figure 8 , 9B View Figure 9 , 10A- G View Figure 10 )

Salticus wrightii Blackwall, 1877: 2 , pl. 1, fig. 1. 1♂ lectotype (designated by Wanless, 1984a) from the Seychelles, UMO, vial 1778/1 not examined.

Bavia wrighti Simon, 1893: 209 .

Cynapes wrighti Simon, 1901: 471 View in CoL , figs 533-534 (lapsus calami).

C. wrightii Wanless, 1984: 39 , fig. 13a–g.

Diagnosis: The male of C. wrighti can be distinguished from that of C. canosus by a pear-shaped subtegulum that does not extend above the tibia ( Fig. 8A, B View Figure 8 ), and from that of C. baptizatus by the stout rta ( Fig. 8B View Figure 8 ; Wanless, 1979: fig. 1c, h). The female can be distinguished from that of C. canosus by the presence of a narrow epigynal septum in the latter ( Fig. 9A View Figure 9 ). Wanless (1979) proposed that the position of tracheal slits can be used to distinguish C. wrighti from C. baptizatus : a short distance away from the anterior spinnerets in C. wrighti and just in front of the anterior spinnerets in C. baptizatus .

TAXONOMY AND PHYLOGENY OF BALLINAE 19

Description: See Wanless (1984a).

Distribution: The Seychelles.

Other material examined: SEYCHELLES: Mahé Nord, Beau Vallon: 1♂, 12.6.1972, MRAC, MT 143 174; Mahé Sud, Anse á la Mouche: 1♂ 1♀, 30.6.1972, MRAC, MT 143.455 .

CYNAPES CANOSUS SIMON, 1900 View in CoL

( FIGS 8C, D View Figure 8 , 9A View Figure 9 )

Cynapes canosus Simon, 1900: 393 View in CoL . 1♂ 1♀, lectotype ( MNHN 2353 About MNHN ), examined.

Marengo canosus Wanless, 1979: 70 , fig. 2a–k. Designation of lectotypes.

Diagnosis: The male of C. canosus can be distinguished from that of all the other species of the genus by the presence of a subtegulum that extends above the tibia ( Fig. 8C, D View Figure 8 ), the female by the presence of a narrow epigynal septum ( Fig. 9A View Figure 9 ).

Description: See Wanless (1979).

Distribution: Mauritius.

Other material examined: None.

MRAC

Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Arachnida

Order

Araneae

Family

Salticidae

Loc

Cynapes

Benjamin, Suresh P. 2004
2004
Loc

Marengo canosus

Wanless FR 1979: 70
1979
Loc

Cynapes wrighti

Simon E 1901: 471
1901
Loc

Cynapes canosus Simon, 1900: 393

Simon E 1900: 393
1900
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