Anopheles (Cellia) stephensi Liston, 1901

Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Turner, James & Azari-Hamidian, Shahyad, 2023, An overview of the mosquitoes of Saudi Arabia (Diptera: Culicidae), with updated keys to the adult females, Zootaxa 5394 (1), pp. 1-76 : 19-20

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5394.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:6D86633F-0167-414D-B511-550BCBE578CD
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10438163
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D45C56-143B-0F41-178C-868AFB83A6E8
treatment provided by	Plazi (2023-12-28 08:31:07, last updated 2024-11-29 15:05:44)
scientific name	Anopheles (Cellia) stephensi Liston, 1901
status

Treatment

Anopheles (Cellia) stephensi Liston, 1901 View in CoL ( Fig. 15 View FIGURE 15 )

Type locality. Ellichpur, India .

Distribution. This species is found in the Afrotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic Regions ( Azari-Hamidian et al. 2019; Wilkerson et al. 2021). In the Middle East and North Africa, it occurs in Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Iran, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates ( Mattingly & Knight 1956; Büttiker 1981; Minář 1991; Glick 1992; Salit et al. 1994; Al-Houty 1997; El Khereji et al. 2007; Rueda et al. 2008; Alahmed et al. 2009; Kheir et al. 2010; Al Ahmad et al. 2011; Alahmed 2012; Al Ahmed et al. 2013; Kardousha 2015, 2016; Azari-Hamidian et al. 2019; Camp et al. 2019; Gunathilaka 2018; Irish et al. 2016, 2020; Alkhayat et al. 2020; Balkew et al. 2020; Farag et al. 2021; Schaffner et al. 2021; Wilkerson et al. 2021). This species was recorded for the first time in Saudi Arabia by Mattingly & Knight (1956).

Remarks. Based on egg-float ridge number, An. stephensi has three biological forms or ecological variants which represent three egg phenotypes, mysorensis Sweet & Rao, typical and intermediate ( Subbarao et al. 1987). There are no differences in the ITS2, COI and COII sequences of the three egg phenotypes ( Chavshin et al. 2014). Gholizadeh et al. (2015) and Firooziyan et al. (2018) used the odorant binding protein 1 (AsteObp1) gene as a molecular marker to distinguish the three phenotypes. They are natural variations ( Azari-Hamidian et al. 2019; Surendran et al. 2022) that are considered to be varinants of An. stephensi .

Medical importance. Anopheles stephensi is known as a major malaria vector in southern Asia, Africa and the Middle East ( Manouchehri et al. 1976; Kyalo et al. 2017; Gholizadeh et al. 2015; Alahmed et al. 2019). It also plays a role in transmitting Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax ( Gillies & Coetzee 1987; Peterson 2009). Females are known to vector Dirofilaria repens ( Anderson 2000) . Also, P. berghei , African horse sickness virus, chikungunya virus, Chandipura virus, Tahyna virus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus and an unnamed Cypovirus have been isolated from or assumed to be transmitted by this species ( Wilkerson et al. 2021).

References

Al Ahmed, A. M., Badjah-Hadj-Ahmed, A. - Y., Al Othman, Z. A. & Sallam, M. F. (2013) Identification of wild collected mosquito vectors of diseases using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 48, 1170 - 1177. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jms. 3282

Al-Houty, W. (1997) Chacklist of the insect fauna of Kuwait. Kuwait Journal of Science and Engineering, 24, 145 - 162.

Alahmed, M. A., Al Kuriji, M. A., Kheir, S. M. Alahmedi, S. A., Al Hatabbi, M. J. & Al Gashmari, M. A. M. (2009) Mosquito fauna (Diptera: Culicidae) and seasonal activity in Makkah Al Mukarramah Region, Saudi Arabia. Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 39 (3), 991 - 1013.

Alahmed, M. A. (2012) Mosquito fauna (Diptera: Culicidae) of the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia and their seasonal abundance. Journal King Saud University for Science, 24 (1), 55 - 62. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jksus. 2010.12.001

Alahmed, A. M., Munawar, K., Khalil, S. M. S. & Harbach, R. E. (2019) Assessment and an updated list of the mosquitoes of Saudi Arabia. Parasites & Vectors, 12, 356. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 019 - 3579 - 4

Alkhayat, F. A., Ahmad, H. A., Rahim, J., Dieng, H., Ismail, B. A., Imran, M., Sheikh, U. A. A., Shahzad, M. S. Abid, A. D. & Munawar, K. (2020) Characterization of mosquito larval habitats in Qatar. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 27 (9), 2358 - 2365. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. sjbs. 2020.07.006

Anderson, R. C. (2000) Nematode parasites of vertebrates: their development and transmission. 2 nd edition. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, 650 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1079 / 9780851994215.0000

Azari-Hamidian, S., Norouzi, B. & Harbach, R. E. (2019) A detailed review of the mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of Iran and their medical and veterinary importance. Acta Tropica, 194, 106 - 122. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. actatropica. 2019.03.019

Balkew, M., Mumba, P., Dengela, D., Yohannes, G., Getachew, D., Yared, S., Chibsa, S., Murphy, M., George, K., Lopez, K., Janies, D., Choi, S. H., Spear, J., Irish, S. R. & Carter, T. E. (2020) Geographical distribution of Anopheles stephensi in eastern Ethiopia. Parasites & Vectors, 13, 35. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 020 - 3904 - y

Buttiker, W. (1981) Observation on urban mosquitoes in Saudi Arabia. In: Wittmer, W. & Buttiker, W. (Eds.), Fauna of Saudia Arabia. Vol. 3. Pro Entomologia c / o Natural History Museum. Ciba Geigy Ltd, Basle, pp. 472 - 479.

Camp, J. V., Karuvantevida, N., Chouhna, H., Safi, E., Shah, J. N. & Nowotny, N. (2019) Mosquito biodiversity and mosquito-borne viruses in the United Arab Emirates. Parasites & Vectors, 12, 153. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 019 - 3417 - 8

Chavshin, A. R., Oshaghi, M. A., Vatandoost, H., Hanafi-Bojd, A. A., Raeisi, A. & Nikpoor, F. (2014) Molecular characterization, biological forms and sporozoite rate of Anopheles stephensi in southern Iran. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 4 (1), 47 - 51. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 2221 - 1691 (14) 60207 - 0

El Khereji, M. A., Alahmed, A. M. & Kheir, S. M. (2007) Survey and seasonal activity of adult mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. Agriculture and Food Science Centre Research Bulletin, 152, 5 - 17.

Farag, E. A. B. A., Bansal, D., Mardini, K., Sultan, A. A., Al-Thani, M. H. J., Al-Marri, S. A., Al-Hajri, M., Al-Romaihi, H. & Schaffner, F. (2021) Identification and characterisation of mosquitoes from different locations in Qatar in 2017 - 2019. Parasite, 28, 84. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / parasite / 2021079

Firooziyan, S., Dinparast Djadid, N. & Gholizadeh, S. (2018) Speculation on the possibility for introducing Anopheles stephensi as a species complex: preliminary evidence based on odorant binding protein 1 intron I sequence. Malaria Journal, 17, 366. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 12936 - 018 - 2523 - y

Gholizadeh, S., Firooziyan, S., Ladonni, H., Hajipirloo, H. M., Djadid, N. D., Hosseini, A. & Raz, A. (2015) The Anopheles stephensi odorant binding protein 1 (AsteObp 1) gene: A new molecular marker for biological forms diagnosis. Acta Tropica, 146, 101 - 113. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. actatropica. 2015.03.012

Gillies, M. T. & Coetzee, M. (1987) Supplement to the Anophelinae of Africa south of the Sahara. Publications of the South African Institute for Medical Research, 55, 1 - 143.

Glick, J. I. (1992) IIustrated key to the female Anopheles of southwestern Asia and Egypt. Mosquito Systematics, 24 (2), 125 - 153. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 08989629208573811

Gunathilaka, N. (2018) Annotated checklist and review of the mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) in Sri Lanka. Journal of Insect Biodiversity, 7 (3), 38 - 50. https: // doi. org / 10.12976 / jib / 2018.07.3.1

Irish, S. R., Al-Amin, H. M., Alam, M. S. & Harbach, R. E. (2016) A review of the mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) of Bangladesh. Parasites & Vectors, 9, 559. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 016 - 1848 - z

Kardousha, M. M. (2015) Additional records of vector mosquito diversity collected from Al Khor district of North-estern Qatar. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, 5 (10), 804 - 807. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 2222 - 1808 (15) 60944 - 6

Kardousha, M. M. (2016) First report of some adult mosquitoes captured by CDC gravid traps from North-Eastern Qatar. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, 6 (2), 100 - 105. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 2222 - 1808 (15) 60993 - 8

Kheir, S. M., Alahmed, A. M., Al Kuriji, M. A. & Al Zubyani, S. F. (2010) Distribution and seasonal activity of mosquitoes in Al Madinah Al Munwwarah, Saudi Arabia. Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 40 (1), 215 - 227. https: // doi. org / 10.3923 / je. 2010.227.234

Kyalo, D., Amratia, P., Mundia, C. W., Mbogo, C. M., Coetzee, M. & Snow, R. W. (2017) A geo-coded inventory of anophelines in the Afrotropical Region south of the Sahara: 1898 - 2016. Wellcome Open Research, 2, 57. https: // doi. org / 10.12688 / wellcomeopenres. 12187.1

Liston, W. G. (1901) A year's experience of the habits of Anopheles in Ellichpur. The description of the species of Anopheles found in Ellichipur during the year. Indian Medical Gazette, 36, 361 - 366 + 441 - 443, 1 pl.

Manouchehri, A. V., Javadian, E., Eshghy, N. & Motabar, M. (1976) Ecology of Anopheles stephensi Liston in southern Iran. Tropical and Geographical Medicine, 28 (3), 228 - 232.

Mattingly, P. F. & Knight, K. L. (1956) The mosquitoes of Arabia. I. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 4 (3), 91 - 141.

Minar, J. (1991) Family Culicidae. In: Soos, A. & Papp, L. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Vol. 2. Psychodidae- Chironomidae. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest and Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, pp. 74 - 113. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 19910380404

Peterson, A. T. (2009) Shifting suitability for malaria vectors across Africa with warming climates. BMC Infectious Diseases, 9, 59. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / 1471 - 2334 - 9 - 59

Rueda, L. M., Pecor, J. E., Lowen, R. G. & Carder, M. (2008) New record and updated checklists of the mosquitoes of Afghanistan and Iraq. Journal of Vector Ecology, 33 (2), 397 - 402. https: // doi. org / 10.3376 / 1081 - 1710 - 33.2.397

Salit, A. M., Zakaria, M., Balba, M. & Zaghloul, T. (1994) The mosquito fauna of Kuwait. Journal of University of Kuwait, 21, 78 - 85.

Schaffner, F., Bansal, D., Mardini, K., Al-Marri, S. A. Al-Thani, M. H. J., Al-Romaihi, H., Sultan, A. A., Al-Hajri, M. & Farag, E. A. B. A. (2021) Vectors and vector-borne diseases in Qatar: current status, key challenges and future prospects. Journal of the European Mosquito Control Association, 39 (1), 3 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.52004 / JEMCA 2021. x 001

Subbarao, S. K., Vasantha, K., Adak, T., Sharma, V. P. & Curtis, C. F. (1987) Egg-float ridge number in Anopheles stephensi: ecological variation and genetic analysis. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 1 (3), 265 - 271. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2915.1987. tb 00353. x

Surendran, S. N., Kesavan, L., Jayadas, T. T. P., Sivabalakrishnan, K., Tharsan, A., Liyanagedara, N., Eswaramohan, T., Raveendran, S., Singh, O. P. & Ramasamy, R. (2022) Morphological and odorant-binding protein 1 gene intron 1 sequence variations in Anopheles stephensi from Jaffna city in northern Sri Lanka. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 36 (4), 496 - 502. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / mve. 12595

Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D. A. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols 1 and 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltomore, Maryland, 1308 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6