Cantharomyces orientalis Speg.

Santamaria, Sergi & Pedersen, Jan, 2021, Laboulbeniomycetes (Fungi, Ascomycota) of Denmark, European Journal of Taxonomy 781, pp. 1-425 : 317-320

Cantharomyces orientalis Speg.

MB#160059

Fig. 77D–F , 107A

Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires 27: 43 ( Spegazzini 1915b). –

Type: “Sobre el dorso y el abdomen de un pequeño estafilino micófilo (Quaedius?), en el bosquecillo Giustinian , cerca de Conegliano, Nov. 1914 ”; LPS. [ Italy]

Cantharomyces thaxteri Maire ( Maire 1916b: 100) [MB#175157]

Cantharomyces abbreviatus Maire ( Maire 1920: 131) [MB#628282]

Diagnostic features

Cell III slightly flattened. The suprabasal cell of the appendage gives rise to a variable number of branches. Antheridium occupying a lateral position in the appendage basal cell, contacting with both septa above and below. [Detailed descriptions: Majewski 1994b; Santamaria 2003]

Distribution and hosts

On Carpelimus (Col. Staphylinidae Oxytelinae ), or as Trogophloeus , but also on Troginus Mulsant & Rey, 1878 . Records on other genera are questionable or due to host switch. From many countries in Europe: Belgium, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom ( Majewski 2008), Bulgaria ( Rossi et al. 2019a), and Slovenia ( Rossi & Christian 2020); Asia: Philippines ( Haelewaters & Yaakop 2014), Turkey ( Rossi 2016), Thailand ( Rossi & Bernardi 2018); and Africa: Algeria ( Maire 1920). Remarkably, this species has recently been recorded on Diglotta mersa (Haliday, 1837) from Belgium by De Kesel et al. (2020); the host is a rove beetle inhabiting the fine gravel under small rocks in the intertidal zone.

Collections examined from Denmark

On Carpelimus bilineatus Stephens, 1834 (Col. Staphylinidae Oxytelinae ) DENMARK – Lolland, Falster, Møn (LFM) • Hobyskov ; 54°44.069′ N, 11°15.296′ E; PF46; 25 Jan. 2018; H. Liljehult 994; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123501 . – Nordøstsjaelland (NEZ) • Stampeskov ved Rådvad ; 55°48.332′ N, 12°33.138′ E; UB48; 29 Apr. 2016; H. Liljehult 85; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122560 • ibid.; 28 Feb. 2017; H. Liljehult 361; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122844 • Vest for Trørød ; 55°50.223′ N, 12°31.185′ E; UB49; 13 Nov. 2016; JP 143; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122621 . – Sydsjaelland (SZ) • Holtug Kalkbrud ; 55°20.470′ N, 12°26.678′ E; UB33; 21 Sep. 2013; JP 349; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122831 • Tryggevaelde Å ved Varpelev ; 55°21.055′ N, 12°15.877′ E; UB23; 6 Jan. 2018; JP 972; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123479 .

On Carpelimus corticinus (Gravenhorst, 1806) (Col. Staphylinidae Oxytelinae ) DENMARK – Østjylland (EJ) • Klostermølle ; 56°2.432′ N, 9°41.629′ E; NH41; 18 Jan. 2015; JP 453; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122938 • Viemose ved Ringkloster ; 56°0.632′ N, 9°57.400′ E; NH50; 12 Mar. 2017; JP 535; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123019 . – Fyn (F) • Gyldenstens inddaemmede Strand ; 55°34.447′ N, 10°7.211′ E; NG75; 2 Apr. 2014; JP 692; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123180 . – Lolland, Falster, Møn (LFM) • Lysemose ved Maribo ; 54°46.971′ N, 11°28.959′ E; PF57; 4 Jun. 2018; JP 1131; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123654 • Røgbølle Sø ved Sørup ; 54°42.608′ N, 11°34.757′ E; PF66; 15 Oct. 2019; JP 1523; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-124278 • Vest for Bandholm ; 54°50.303′ N, 11°28.050′ E; PF57; 3 Jan. 2019; JP 1331; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123870 . – Nordvestjylland (NWJ) • Nord for Landting ved Vinderup ; 56°30.049′ N, 8°45.384′ E; MH86; 19 Jan. 2015; JP 562; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123048 . – Nordvestsjaelland (NWZ) • Flyndersø ved Dybesø ; 55°58.151′ N, 11°45.621′ E; PH60; 4 Nov. 2017; JP 724; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123217 • Halleby Å ved Bjerge Sydstrand ; 55°33.194′ N, 11°10.079′ E; PG35; 24 Oct. 2018; JP 1213; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123739 • Nordøstbredden af Tissø ; 55°35.612′ N, 11°18.461′ E; PG46; 1 May 2013; JP 763; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123257 . – Sydsjaelland (SZ) • Denderup Sø i Denderup Vaenge ; 55°15.075′ N, 11°57.366′ E; PG82; 9 Apr. 2019; JP 1424; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123970 • Even Bro ; 55°8.694′ N, 12°0.601′ E; UB11; 17 Feb. 2019; JP 1357; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123895 • Gammel Kalvehave ; 54°59.745′ N, 12°8.232′ E; UA19; 24 Mar. 2018; JP 1016; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123523 • ibid.; 25 Apr. 2019; JP 1451; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-124001 • Holtug Kalkbrud ; 55°20.470′ N, 12°26.678′ E; UB33; 6 Sep. 2019; JP 1512; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-124267 • Tryggevaelde Å ved Varpelev ; 55°21.055′ N, 12°15.877′ E; UB23; 6 Jan. 2018; JP 971; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123478 .

On Carpelimus elongatulus (Erichson, 1839) (Col. Staphylinidae Oxytelinae ) DENMARK – Østjylland (EJ) • Tange å vest for Kjellerup ; 56°17.959′ N, 9°23.462′ E; NH23; 17 Feb. 2018; JP 984; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123491 . – Fyn (F) • Gyldenstens inddaemmede Strand; 55°34.447′ N, 10°7.211′ E; NG75; 2 Apr. 2014; JP 691; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123179 . – Lolland, Falster, Møn (LFM) • Røgbølle Sø ved Sørup ; 54°42.608′ N, 11°34.757′ E; PF66; 15 Oct. 2019; JP 1522; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-124277 . – Nordøstsjaelland (NEZ) • Eriksholm Skov ; 55°41.771′ N, 11°47.912′ E; PG77; 4 Nov. 2017; JP 725; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123218 • Indelukket ved Frederiksborg Slot ; 55°56.191′ N, 12°17.861′ E; UC30; 12 Apr. 2016; JP 10; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122482 . – Nordvestjylland (NWJ) • Nord for Landting ved Vinderup ; 56°30.049′ N, 8°45.384′ E; MH86; 19 Jan. 2015; JP 563; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123049 . – Sydsjaelland (SZ) • Denderup Sø i Denderup Vaenge ; 55°15.075′ N, 11°57.366′ E; PG82; 5 May 2016; JP 493; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122977 • Gammel Kalvehave ; 54°59.745′ N, 12°8.232′ E; UA19; 24 Mar. 2018; JP 1015; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123522 • Holmegårds Mose ; 55°17.685′ N, 11°47.928′ E; PG73; 31 Mar. 2019; JP 1415; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123961 • Krobaek i Sjolte Skov ; 55°10.772′ N, 12°0.863′ E; UB11; 28 Feb. 2015; JP 445; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122930 • ibid.; 17 Feb. 2019; JP 1378; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123919 • Tryggevaelde Å ved Varpelev ; 55°21.055′ N, 12°15.877′ E; UB23; 6 Jan. 2018; JP 1594; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-124355 .

On Carpelimus erichsoni (Sharp, 1871) (Col. Staphylinidae Oxytelinae ) DENMARK – Nordøstsjaelland (NEZ) • Nordhavnstippen på Københavns Nordhavn ; 55°43.091′ N, 12°37.088′ E; UB57; 29 Apr. 2018; JP 1093; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123610 .

On Carpelimus foveolatus (Sahlberg, 1832) (Col. Staphylinidae Oxytelinae ) DENMARK – Lolland, Falster, Møn (LFM) • Vest for Bandholm ; 54°50.303′ N, 11°28.050′ E; PF57; 3 Jan. 2019; JP 1330; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123869 . – Nordøstsjaelland (NEZ) • Eriksholm Skov ; 55°41.771′ N, 11°47.912′ E; PG77; 4 Nov. 2017; JP 726; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123219 . – Nordvestjylland (NWJ) • Syd for Stårup ; 56°34.792′ N, 9°5.958′ E; NH07; 6 Feb. 2015; JP 220; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-122701 • Vest for Vinderup ; 56°28.727′ N, 8°44.810′ E; MH85; 19 Jan. 2015; JP 765; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123259 . – Sydsjaelland (SZ) • Even Bro ; 55°8.694′ N, 12°0.601′ E; UB11; 17 Feb. 2019; JP 1356; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123894 • Gammel Kalvehave ; 54°59.745′ N, 12°8.232′ E; UA19; 24 Mar. 2018; JP 1017; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123524 • Østerskov ved Langebaek ; 54°59.572′ N, 12°6.715′ E; UA19; 3 Jan. 2019; JP 1296; JP det.; ZMUC C-F-123829 .

Remarks

First record from Denmark. Cantharomyces orientalis is very variable, to the point that it can be considered a collective species. At the very least, C. thaxteri Maire and C. abbreviatus Maire may be accepted as synonyms. Cantharomyces thaxteri characterizes larger thalli, with a branched appendage. Cantharomyces abbreviatus represents a reduced form with short thalli and an unbranched appendage like those we have found on tarsi or antennae ( Fig. 77E ). Attempting to be very cautious we have not increased the list of synonyms but on this topic we should not forget other species, such as C. venetus Speg. ( Spegazzini 1915b) which was described from Italy on a “little staphylinid” (“estafilino pequeño” in Spanish in the original description); for example, Majewski (1994b), questioned this possible synonymy because of the branched appendage drawn by Spegazzini (1914: fig. 8).

There are 14 different species described on Carpelimus (very often as Trogophloeus ). Eleven of them form a confusion of forms ( Santamaria 2003): (1) C. abbreviatus , (2) C. andinus ( Thaxter 1918b) on Troglophloeus from Chile, (3) C. chilensis ( Thaxter 1918b) on Troglophloeus from Chile, (4) C. exiguus ( Thaxter 1931) on Trogophloeus and Carpelimus from Africa and Asia, (5) C. haytiensis ( Thaxter 1931) on Trogophloeus from Haiti, (6) C. orientalis , (7) C. pusillus ( Thaxter 1894) on Trogophloeus from USA, (8) C. thaxteri , (9) C. trogophloei ( Spegazzini 1917) on Trogophloeus from Argentina, (10) C. valdivianus ( Thaxter 1918b) on Troglophloeus from Chile, and (11) C. venetus . The other three species are: C. numidicus , its synonym C. japonicus , and C. robustus which are well-distinguished species. As a conclusion and in agreement with what has been mentioned in some literature ( Santamaria 2003), the countless morphological variations with intermediates of this group of species makes the delimitation of taxa impossible without the use of molecular techniques.

Figures

Fig. 77. Cantharomyces spp. A–C. C. numidicus Maire. A, C. Mature thalli. B. Appendage basal cell in detail. – D–F. C. orientalis Speg. Mature thalli. – G. C. platystethi Thaxt. Mature thallus with labelled antheridium (an). Scale bars: 50 µm. Photographs from slides ZMUC C-F-122850 (A), ZMUC C-F- 122935 (B–C), ZMUC C-F-122482 (D), ZMUC C-F-122831 (E), ZMUC C-F-123217 (F), ZMUC C-F- 124182 (G).

Fig. 107. Habitus of hosts with fungi. Some thalli are zoomed in, and others are encircled.A. Carpelimus corticinus with thalli of Cantharomyces orientalis on various parts of the body. B. Oxypoda elongatula with thalli of Monoicomyces crassicaulis on the ventral side of the last abdominal segment. Scale bars: 1 mm. (Photos: Aslak Kappel Hansen).