Anomala eucoma Bates, 1888

Filippini, Valentina, Micó, Estefania & Galante, Eduardo, 2013, Redescription of Anomala eucoma Bates, 1888 and a description of three new species from Costa Rica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae), Zootaxa 3670 (2), pp. 255-273 : 257-264

Anomala eucoma Bates, 1888

( Fig. 2 )

Material examined: Lectotype (here designated): 1ɞ "Syn-type / Type / Las Mercedes, 3000 ft. Champion. / Anomala eucoma Bates (handwritten) / B.C.A., Col., II(2) Anomala " ( BMNH). Paralectotypes: 1ɞ "Las Mercedes, 3000 ft. Champion. / Anomala eucoma Bates (handwritten) / H.W. Bates Biol. Cent. Amer." ( MNHN). ɞ "Las Mercedes, 3000 ft. Champion. / eucoma Bates (handwritten) / H.W. Bates Biol. Cent. Amer." ( MNHN). 1ɞ "SYN- TYPE / Costa Rica. V.P. (handwritten) / Locality doubtful (handwritten) / B. C. A., Col. II (2) Anomala " ( BMNH); 1ɞ "SYN-TYPE / Costa Rica / Salle Coll. / 1195 / Anomala eucoma Bates (handwritten) / Isonychus sp. apud Sallé (handwritten) / B. C. A., Col. II (2) Anomala " ( BMNH). 1ɞ "Pantaleon, 1700 ft. Champion / Anomala eucoma (handwritten) / B. C. A., Col. II (2) Anomala ". 1Ƥ "San Isidro, 1600 ft. Champion / Anomala eucoma (handwritten) / B. C. A., Col. II (2) Anomala ".

Additional material: 1ɞ " MUSEO DE INSECTOS UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA, COSTA RICA, PROV. (printed) San José U.C.R. 12–XI–64. G. Fuentes (handwritten) / Anomala ? id: Sullivan 86" ( MUCR); 1ɞ " MUSEO DE INSECTOS UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA, COSTA RICA, PROV. (printed) San José Univ. de Costa Rica San Pedro, San José. Alt. 1200 m. 10–oct 1968. P.L. Kazan (handwritten) / Anomala sp. Id: D. Corde 1994" ( MUCR); 1ɞ "Amubri, A.C. Amistad, Prov. Limon, COSTA RICA. 70 m. 4–30 Abr 1994, G. Gallardo, L S 385500_578100 # 2822 / COSTA RICA INBIOCRI001785409"; 1Ƥ "Amubri, Prov. Limón, COSTA RICA. 70m. 1–22 JUN 1995. G. Gallardo, L S 385000 578100 #5333 / COSTA RICA INBIOCRI002235510"; 1ɞ "Amubri, Talamanca., A.C. Amistad, Prov. Limón, COSTA RICA. 70 m. 6–28 Jun 1994, G. Gallardo, L N 385000_578100 #3006 / COSTA RICA INBIOCRI001875336"; 1Ƥ "Amubri, A.C. Amistad, Prov. Limon, COSTA RICA. 70 m. 2–31 May 1994, G. Gallardo, L N 385000_578100 # 2928 / CEUA 00105270"; 1ɞ "Amubri, Prov. Limón, COSTA RICA. 70m. 1–22 Oct 1994. G. Gallardo, L S 385500 578000 #3266 / COSTA RICA INBIOCRI002008852"; 1ɞ "Amubri, Prov. Limón, COSTA RICA. 70m. 3–9 SET 1994. G.M. Gallardo, L S 385500 578000 #3201 / COSTA RICA INBIOCRI002018611"; 1ɞ "Amubri, A.C. Amistad, Prov. Limon, COSTA RICA. 70 m. 4–21 Dec 1993, G. Gallardo, L S 385500_578100 # 2480 / CEUA 00105271"; 1ɞ "Est. Sirena, P. N. Corcovado, 0 – 100m, Prov. Punt., COSTA RICA. N. Obando, Jun 1990, L- S 270500 _508300 / COSTA RICA INBIOCRI000644524"; 1ɞ "Est Sirena, Corcovado N. P., Puntarenas Prov. COSTA RICA, 0–100m, Jan. 1990, G. Fonseca, L_S_ 270500 _508300 / COSTA RICA INBIOCRI000198374"; 1ɞ "Sirena, Corcovado N. P. Puntarenas Province COSTA RICA. 0 – 100m. G. Fonseca, Dic 1989, L- S 270500 _508300 / COSTA RICA INBIOCRI000203726"; 1ɞ "Est. Sirena, P. N. Corcovado, 0–100m, Prov. Punt., COSTA RICA F. Quesada, Jun 1990, L- S 270500 _508300 / COSTA RICA INBIOCRI000376353"; 1ɞ "Est. Sirena, P. N. Corcovado, 0 –100m, Prov. Punt., COSTA RICA, G. Fonseca, Oct 1989, L- S 270500 _508300 / COSTA RICA INBIOCRI000446957"; 1ɞ "Est. Sirena, 0–100m, P. N. Corcovado, Prov. Puntarenas, Costa Rica, G. Rodriguez, Abr 1992, L- S 270500 _508300 / CEUA 00105265"; 1Ƥ "Est. Sirena, 0–100m, P. N. Corcovado, Prov. Punt., COSTA RICA, G. Fonseca, Ene 1992, L- S 270500 _508300 / COSTA RICA INBIOCRI000506778"; 1ɞ "Est. Sirena, P. N. Corcovado, 0–100m, Prov. Punt., COSTA RICA. N. Obando, Jun 1990, L- S 270500 _508300 / COSTA RICA INBIOCRI000644521"; 1Ƥ "Est. Sirena, 0–100m, P. N. Corcovado, Prov. Puntarenas, Costa Rica, Jun 1992, G. Fonseca, L -S 270500 _508300 / CEUA 00105264"; 1ɞ "Est. Sirena, 0–100m, P. N. Corcovado, Prov. Puntarenas, Costa Rica, Jun 1992, G. Fonseca, L -S 270500 _508300 / COSTA RICA INBIOCRI000714400"; 1Ƥ " COSTA RICA. Prov. Puntarenas. P.N. Corcovado, Est. Sirena. 0– 100m. 21 FEB 2004. E. Holzer. C. Libre. L_S_ 270850 _509176 #92946 / INB0004129881 INBIOCRI COSTA RICA "; 1Ƥ " COSTA RICA. Prov. Puntarenas. P.N. Corcovado, Est. Sirena. 0– 100m. 21 FEB 2004. E. Holzer. C. Libre. L_S_ 270850 _509176 #92946 / INB0004129887 INBIOCRI COSTA RICA "; 1ɞ " COSTA RICA. Prov. Puntarenas. P.N. Corcovado, Est. Sirena. 0– 100m. 21 FEB 2004. E. Holzer. C. Libre. L_S_ 270850 _509176 #92946 / INB0004129886 INBIOCRI COSTA RICA "; 1ɞ " COSTA RICA. Prov. Puntarenas. P.N. Corcovado, Est. Sirena. 0– 100m. 21 FEB 2004. E. Holzer. C. Libre. L_S_ 270850 _509176 #92946 / INB0004129883 INBIOCRI COSTA RICA "; 1 ɞ "Est. Palo Verde, 10m, Ref. Nac. Fauna Silv. R. L. Rodriguez, Prov. Guan., COSTA RICA, D. Acevedo, Jun 1991, L- N 259000_388400 / COSTA RICA INBIOCRI000652257"; 1ɞ "Est. Palo Verde, 10m, Ref. Nac. Fauna Silv. R. L. Rodriguez, Prov. Guan., COSTA RICA, D. Acevedo, Jun 1991, L- N 259000_388400 / COSTA RICA INBIOCRI000652258"; 1ɞ "Est. Las Pailas, 800m, P. N. Rincon de la Vieja, Prov. Guanacaste, Costa Rica, 1 a 22 jul 1992, D. Garcia, L- N 306300_388600 / COSTA RICA INBIOCRI000713719"; 1ɞ "Fca. Jenny, 30 km N de Liberia, P. N. Guanacaste, Prov. Guanacaste, Costa Rica, 20 ago a 12 set 1992, E. Araya, L N 316200_364400 / COSTA RICA INBIOCRI000849675"; 1ɞ "Est. Las Pailas, 800 m, P.N. Rincon de la Vieja, Prov. Guan. COSTA RICA. 15 May–11 Jun 1993, K. E. Taylor, L- N 306300_388600 / CEUA 00105267"; 1ɞ "Finca Jenny, 30 km N de Liberia, P.N. Guanacaste, Prov. Guana, COSTA RICA. 300m. Mar 1991. R. Espinoza, L N 316200_364400 # 1678 / COSTA RICA INBIOCRI001693034"; 1ɞ "Fca. Jenny, 300m, 31 Km N. Liberia, Guanacaste Prov. COSTA RICA, Nov 1988 GNP Biodiversity Survey W85 34 27 ", N10 51 55 " / COSTA RICA INBIOCRI002517326"; 1ɞ "Estac. Maritza, 600 m, W side Volcan Orosi Guanac. Pr. COSTA RICA. June 1988. Janzen & Hallwachs W85 29`37". N10 57`39" / COSTA RICA INBIOCRI002517343"; 1ɞ "Estac. Maritza, 600 m, W side Volcan Orosi Guanac. Pr. COSTA RICA. June 1988. Janzen & Hallwachs W85 29`37". N10 57`39" / COSTA RICA INBIOCRI002517348"; 1Ƥ "Tierras Morenas, 700m, Prov. Guan., COSTA RICA. May 1993. G. Rodriguez. L-N-283950, 424500 / COSTA RICA INBIOCRI001180822"; 1Ƥ "Tierras Morenas, 700m, Prov. Guan., COSTA RICA. May 1993. G. Rodriguez. L-N-283950, 424500 / COSTA RICA INBIOCRI001180834"; 1ɞ "Est. Las Pailas, P.N. Rincón de la Vieja, A.C. Guanacaste, Prov. Guana. COSTA RICA. 800 m. 8–26 May 1994. K.E. Taylor, L N 306300_388600 #2912 / COSTA RICA INBIOCRI001861399"; 1ɞ "Est. Las Pailas, P.N. Rincón de la Vieja, A.C. Guanacaste, Prov. Guana. COSTA RICA. 800 m. 8–26 May 1994. K.E. Taylor, L N 306300_388600 #2912 / COSTA RICA INBIOCRI001861400"; 1Ƥ "Est. Las Pailas, P.N. Rincón de la Vieja, A.C. Guanacaste, Prov. Guana. COSTA RICA. 800 m. 8–26 May 1994. K.E. Taylor, L N 306300_388600 #2912 / COSTA RICA INBIOCRI001861401"; 1Ƥ "Est. Las Pailas, P.N. Rincón de la Vieja, A.C. Guanacaste, Prov. Guana. COSTA RICA. 800 m. 7–26 May 1994. D. García, L N 306300_388600 #2910 / COSTA RICA INBIOCRI001879319"; 1Ƥ "Est. Las Pailas, P.N. Rincón de la Vieja, Prov. Guanacaste, Costa Rica. 800 m. 19 Jun– 1 Jul 1993. D. G. García, L N 306300_388600 #2189 / COSTA RICA INBIOCRI001967801"; 1Ƥ "Est. Las Pailas, P.N. Rincón de la Vieja, Prov. Guana. COSTA RICA. 800 m. 16–24 Ago 1993. D. García, L N 306300_388600 #2268 / CEUA 00105266".

Description. Male. Body shape oval. Length 12.15 mm. Width 6.90 mm. Head, pronotum, scutellum, and pygidium dark brown; legs and underside reddish brown; elytra dark brown with two slightly lighter horizontal bands (along anterior margin and on elytral disc). Surface covered with fine, blond setae.

Clypeus trapezoidal, densely punctate-reticulate; ratio width/length 1.91. Anterior angles rounded. Frons densely punctate, flat, with apparent boundary with vertex (due to an abrupt change in inclination of the two surfaces) ( Fig. 6 a). Ocular canthum long and thin, with rounded apex. Interocular ratio (interocular width/width of eye): 3.15.

Pronotum trapezoidal, width 1.57 times length. Lateral margins forming an obtuse angle at 1/3 of pronotum length. Anterior angles right and sharp, posterior angles obtuse and rounded. Basal margin thin and complete, sinuate. Entire surface with deep punctures.

Scutellum sub-pentagonal in shape, with rounded sides and acute apex, ratio width/length 1.26; sparsely punctate.

Elytra with defined costae and interstices with sparse, large punctures, somewhat obliterated by the numerous and smaller setae-bearing punctures. Lateral margin convex, larger at base, disappearing on apex. Marginal membrane almost complete.

Pygidium finely granulate, with longer setae at hind margins. Triangular in shape. Slightly convex in lateral view. Ratio width/length 1.58.

Metasternal disc sulcated, with setigerous punctures on the entire surface. Space between the mesocoxae narrow, slightly convex, width 0.25 mm. Mesometasternal suture well defined, at base of mesocoxae.

Abdominal sternites with 5–8 irregular transverse rows of setae, concentrated on bottom on sternites 2–4. Surface with elongate punctures that coalesce at sides. Male last sternite strigate, with apical margin well defined and rounded.

Protibia with 2 teeth ( Fig. 7 ), apical tooth long and curved; second tooth at the same level of internal apex of protibia, triangular in shape, acute. Metatibia stout, slightly narrower subapically. Ratio length/width 2.93. First carina somewhat obliterated by elongate and dense punctures, which become rugose below second carina.

Protarsal claws: external claw strongly curved; ratio length/height: 2.01; internal claw bifurcate, with upper branch slightly shorter and half the width of the lower one. Inferior margin slightly sinuate.

Aedeagus ( Figs 11–13 ): parameres short and wide, with inferior margin slightly sinuate. Endophallus ( Fig. 26 ) with one long sacculus with sclerotized setae in a wide patch on apex; a ring of short but thick setae is present subapically. The rest of surface is covered by microsetation. A smaller diverticle is present at base. Gonopore opening ventrally at basal third.

Female ( Costa Rica): Similar to males. Apical tooth of protibia longer and wider than in male. Inferior margin of internal protarsal claw straight. Metatibia wider than in males. Last abdominal sternite with curved margin.

Variation: Body length 8.44–12.62 mm, body width 4.87–6.93 mm. Clypeus w/l: 1.75–2.05. Interocular ratio (interocular width/width of eye): 2.80–3.73. Antenna: ratio funiculus/club 0.66–0.75. Pronotum w/l: 1.54–1.67. Scutellum w/l: 1.21–1.48. Pygidium w/l: 1.53–1.78. Width between mesocoxae: 0.15–0.27 mm. Metatibia w/l: 2.35–3.08. External claw l/h: 1.32–2.01. Colour on head, pronotum, scutellum, and pygidium from greenish to reddish to bronze brown.

Three different populations are present in Costa Rica, with defined geographic ranges ( Fig. 33 ), each presenting subtle differences with the others and the specimens from Las Mercedes, Guatemala. The two paralectotypes from Costa Rica and the specimens from San Pedro (Universidad de Costa Rica, near San José, Central Valley) and Amubri (the Talamanca mountain range) are similar in size (body length 11.45–12.62 mm, width 5.94–6.93 mm; Guatemalan specimens: body length 11.74–12.53 mm, width 6.71–6.90 mm) but are paler in colour; the frons gradually curving towards vertex ( Fig. 6 b), clypeus trapezoidal with lateral sides straight. This is in contrast to the Las Mercedes specimens, where they are curved, with basal half perpendicular to the base (see Fig. 6 ). Other differences are: less curved external protarsal claw, metatibia punctate above first carina, which is well defined, slender parameres ( Figs. 14 ) and shorter and narrower endophallus ( Fig. 27 ).

The specimens from the Guanacaste province are smaller in size (body length 9.31–9.96 mm, width 5.05–5.93 mm), with frons gradually curving towards vertex, metatibia punctate above first carina, which is well defined, narrower apical angle of parameres ( Fig. 15 ), thinner setation on endophallus ( Fig. 28 ). The paralectotypes from Pantaleon and San Isidro, Guatemala, are more similar to these specimens in size and genitalia than to the ones from Las Mercedes.

The specimens from the Osa peninsula (P.N. Corcovado) are also smaller in size (body length 8.44–9.90 mm, width 4.87–5.63 mm), with frons gradually curving towards vertex, metatibia punctate above first carina, which is well defined, slender parameres with sinuate ventral margin ( Fig. 16 ), endophallus without patches of sclerotized setae ( Fig. 29 ).

Diagnosis. Anomala eucoma is separated from similar species by the combination of the following characters: two dark bands on elytra, parameres pentagonal in shape, with dorsal and ventral margin not strongly sinuate, endophallus with one long sacculus. It can easily be separated from A. amphicoma , about the same size and dorsally setose, by the latter having the following characteristics: a metallic green pronotum in most specimens, covered by velvety dense setae; the pronotum is largest at 1/3 of height, with base narrower than elytra; elytra uniformly dark in colour, shorter parameres with sinuate ventral margin, endophallus with two long sacculi. It is differentiated from A. flavacoma by size ( A. flavacoma has an intermediate size between the larger and smaller specimens of A. eucoma ) and its darker colour, proportionally narrower scutellum, endophallus with one narrow and long sacculus and lack of thick setae, in contrast to the two short sacculi of A. flavacoma . It can be distinguished from A. pseudoeucoma by the longer and more curved apical tooth in male protibia; more convex intermesocoxal space, shorter parameres, endophallus with one long sacculus and lack of thick setae, instead of the two sacculi with patches of thick setae of A. pseudoeucoma . Anomala megaparamera is similar in size and colour to the Osa and Guanacaste populations, but A. megaparamera has a proportionally wider pygidium, aedeagus with proportionally larger parameres, endophallus with several inflations and diverticles and copiously covered with setae.

Distribution. Guatemala: Las Mercedes; Costa Rica: Guanacaste and the Talamanca mountain ranges; Central Valley; Parque Nacional Corcovado, in the Osa peninsula ( Fig. 33 ).

Figures

FIGURE 6. Head of a: Anomala eucoma (paralectotype, Las Mercedes, Guatemala) and b: A. eucoma (paralectotype, precise locality unknown, Costa Rica). Scale = 1 mm.

FIGURE 33. Distribution of Anomala eucoma in Costa Rica, with populations differentiated.

FIGURES 2 – 5. Habitus images. 2: Anomala eucoma (paralectotype, Las Mercedes, Guatemala). 3: A. flavaeucoma (female paratype, Estación Hitoy Cerere, Costa Rica). 4. A. megaparamera (holotype). 5: A. pseudoeucoma (holotype). Scale = 5 mm.

FIGURES 7 – 10. Shape of protibia in 7: Anomala eucoma (paralectotype, Las Mercedes, Guatemala); 8: A. flavacoma (3 holotype, Ƥ Hitoy Cerere, Costa Rica); 9: A. megaparamera (3 holotype, Ƥ paratype, Cuatro Esquinas, Costa Rica); 10: A. pseudoeucoma (3 holotype, Ƥ paratype, Reserva de San Ramón, Costa Rica). Scale = 1 mm.

FIGURES 11 – 25. 11 – 16. Aedeagus of A. eucoma (paralectotype, Las Mercedes, Guatemala). 11: Dorsal aspect. 12: Ventral aspect. 13: Lateral aspect; a: dorsal section: part of the dorsal margin that corresponds to the joint between the two parameres; b: dorsal margin: margin of the paramere dorsal with respect to apex; conversely, the ventral part is the ventral margin, which in these species can be divided in c: posterior ventral margin; and d: anterior ventral margin, in relation to the angle formed by the curvature of the margin. Parameres of Costa Rican specimens showing slight variation among populations. 14: San José, Universidad de Costa Rica. 15: Estación Las Pailas, Guanacaste. 16: Estación Sirena, Parque Nacional Corcovado. 17 – 19. Aedeagus of Anomala flavacoma (paratype, Estación Cabro Muco, Costa Rica). 17: Dorsal aspect. 18: Ventral aspect. 19: Lateral aspect. 20 – 22. Aedeagus of Anomala megaparamera (holotype). 20: Dorsal aspect. 21: Ventral aspect. 22: Lateral aspect. 23 – 25. Aedeagus of Anomala pseudoeucoma (paratype, Hitoy Cerere, Costa Rica). 23: Dorsal aspect. 24: Ventral aspect. 25: Lateral aspect. Scale = 1 mm.

FIGURES 26 – 32. 26 – 29. Endophallus of Anomala eucoma showing variation among populations. 26: Paralectotype, Las Mercedes, Guatemala. 27: San José, Universidad de Costa Rica, Costa Rica. 28: Estación Las Pailas, Guanacaste, Costa Rica. 29: Estación Sirena, Parque Nacional Corcovado, Costa Rica. 30. Endophallus of Anomala flavacoma (holotype). 31. Endophallus of Anomala megaparamera (holotype). 32. Endophallus of Anomala pseudoeucoma (holotype). Scale = 1 mm. The arrows show the position of the gonopore.