Ophiomyia coniceps (Malloch)

Eiseman, Charles S. & Lonsdale, Owen, 2018, New state and host records for Agromyzidae (Diptera) in the United States, with the description of thirty new species, Zootaxa 4479 (1), pp. 1-156 : 19

Ophiomyia coniceps (Malloch)

( Fig. 86 )

Material examined. MASSACHUSETTS: Hampshire Co., Granby , Mt. Norwottuck , 27.iii.2012, em . 11.iv– 24.iv.2012, C.S. Eiseman, ex Antennaria plantaginifolia (5♂ 3♀); OKLAHOMA: Payne Co., Mehan , 36.014339° N, 96.996744° W, 10.xii.2015, em . 15.i.2016, M.W. Palmer, ex Antennaria plantaginifolia , mines radiating from petiole, #CSE2214, CNC653970–653972 (2♂ 1♀); 12.xii.2015, em. by 12.i.2016, M.W. Palmer, ex Antennaria plantaginifolia , mines not radiating from petiole, #CSE2216, CNC653988 (1♂); 14.i.2016, em. by 10–16.ii.2016, M.W. Palmer, ex Antennaria plantaginifolia , #CSE2237, CNC654000–654002 (3♂); 27.ii.2017, em. 18.iii– 15.vi.2017, C.S. Eiseman, ex Antennaria plantaginifolia , puparia at/near base of leaf blade or in petiole, #CSE3229, CNC939913–939917 (3♂ 2♀).

Tentatively identified material. ALABAMA: Colbert Co., Tuscumbia , Cane Creek Canyon Nature Preserve , 7.iv.2013, em. 18.iv.2013, C.S. Eiseman, ex Antennaria plantaginifolia , puparium in petiole, #CSE311, CNC384809 (1♀) .

Hosts. Asteraceae : * Antennaria plantaginifolia (L.) Richardson, Sonchus asper (L.) Hill. ( Malloch 1915). We have seen probable leaf mines of this species on A. howellii Greene and A. neglecta Greene.

Leaf mine. ( Fig. 86 ) On Antennaria , the mines typically consist of broad, branching tracks emanating from the petiole. Some Oklahoma specimens were reared from contorted linear mines, branching or not, that did not involve the petiole. Frass is in discrete grains and small, irregular lumps. The type specimen was reared from a larva “mining in Sonchus asper ” in Utah. Malloch (1915) did not say more than this about the larval feeding habit, and no other reared specimens have been cited by subsequent authors. Frost (1924) incorrectly cited Malloch (1915) as stating that this species was reared from leaves; Frick (1959) stated that O. coniceps is a stem miner, and this was repeated by Spencer (1969, 1981) and Spencer & Steyskal (1986).

Puparium. Whitish to dark brown; on Antennaria , formed within the petiole or leaf blade, with the anterior spiracles projecting through the upper epidermis.

Distribution. USA: CA, IN, LA, *MA, *OK, UT; Canada: BC, MB, ON, QC, SK. Beyond our tentatively identified female from AL, we have seen probable leaf mines of this species (including photographs submitted to www.BugGuide.net) in CT, IA, and WI.

Comments. Spencer & Steyskal (1986) included what appears to be the mine of this species in their list of unidentified leaf mines. Mines on Antennaria plantaginifolia containing larvae were found in Arkansas in mid- May: “The larva feeds primarily in the midrib forming offshoots into the leaf blade, pupating at the leaf mine. The species probably belongs to the Phytomyza robustella group, but unfortunately no adults were reared.” Their illustration shows branching tracks emanating from the petiole rather than the midrib.

Figures

FIGURES 83–96. larval mines; 83: Ophiomyia congregata (Malloch) in Prenanthes altissima, spring leaf mine; 84: same, petiole mine; 85: same, autumn leaf mine; 86: O. coniceps (Malloch) leaf mine in Antennaria plantaginifolia; 87: O. euthamiae spec. nov. leaf mine in Euthamia graminifolia, upper surface, with puparium near leaf apex; 88: lower surface portion of same mine; 89: O. maura (Meigen) leaf mine in Solidago caesia; 90: same, lower surface portion with puparium; 91: O. mimuli spec. nov. stem mine in Mimulus ringens; 92: same, leaf mine; 93: same, puparium in leaf mine (on midrib); 94: O. nasuta (Melander) leaf mine in Taraxacum officinale; 95: O. parda spec. nov. leaf mine in Symphyotrichum laeve; 96: same, lower surface portion with puparium.