Orbilia species

Quijada, Luis, Baral, Hans-Otto & Beltrán-Tejera, Esperanza, 2016, A revision of the genus Orbilia in the Canary Islands, Phytotaxa 284 (4), pp. 231-262 : 259-260

Key to the identification of published Orbilia species in the Canary Islands

1a. Living ascospores without any trace of spore bodies.......................................................................... Orbilia asomatica ( Fig. 15.3 )

1b. Living ascospores with spore bodies (KOH-unstable refractive structure) ...................................................................................... 2

2a. Asci with more than eight ascospores .............................................................................................................................................. 3

2a. Asci with eight ascospores ............................................................................................................................................................... 5

3a. Ascospores reniform to heart-shaped, asci 16-spored......................................................................... Orbilia corculispora ( Fig. 13 )

3b. Ascospores ellipsoid to subcylindrical (-clavate), asci with 22–32 ascospores ................................................................................ 4

4a. Spore bodies tear-shaped to geniculate, *1.1–1.7 × 0.3–0.6 μm, ascospores *3.5–5.2 × 1.6–1.8 μm........ Orbilia euonymi ( Fig. 2 )

4b. Spore bodies lens-shaped, *0.5–0.9 × 1–1.5 μm, ascospores *5.4–9 × 2–3 μm............................................ Orbilia flavida ( Fig. 3 )

5a. Dead asci with apical wall thickening (0.5–1.3 μm), apex hemispherical irrespective of viewing direction; spore bodies always tear-shaped to subulate ...................................................................................................................................................................... 6

5b. Without apical wall thickening in dead asci, apex truncate or hemispherical depending on viewing direction; spore bodies morphologically variable................................................................................................................................................................... 8

6a. Mean length of ascospores above *15 μm ......................................................................................... Orbilia adenocarpi ( Fig. 15.1 )

6b. Mean length of ascospores below *15 μm.........................................................................................................................................7

7a. Ascospores mainly *1.6–1.9 μm wide ........................................................................................................... Orbilia vinosa ( Fig. 7 )

7b. Ascospores mainly *2–2.4 μm wide ....................................................................................................... Orbilia hesperidea ( Fig. 4 )

8a. Spore bodies globose, not apically attached by an obvious filum.....................................................................................................9

8b. Shape of spore bodies different, attached by an obvious apical filum ........................................................................................... 11

9a. Ascospores cylindrical (-cuneate), *2.7–3.4 × 0.9–1.3 μm......................................................................... Orbilia dryadum ( Fig. 9 )

9b. Ascospores (sub)globose to ellipsoid-clavate ................................................................................................................................. 10

10a. Length of living ascopores shorter than *3 μm................................................................................................ Orbilia cejpii ( Fig. 1 )

10b. Length of living ascospores longer than *3 um........................................................................................ Orbilia eucalypti ( Fig. 10 )

11a. Ascospores strongly reniform, one side with distinct warts, *1.9–2.7 × 1–1.4 μm .......................... Orbilia xanthostigma ( Fig. 12 )

11b. Ascospores not reniform, smooth.................................................................................................................................................... 12

12a. Annular to lasso-shaped soluble cytoplasmic bodies (SCBs) abundant in excipulum and/or paraphyses...................................... 13

12b. Without such soluble cytoplasmic bodies (SCBs) in excipulum or paraphyses.............................................................................. 17

13a. Apothecia with distinct 5–8(10) triangular teeth.................................................................................. Orbilia scolecospora ( Fig. 6 )

13b. Apothecia without triangular teeth .................................................................................................................................................. 14

14a. Spore bodies filiform to subulate, strongly flexuose to curled, ascospores ellipsoid to obovoid ............. Orbilia gambelii ( Fig. 14 )

14b. Spore bodies globose to tear-shaped or subulate-vermiform, ascospores clearly differentiated in head (wider part) and tail (narrower part).................................................................................................................................................................................................. 15

15a. Spore bodies globose to broadly tear-shaped, mean length below *2.7 μm ..................................... Orbilia pisciformis ( Fig. 15.2 )

15b. Spore bodies narrowly tear-shaped to subulate-vermiform, mean length above *2.7 μm ............................................................. 16

16a. Ascospores ± straight, paraphyses (sub)lageniform ........................................................................... Orbilia flavidorosella ( Fig. 4 )

16b. Ascospores distinctly helicoid, paraphyses cylindrical (uninflated) to rarely capitate-clavate............................................................ .................................................................................................................. Orbilia aurantiorubra (described in Quijada et al. 2014)

17a. Excipulum and paraphyses with a high content of bright golden yellow (-orange) lipid bodies (LBs)............................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... Orbilia succulenticola ( Fig. 15.4 )

17b. Excipulum and paraphyses without conspicuous lipid bodies ........................................................................................................ 18

18a. Mean length of living ascospores below *7.5 μm (†7 μm)........................................................................... Orbilia vitalbae ( Fig. 8 )

18b. Mean length of living ascospores above *7.5 μm (†7 μm)..............................................................................................................19

19a. Ascospores narrowly subcylindric-clavate, falcate, spore bodies rod-shaped, †1.3–1.6 μm long......... Orbilia tenuissima ( Fig. 11 )

19b. Ascospores narrowly fusoid to fusiform-clavate, straight, spore bodies vermiform to subulate, much longer................................... ............................................................................................................................................... Orbilia luteorubella grex (not figured)

Figures

FIGURE 1. Morphological features of Orbilia cejpii. 1. Fresh apothecia. 2. Apothecium with excipular tissues in median section: 2a. Median section, 2b. Cells at margin, 2c. Cells at base. 3. Dead and living asci. 4. Dead and living paraphyses. 5. Living ascospores. 500

FIGURE 2. Morphological features of Orbilia euonymi. 1. Rehydrated apothecia. 2. Ascospores: 2a–b. Spore cluster after being released from asci, 2c & 2e. Living ascospores,2d. Dead ascospores.3. Excipular tissues in median section at base and margin.4. Living paraphyses. 5. Living and dead asci. 100 μm= 1a–e; 10 μm= 2a–e, 3a–b, 4a–c, 5a–e, 5g–h; 5 μm= 5f, 5i. Mounted in: CR= 4a, 5d, 5f; H 2 O= 2a–e, 3a–b, 4b–c, 5a–c, 5e, 5g–i. Photos: TFC Mic. 24156= 1a–b, 2a–d, 4a–b, 5d–e, 5h; TFC Mic. 24549= 1c–e, 2e, 3a–b, 5a–b, 5f–g, 5i; TFC Mic. 24556= 4c.

FIGURE 3. Morphological features of Orbilia flavida. 1. Rehydrated apothecia. 2. Excipular tissues in median section. 3. Living asci. 4. Living paraphyses. 5. Living ascospores. 500 μm= 1b, 1d–f; 100 μm= 1a, 1c, 2a; 50 μm= 2b; 10 μm= 3, 4a–b, 5. Mounted in: H2O= 2a–b, 3, 4a–b, 5. All photos from TFC Mic. 23640.

FIGURE 4. Morphological features of Orbilia flavidorosella. 1. Rehydrated apothecia. 2. Living excipular tissues in median section. 3. Living asci. 4. Living paraphyses. 5. Living ascospores. 500 μm= 1a; 100 μm= 1b; 50 μm= 2a; 10 μm= 2b–c, 3, 4a–c, 5a–b. Mounted in: CRB= 2b, 4a; H2O= 2a–c, 3, 4b–c, 5a–b. Photos: TFC Mic. 23738= 1a, 2a–b, 3, 4a–c, 5b; TFC Mic. 23925= 1b, 2c, 5a.

FIGURE 6. Morphological features of Orbilia scolecospora. 1. Fresh apothecia. 2. Excipular tissues in median section: 2a. glassy processes at margin, 2b. cells with SCBs at upper flank. 3. Living and dead asci. 4. Living paraphyses. 5. Dead and living ascospores. 500 μm= 1a, 1d, 1f; 100 μm= 1b–c, 1e 1e; 50 μm= 2a; 10 μm= 2b, 3a–d, 4a–b, 5b; 5 μm= 5a. Mounted in: CR= 3b, 3d, 4b, 5a; H 2 O= 2a–b, 3a, 3c, 4a, 5b. Photos: TFC Mic. 22307= 1f; TFC Mic. 24423= 1a–e, 2b, 3a–d, 4a–b, 5a–b; TFC Mic. 24450= 2a.

FIGURE 7. Morphological features of Orbilia vinosa. 1. Rehydrated apothecia. 2. Living and dead paraphyses. 3. Excipular tissues in median section. 4. Living and dead asci. 5. Living and dead ascospores. 500 μm= 1a–b; 100 μm= 1c–f; 10 μm= 2a–d, 3a–b, 4a–d, 5c–d; 5 μm= 4e–f, 5a–b. Mounted in: CRB= 3b; CR= 2a, 2d, 4d–e, 5c; H 2 O= 2b–c, 3a, 4a, 4c, 4f, 5a–b, 5d; MLZ= 4b. Photos: TFC Mic. 22826= 1b; TFC Mic. 23356= 2a–b, 3b, 4f; TFC Mic. 23638= 1c, 2d, 3a; TFC Mic. 23919= 1e, 2c, 5a; TFC Mic. 24409= 4a–b; TFC Mic. 24010= 1d, 4d, 5b–c; TFC Mic. 24234= 1f, 4e; TFC Mic. 24428= 1a; TFC Mic. 24429= 5d; TFC Mic. 24431= 4c.

FIGURE 8. Morphological features of Orbilia vitalbae. 1. Fresh apothecia. 2. Living and dead paraphyses. 3. Living excipular tissues in median section: 3a–b. cells at margin, 3c. cells at base. 4. Living and dead asci. 5. Living and dead ascospores. 100 μm= 1; 50 μm= 3a; 10 μm= 2a–b, 3b–c, 4a–c; 5 μm= 2c–f, 5a–b.All mounted in H2O. All photos from TFC Mic. 23937.

FIGURE 9. Morphological features of Orbilia dryadum. 1. Fresh apothecia. 2a. Excipular tissues in median section, 2b. section at margin,

FIGURE 10. Morphological features of Orbilia eucalypti. 1. Fresh and rehydrated apothecia. 2. Excipular tissues in median section. 3. Living ascospores. 4. Living and dead asci. 5. Living paraphyses. 500 μm= 1a–j; 50 μm= 2; 10 μm= 3a–d, 4a–c, 5a–e. Mounted in: CR= 4b, 5a; H 2 O= 2, 3a–d, 4a, 4c, 5b–e. Photos: TFC Mic. 23386= 1d; TFC Mic. 23449= 1a–c, 2, 3a, 4b, 5a; TFC Mic. 23827= 1g, 5b; TFC Mic. 23834= 1e, 3d; TFC Mic. 23888= 1f, 3c, 5c; TFC Mic. 23895= 1h, 3b, 5d; TFC Mic. 24078= 1j, 4a; TFC Mic. 24223= 1i, 4c, 5e.

FIGURE 11. Morphological features of Orbilia tenuissima. 1. Rehydrated apothecia. 2. Excipular tissues in median section. 3. Glassy exudate at margin and cells rows at flank. 4. Dead asci. 5. Dead paraphyses. 6. Dead ascospores. 500 μm= 1a–c; 50 μm= 2a–b; 10 μm= 3a–b, 4, 5a–b; 5 μm= 6a–b. Mounted in: CR= 3a, 4, 5a–b, 6a; KOH= 2a, 3b, 6b; MLZ= 2b. All photos from CUP-MM 1132.

FIGURE 12. Morphological features of Orbilia xanthostigma. 1. Fresh and rehydrated apothecia. 2. Asci. 3. Paraphyses. 4. Excipular

FIGURE 13. Morphological features of Orbilia corculispora. 1. Apothecia: 1a–d: Rehydrated, 1e–f: dry. 2. Excipular tissues in median

FIGURE 14. Morphological features of Orbilia gambelii. 1. Fresh apothecia. 2. Excipular tissues in median section.3.Asci. 4.Ascospores.

FIGURE 15. Morphological features of: (1) Orbilia adenocarpi. 1a–c. Fresh and rehydrated apothecia. 1d–e. Ascospores. (2) O.