Modisimus cuadro, 2010
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00559.x |
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10545481 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D3130F-7A1F-741E-DC54-B9C5FA504485 |
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treatment provided by |
Valdenar (2021-08-31 20:18:35, last updated 2024-01-21 11:48:49) |
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scientific name |
Modisimus cuadro |
| status |
sp. nov. |
MODISIMUS CUADRO HUBER & FISCHER View in CoL SP. NOV.
( Figs 56 View Figures 38–62 , 78 View Figures 63–82 , 99 View Figures 94–103 , 111, 112 View Figures 104–114 , 173–175 View Figures 173–178 , 200 View Figure 200 )
Type: Male holotype from near La Toma (18°27.5 ′ N, 70°07.2 ′ W), San Cristóbal GoogleMaps Prov., Dominican Republic;
degraded forest at 70 m a.s.l., near ground, 7 November 2005 (B.A. Huber), in ZFMK (DR 5a).
Etymology: The name is derived from the Spanish cuadro (square), and refers to the square-shaped epigynum; it is used as a noun in apposition.
Diagnosis: Medium-sized species, distinguished from congeners by barely modified male chelicerae ( Fig. 174 View Figures 173–178 ; similar to M. pelejil sp. nov.), simple squareshaped epigynum ( Fig. 56 View Figures 38–62 ), and procursus shape ( Figs 99 View Figures 94–103 , 173 View Figures 173–178 ).
Male (holotype): Total length, 2.7; carapace width, 1.4. Leg 1: 22.8 (5.9 + 0.4 + 6.1 + 8.8 + 1.6); tibia 2, 4.1; tibia 3, 3.1; tibia 4, 3.8. Tibia 1 L/d: 57. Habitus similar to M. jima sp. nov. (cf. Fig. 19 View Figures 17–37 ), carapace pale ochre-yellow, with pair of light-brown marks on posterior half, and smaller indistinct pair in front of them; dark median line and wider dark median band visible through cuticle; ocular area laterally brown, clypeus with pair of brown stripes; sternum mostly light brown, whitish medially; legs light brown, tips of femora and tibiae lighter, very indistinct darker rings subdistally on femora and tibiae; abdomen bluish grey, densely covered with small black spots dorsally and laterally, with pale-bluish lines dorsally (medially) and laterally (two pairs). Ocular area elevated; thoracic furrow distinct. PME–PME, 135 Mm; PME diameter, 115 Mm; PME–ALE, 150 Mm; AME–AME, 20 Mm; AME diameter, 20 Mm. Sternum wider than long (0.8/0.6), unmodified. Chelicerae barely modified, with slightly stronger hairs proximally, and paler area with few hairs ( Fig. 174 View Figures 173–178 ). In general, palps very similar to M. kiskeya sp. nov. and M. femoratus (cf. Figs 124 View Figures 124–129 , 130 View Figures 130–135 ), but procursus with distinctive mostly membranous projections distally ( Figs 99 View Figures 94–103 , 173 View Figures 173–178 ). Legs with short spines in single rows on femur 1 (~30 spines) and femur 2 (~20); many short vertical hairs on all femora; no curved hairs; retrolateral trichobothrium on tibia 1 at 11%; prolateral trichobothrium missing on tibia 1, present on other tibiae; tarsus 1 with ~25 pseudosegments.
Variation: Tibia 1 in nine other males: 5.2–7.0 (mean 6.1). In some males, the brown marks on the carapace and/or the white-bluish lines on the abdomen are very indistinct; the male from near La Mula and two of the four males from Cuevas Pomier lack spines on femora 1 and 2, but have identical palps and chelicerae.
Female: In general, similar to male; colour variation as in males. Tibia 1 in 12 females: 4.0–4.5 (mean 4.3). Epigynum, a simple brown plate ( Fig. 56 View Figures 38–62 ); dorsal view as in Figures 78 View Figures 63–82 and 175 View Figures 173–178 , with anteriorly converging pore plates.
Distribution and habitat: Known from several localities in the Dominican Republic ( Fig. 200 View Figure 200 ). This species typically occurs close to the ground, under logs and dead leaves, and in low vegetation.
Material examined: Dominican Republic: San Cristóbal Prov., near Toma , 1♂, holotype above; same data, 4♂, 4♀ and four juveniles ( ZFMK, DR 5 About ZFMK ) ; same data, 1♀, in pure ethanol ( ZFMK, DR 100-3 About ZFMK ) ; Borbon, Cuevas Pomier , tropical deciduous forest, 200 m a.s.l., 13–28 July 1995 (S. & J. Peck), 1♂, #95-23 ( AMNH) ; same data but 28 July–5 August 1995, #95-47, 3♂ ( AMNH) . Borbon, Cuevas Pomier, Cueva Puente , twilight zone, 13 July 1995 (S. & J. Peck), 1♀, #95-24 ( AMNH) ; Borbon, Cuevas Pomier, C. Funeraria , 250 m a.s.l., 14 July 1995 (S. & J. Peck), 6♂, 2♀ and three juveniles, #95-28 ( AMNH) ; Borbon, Cuevas Pomier, Cueva La Ligua , 13 July 1995 (S. & J. Peck), 1♂, #95-25 (part) ( AMNH) . Distrito Nacional, Santo Domingo, Jardín Botánico (18°29.7 ′ N, 69°57.2 ′ W), forest along brook, 50 m a.s.l., low vegetation, near ground, 27 November 2005 (B.A. Huber), 3♀ ( ZFMK, DR 108 About ZFMK ) GoogleMaps ; Jardín Botánico , under roof of shelter, 18–22 March 1984 (H. & L. Levi), 1♂ and 2♀ ( MCZ) . Peravia Prov., near Nizao (18°36.0 ′ N, 70°29.2 ′ W), degraded forest along river, 670 m a.s.l., 19 November 2005 (B.A. Huber), 1♂ ( ZFMK, DR 78 About ZFMK ) GoogleMaps . Monte Plata Prov., near Monte Plata (18°48.7 ′ N, 69°47.1 ′ W), degraded forest along river, 60 m a.s.l., near ground, 21 November 2005 (B.A. Huber), 1♂, 2♀ ( ZFMK, DR 92 About ZFMK ) GoogleMaps . San Pedro de Macorís Prov., near La Mula (18°30.2 ′ N, 69°36.7 ′ W), degraded forest at entrance to cave, 30 m a.s.l., 26 November 2005 (B.A. Huber), 1♂ and 2♀ ( ZFMK, DR 107 About ZFMK ) GoogleMaps . La Romana Prov., forest at Rio Chavón (18°26.5 ′ N, 68°53.3 ′ W), 20 m a.s.l., 23 November 2005 (B.A. Huber), 2♀ and one juvenile ( ZFMK, DR 101 About ZFMK ) GoogleMaps . La Vega Prov., 10 km north-east of Jarabacoa Raquet Club , 550 m a.s.l., mixed forest, 20 July–4 August 1995 (S. & J. Peck), 3♂ and one juvenile #95-37 ( AMNH) . María Trinidad Sánchez Prov., near La Entrada, forest above rocks at Santuario de La Virgen (19°34.9 ′ N, 69°54.0 ′ W), 15 m a.s.l., 12 November 2005 (B.A. Huber), 1♀ ( ZFMK, DR 42 About ZFMK ) GoogleMaps .
Figure 200. Known distributions of Modisimus cienaga sp. nov. and species that are not yet assigned to any species group.
Figures 38–62. Epigyna in ventral view. 38. M. femoratus (arrow points to frontal sclerite). 39. M. jima sp. nov. 40. M. angulatus sp. nov. 41. M. kiskeya sp. nov. 42. M. toma sp. nov. 43. M. vittatus (arrow points to distinctive posterior sclerite). 44. M. makandal sp. nov. 45. M. fuscus. 46. M. epepye sp. nov. 47. M. seguin sp. nov. 48. M. roumaini sp. nov. 49, 50. M. enriquillo sp. nov. from near Polo (49) and from south of Barahona (50) (arrows point to sternum apophyses). 51, 52. M. tiburon sp. nov. 53. M. leprete sp. nov. 54. M. macaya sp. nov. 55. M. bachata sp. nov. 56. M. cuadro sp. nov. 57. M. pelejil sp. nov. 58. M. mango sp. nov. 59. M. berac sp. nov. 60. M. palvet sp. nov. 61. M. miri sp. nov. 62. M. paraiso sp. nov.
Figures 63–82. Cleared and stained epigyna in dorsal view. 63. M. femoratus. 64. M. jima sp. nov. 65. M. toma sp. nov. 66. M. vittatus. 67. M. makandal sp. nov. 68. M. fuscus. 69. M. epepye sp. nov. 70. M. seguin sp. nov. 71. M. roumaini sp. nov. 72. M. enriquillo sp. nov. 73. M. tiburon sp. nov. 74. M. leprete sp. nov. 75. M. macaya sp. nov. 76. M. mariposas sp. nov. 77. M. bachata sp. nov. 78. M. cuadro sp. nov. 79. M. pelejil sp. nov. 80. M. mango sp. nov. 81. M. berac sp. nov. 82. M. miri sp. nov.
Figures 94–103. SEM images of selected characters. 94. Left procursus, retrolateral view (M. femoratus). 95. Right procursus and distal bulbal elements, retrolaterodorsal view (M. kiskeya sp. nov.). 96. Left palp, retrolateral view (M. toma sp. nov.). 97 Right procursus and distal bulbal elements, distal view (M. toma sp. nov.). 98. Left procursus, retrolateral view (M. seguin sp. nov.). 99. Left procursus, retrolateral view (M. cuadro sp. nov.). 100. Right procursus and distal bulbal elements, distal view (M. cienaga sp. nov.). 101. Palpal tarsal organ (M. cienaga sp. nov.). 102. Bulb with putative sperm duct opening (M. cienaga sp. nov.). 103. Left procursus tip, retrolateral view (M. cienaga sp. nov.). Abbreviations: b, genital bulb; ba, bulbal apophysis; p, procursus. Scale bars: 8 Mm (101); 30 Mm (100, 102, 103); 60 Mm (94, 95, 97); 100 Mm (96, 98, 99).
Figures 104–114. SEM images of selected characters. 104–107. Epigynum of M. femoratus, ventral view, without plug (104), ventroposterior view, with plug (105), and ventral views, with plug (106, 107). 108–110. Epigynum of M. toma sp. nov., ventral view without plug (108), ventral view with plug (109), and ventroposterior view with plug (110). 111, 112. Epigynum of M. cuadro sp. nov., ventral (111) and ventroposterior (112) views. 113, 114. Epigyna of M. cienaga sp. nov. (113) and M. palvet sp. nov. (114), ventral views. Abbreviation: gp, ‘genital plug’. Scale bars: 100 Mm (104, 105, 107–114); 200 Mm (106).
Figures 173–178. Diagnostic characters. 173–175. Modisimus cuadro sp. nov. 173. Left procursus, retrolateral view. 174. Male chelicerae, frontal view. 175. Cleared epigynum, dorsal view. 176–178. Modisimus pelejil sp. nov. 176. Left palp, retrolateral view. 177. Male chelicerae, frontal view. 178. Cleared epigynum, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (175, 178), 0.3 mm (173, 174, 176, 177).
Figures 17–37. Habitus photos of males (except 33), showing typical and distinctive characters. 17, 18. M. femoratus. 19. M. jima sp. nov. 20. M. kiskeya sp. nov. 21, 22. M. angulatus sp. nov. 23, 24. M. epepye sp. nov. 25. M. mango sp. nov. 26. M. cienaga sp. nov. 27–29. M. seguin sp. nov. (arrows point to callus-like area). 30–34. M. vittatus. 35. M. palvet sp. nov. 36. M. berac sp. nov. 37. M. paraiso sp. nov.
Figures 124–129. Diagnostic characters. 124–126. Modisimus femoratus. 124. Left palp, retrolateral view. 125. Male chelicerae, frontal view. 126. Cleared epigynum, dorsal view. 127, 128. Modisimus jima sp. nov. 127. Left palp, retrolateral view (arrows point to ventral notch on procursus and dorsal apophysis on bulb). 128. Male chelicerae, frontal view. 129. Modisimus angulatus sp. nov., male chelicerae, frontal view. Scale bars: 0.3 mm.
Figures 130–135. Diagnostic characters. 130–132. Modisimus kiskeya sp. nov. 130. Left palp, retrolateral view. 131. Male chelicerae, frontal view. 132. Cleared epigynum, dorsal view. 133–135. Modisimus toma sp. nov. 133. Left palp, retrolateral view. 134. Male chelicerae, frontal view. 135. Cleared epigynum, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.3 mm.
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