Cerodontha (Butomomyza) angulata (Loew)
publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4479.1.1 |
publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:93C84828-6EEF-4758-BEA1-97EEEF115245 |
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5997735 |
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D287EF-FF86-E46D-A8E5-51094235FBD4 |
treatment provided by |
Plazi |
scientific name |
Cerodontha (Butomomyza) angulata (Loew) |
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Cerodontha (Butomomyza) angulata (Loew) View in CoL
( Figs. 22 View FIGURE 22–29 , 124–125 View FIGURES 124–132 )
Material examined. MASSACHUSETTS: Franklin Co., Northfield, 42.648774, -72.429433, 26.x.2015, em . 30.iii–3.v.2016, C.S. Eiseman, ex Carex , pupation external, #CSE2296, CNC654203–654211 (1♂ 8♀); same collection data, em. 17.iv.2016, pupation internal, #CSE2400, CNC654195 View Materials (1♀); 276 Old Wendell Rd. , 1.xi.2015, em. 3.v.2016, C.S. Eiseman, ex Carex , pupation external, #CSE2443, CNC654170 (1♀); 18.vii.2016, puparium 19.vii.2016, em. 4.viii.2016, C.S. Eiseman, ex Dichanthelium clandestinum , #CSE2842, CNC654169 (1♂); 23.vii.2016, em. 11.viii.2016, C.S. Eiseman, ex Scirpus hattorianus , #CSE2868, CNC659970 View Materials (1♀); Hampshire Co., Northampton , 42.366360, -72.671754 , 15.vi.2017, em. 6.vii.2017, C.S. Eiseman, ex Carex stipata , #CSE3899, CNC939710 View Materials (1♀); Pelham, Quarry St. , 4.vii.2013, em. 18.vii.2013, C.S. Eiseman, ex Dichanthelium clandestinum , #CSE713, CNC392665 (1♂); Pelham, Butter Hill Wildlife Sanctuary, 19.iv.2015, em. 8.v.2015, C.S. Eiseman, ex Luzula , #CSE1543, CNC564618 View Materials (1♀); Nantucket Co., Nantucket , 41.289665, -70.010519 , 30.vii.2017, em. 18.viii.2017, C.S. Eiseman, ex Carex crinita , #CSE4140, CNC939651 View Materials (1♂); Worcester Co., Charlton, Flint Rd. , 21.ix.2016, em. 25.ix.2016, C.S. Eiseman, ex Dichanthelium clandestinum , #CSE3010, CNC638884 View Materials (1♀); NORTH CAROLINA: Durham Co., Durham, Leigh Farm Park , 9.v.2017, em. 13.vi.2017, T.S. Feldman, ex Dichanthelium , #CSE3826, CNC939783 (1♂); 14.vi.2017, em. 3.vii.2017, T.S. Feldman, ex Dichanthelium , #CSE3891, CNC939773 View Materials (1♂); Pelham Road , 13.v.2017, em. 3–6.vi.2017, T.S. Feldman, ex Dichanthelium acuminatum ssp. acuminatum , #CSE3784, CNC939827–939829 View Materials (1♂ 2♀); Sandy Creek Park , 16.v.2017, em. 8.vi.2017, T.S. Feldman, ex Dichanthelium , #CSE3806, CNC939841 View Materials (1♀); Scotland Co., Laurinburg, St. Andrews University , 10.i.2017, em. 15.ii.2017, T.S. Feldman, ex Carex , #CSE3150, CNC939737 (1♀); 18.i.2017, em. 6.iii.2017, T.S. Feldman, ex Dichanthelium , #CSE3158, CNC939751 View Materials (1♂); WASHINGTON: Jefferson Co. , 10.x.2012, em. 4.v.2013, C.S. Eiseman, ex broad-leaved wetland Carex , #CSE412, CNC358502 (1♂); 11.x.2012, em. 20.v.2013, C.S. Eiseman, ex narrow-leaved upland Carex , #CSE528, CNC358501 (1♂).
Hosts. Cyperaceae : Carex * crinita Lam., C. * stipata Muhl. ex Willd. , Scirpus * hattorianus Makino ; * Juncaceae : Luzula DC.; * Poaceae : Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & C. A. Clark , D. clandestinum (L.) Gould.
Leaf mine. ( Figs. 124–125 View FIGURES 124–132 ) On Carex and Scirpus ( Fig. 125 View FIGURES 124–132 ) the mine is whitish, and the larva moves up and down the leaf to form an irregular secondary blotch. Frass is deposited in a few large, black lumps. In our experience “long, narrow, yellowish” ( Spencer & Steyskal 1986) is not a good characterization of the mines of this species. The mine on Dichanthelium ( Fig. 124 View FIGURES 124–132 ) begins with a dark, trumpet-shaped area along the midrib, and the larva initially mines toward the apex of the leaf. A single blackish patch of frass is deposited at the point where the larva reverses direction. The upper surface mines are greenish-white, with some reddish discolored patches (in some cases covering the majority of the mine surface). We have also found a single example of a lower surface mine that was white throughout (without reddish patches), beginning with a similar dark, trumpet-shaped area along the midrib, and likewise with all the frass in a patch where the larva turned around near the leaf tip. Mines on Luzula are whitish with reddish discolored patches, occupying most or all of the leaf when complete.
Puparium. ( Figs. 22 View FIGURE 22–29 , 124 View FIGURES 124–132 ) Oval, yellowish-brown to blackish-brown; glued with frass inside the mine or formed outside, frequently lightly attached to the leaf surface near the end of the mine ( Spencer & Steyskal 1986; Ellis 2016). In the Carex examples we collected in Washington, the puparium was formed within the mine (in one instance, the larva was accidentally ejected from the mine during collection, and it pupariated soon afterward). On Carex in Massachusetts, one puparium was formed within a mine and the rest were either found loosely attached near the bases of the leaves in the field or formed externally in rearing vials. In our experience, pupation has usually been outside the mine on the other host genera. On Dichanthelium , the puparium is sometimes found on the upper leaf surface a short distance from the end of the mine ( Fig. 124 View FIGURES 124–132 ); in one instance it was directly on top of a split in the mine surface through which the larva had emerged, with a torn flap of the upper epidermis overlying part of the puparium; several of the North Carolina specimens pupated within the mine. The single puparium from Luzula was found loosely attached near the base of a mined leaf at the time of collection.
Distribution. Probably present in most states; Canada: AB, ON; Europe.
Comments. This species is known to mine many species of Carex (and rarely Scirpus sylvaticus L.) in Europe ( Ellis 2016), but together with that of Cerodontha scirpi (below), ours are apparently the first rearings of any species of Cerodontha (Butomomyza) in North America.
Additional rearing and study of this species is required as there appears to be some variation indicative of additional undescribed species, but the males examined appear to agree with the paralectotype illustrated in Spencer & Steyskal (1986). The phallus of one Carex -reared male (#CSE528) is somewhat paler, however, with the apical swellings of the mesophallus and distiphallus slightly less pronounced. The basal stalk-like section of the mesophallus of the male reared from broad-leaved wetland Carex (#CSE412) is also shorter, but this may be due to the fact that it died before adult development was complete.
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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Phytomyzinae |
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