Anopheles (Cellia) pharoensis Theobald 1901a

Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Turner, James & Azari-Hamidian, Shahyad, 2023, An overview of the mosquitoes of Saudi Arabia (Diptera: Culicidae), with updated keys to the adult females, Zootaxa 5394 (1), pp. 1-76 : 14-16

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5394.1.1
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DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10438141
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scientific name	Anopheles (Cellia) pharoensis Theobald 1901a
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Anopheles (Cellia) pharoensis Theobald 1901a View in CoL ( Fig. 10 View FIGURE 10 )

Type locality. Cairo, Egypt.

Distribution. This species is found in the Afrotropical and Palaearctic Regions ( Wilkerson et al. 2021). In the Middle East and North Africa, it occurs in Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Syria and Yemen ( Knight 1953b; Mattingly & Knight 1956; Kouznetsov 1976; White 1980; Harbach et al. 1989; Minář 1991; Glick 1992; Morsy et al. 1995; Al-Houty 1997; Brunhes et al. 2000; Tantely et al. 2016, 2017; Lemine et al. 2017; Irish et al. 2020; Wilkerson et al. 2021). Anopheles pharoensis was recorded for the first time in Saudi Arabia by Mattingly & Knight (1956).

Remarks. Gillies & de Meillon (1968) noted some morphological variation in the mesonotal scaling, the ornamentation of the wings, the hindtarsal bands, the male genitalia and the pharynx of females. An o pheles pharoensis may be a species complex because of its variation in vector status and behaviour, as well as chromosomal inversions ( Miles et al. 1983).

Medical importance. Despite the fact that this species is zoophilic and it is not considered to be a malaria vector in Saudi Arabia, studies have shown that it is a proven vector in Senegal and a possible vector in Yemen ( Kouznetsov 1976; Dia et al. 2008). Also, An. pharoensis was able to experimentally transmit Rift Valley fever virus in Egypt ( Gad et al. 1987). Additionally, the species is involved in the transmission of the nematode Wuchereria bancrofti and the Babanki, Bangui, Birao, Ngari, Sanar and Wesselsbron viruses in Africa ( Tantely et al. 2016).

References

Al-Houty, W. (1997) Chacklist of the insect fauna of Kuwait. Kuwait Journal of Science and Engineering, 24, 145 - 162.

Brunhes, J., Hassaine, K., Rhaim, A. & Hervy, J. - P. (2000) Les Culicides de l'Afrique mediterraneenne: especes presentes et repartition (Diptera, Nematocera). Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France, 105 (2), 195 - 204. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / bsef. 2000.16659

Dia, I., Konate, L., Samb, B., Sarr, J. - B., Diop, A., Rogerie, F., Faye, M., Riveau, G., Romoue, F., Diallo, M. & Fontenille, D. (2008) Bionomics of malaria vectors and relationship with malaria transmission and epidemiology in three physiographic zones in the Senegal River Basin. Acta Tropica, 105 (2), 145 - 153. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. actatropica. 2007.10.010

Gad, A. M., Hassan, M. M., El Said, S., Moussa, M. I. & Wood, O. L. (1987) Rift Valley fever virus transmission by different Egyptian mosquito species. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 81 (4), 694 - 698. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0035 - 9203 (87) 90460 - 3

Gillies, M. T. & de Meillon, B. (1968) The Anophelinae of Africa South of the Sahara (Ethiopian Zoogeographical Region). Publications of the South African Institute for Medical Research, 54, 1 - 343.

Glick, J. I. (1992) IIustrated key to the female Anopheles of southwestern Asia and Egypt. Mosquito Systematics, 24 (2), 125 - 153. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 08989629208573811

Harbach, R. E., Harrison, B. A., Gad, A. M., Kenawy, M. A. & El-Said, S. (1989) Records and notes on mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) collected in Egypt. Mosquito Systematics, 20 (3), 317 - 342. [for 1988]

Irish, S. R., Kyalo, D., Snow, R. W. & Coetzee, M. (2020) Updated list of Anopheles species (Diptera: Culicidae) by country in the Afrotropical Region and associated islands. Zootaxa, 4747 (3), 401 - 449. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4747.3.1

Knight, K. L. (1953 b) The mosquitoes of the Yemen (Diptera, Culicidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 55 (5), 212 - 234.

Kouznetsov, R. L. (1976) Distribution of anophelines in the Yemen Arab Republic and its relation to malaria. WHO / MAL / 76.879. World Health Organization, Geneva, 9 pp. https: // apps. who. int / iris / handle / 10665 / 65746

Lemine, A. M. M., Lemrabott, M. A. O., Ebou, M. H., Lekweiry, K. M., Salem, M. S. O. A., Brahim, K. O., Moukah, M. O., Bouraya, I. N. O., Brengues, C., Trape, J. - F., Basco, L., Bogreau, H., Simard, F., Faye, O. & Boukhary, A. O. M. S. (2017) Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Mauritania: a review of their biodiversity, distribution and medical importance. Parasites & Vectors, 10, 35. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 017 - 1978 - y

Mattingly, P. F. & Knight, K. L. (1956) The mosquitoes of Arabia. I. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 4 (3), 91 - 141.

Miles, S. J., Green, C. A. & Hunt, R. H. (1983) Genetic observations on the taxon Anopheles (Cellia) pharoensis Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae). Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 86 (4), 153 - 157.

Minar, J. (1991) Family Culicidae. In: Soos, A. & Papp, L. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Vol. 2. Psychodidae- Chironomidae. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest and Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, pp. 74 - 113. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 19910380404

Morsy, T. A., el Kadry A. A., Salama, M. M., Sabry, A. H. & el Sharkawy, I. M. (1995) Studies on the bionomics and vector competence of adult anopheline mosquitoes in El Faiyum Governorate, Egypt. Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 25 (1), 213 - 244.

Tantely, M. L., Le Goff, G., Boyer, S. & Fontenille, D. (2016) An updated checklist of mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) from Madagascar. Parasite, 23, 20. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / parasite / 2016018

Tantely, L. M., Cetre-Sossah, C., Rakotondranaivo, T., Cardinale, E. & Boyer, S. (2017) Population dynamics of mosquito species in a West Nile virus endemic area in Madagascar. Parasite, 24, 3. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / parasite / 2017005

Theobald, F. V. (1901 a) A Monograph of the Culicidae or Mosquitoes. Vol. 1. British Museum (Natural History), London, xviii + 424 pp.

White, G. B. (1980) Family Culicidae. In: Crosskey, R. W. (Ed.), Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 114 - 148.

Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D. A. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols 1 and 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltomore, Maryland, 1308 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6