Orbilia vinosa (Alb. & Schwein.) P. Karst., Bidr. Känn. Finl. Nat. Folk

Quijada, Luis, Baral, Hans-Otto & Beltrán-Tejera, Esperanza, 2016, A revision of the genus Orbilia in the Canary Islands, Phytotaxa 284 (4), pp. 231-262 : 242-244

Orbilia vinosa (Alb. & Schwein.) P. Karst., Bidr. Känn. Finl. Nat. Folk 19: 101 (1871) ( Fig. 7 )

Apothecia (0.2)0.3–0.8(1.4) mm in diam., 0.1–0.3 mm high, scattered to subgregarious, deep red orange (38. d. r O) to deep orange (51. deep O), superficial, disc flat to convex, margin smooth to slightly crenulate and not protruding. Asci *(40)52–57.3(62) × (4.6)5.3–6.6 μm, †(34)37–43(46.5) × 3.9–4.8 μm; dead asci with apical wall thickening (0.5–1.1 μm); cylindric-clavate, 8-spored, spores 4-seriate, with 2–4 lower spores inverted, pars sporifera *14–30 μm; with a long thin bifurcate base. Ascospores *(10)12–13(15) × 1.6–1.9(2.2) μm, †9.5–13.5 × 1.2–1.6 μm; cylindric-clavate to fusiform-clavate, apex obtuse to subacute, straight to inequilateral, slightly curved in the narrower lower part; SBs *2.5–5 × 0.5–1(1.4) μm, tear-shaped to subulate, apically attached by a narrowed to wide point. Paraphyses cylindrical, uninflated to medium clavate to spathulate, 3–4-septate; terminal cell *(7)9–12(15.3) × 1.6–3.2 μm, cell below *(5)7–8.5(10.8) × 1.5–2.4 μm; unbranched; exudate over paraphyses 0.8–2 μm thick, hyaline to grayish yellow (90. gy. Y), continuous or broken over paraphyses forming amorph clods, not firmly attached; cells containing globose SCBs *0.8–1.8 μm diam., but also with grayish yellow (90. gy. Y) trapezoid to filiform SCBs. Ectal excipulum at base and middle flank of textura angularis to t. globosa, *(35)40–80 μm thick; at margin and upper flank of t. angularis to t. prismatica, *11–47 μm thick; hyaline, not gelatinized, with a continuous or broken grayish yellow (90. gy. Y) to medium yellow (87. m. Y) layer of amorphous exudate from upper flank to margin, 3–11 μm thick. Cells of ectal excipulum *(8.7)11–13.5(16.3) × (5.5)8–9.5(11.5) μm at base and lower flank, wall thickness *0.3–1 μm; *(4.5)7– 8(9.7) × 2–4.5 μm at margin, with pale orange-yellow (73. p OY) globose and trapezoid SCBs.

Specimens examined:— SPAIN. Canary Islands: Tenerife, Fasnia, La Morra los Cardones, 28°14’47’’N, 16°25’47’’W, 346 m, Euphorbia atropurpurea scrub, on wood of Atalanthus pinnatus , 6 December 2009, L. Quijada, J. Díaz-Armas & E. Beltrán-Tejera (TFC Mic. 22826!). Idem, on wood of Cistus monspeliensis , 6 December 2009, L. Quijada, J. Díaz-Armas & E. Beltrán-Tejera (TFC Mic. 22828!, 22840!, 22841!, 22842!). Idem, on wood of Euphorbia atropurpurea , 18 December 2013, L. Quijada, I. Perez-Vargas, J. Díaz-Armas & J. Kout (TFC Mic. 24400!). Idem, on wood of Cistus monspeliensis , 18 December 2013, L. Quijada, I. Perez-Vargas, J. Díaz-Armas & J. Kout (TFC Mic. 24411!, 24413!). Idem, on wood of Periploca laevigata , 18 December 2013, L. Quijada, I. Perez-Vargas, J. Díaz-Armas & J. Kout (TFC Mic. 24428!, 24429!, 24431!). Granadilla de Abona, La Martela, 28°08’29’’N, 16°37’11’’W, 1195 m, typical Canary pine woodland, on wood of Pinus canariensis , 6 March 2012, L. Quijada & C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 23356!, 23357!, 23358!, 23359!, 23360!). Idem, on wood of Cistus symphytifolius , 19 April 2012, L. Quijada & C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 23638!, 23639!). Idem, on wood of Cistus monspeliensis , 9 March 2013, L. Quijada & C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 23951!). La Matanza de Acentejo, Punta del Sol, 28°27’12’’N, 16°28’21’’W, 43 m, Euphorbia canariensis scrub, on wood of Rhamnus crenulata , 21 November 2009, L. Quijada, R. Castro & E. Rodríguez (TFC Mic. 22544!). Idem, on wood of Periploca laevigata , 21 November 2009, L. Quijada, R. Castro & E. Rodríguez (TFC Mic. 22554!, 22556!). La Orotava, Escobón Cortado, 28°19’51’’N, 16°31’51’’W, 1586 m, typical Canary pine woodland, on wood of Chamaecytisus proliferus , 28 March 2013, L. Quijada & C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 24010!). Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Anaga Rural Park, Hoya el Laurel, 28°31’53’’N, 16°11’53’’W, 305 m, Euphorbia canariensis scrub, on wood of Lavandula canariensis , 5 March 2013, L. Quijada & C. Quijada (TFC Mic. 23919!).

Distribution and ecology:— The species has been reported in the northern hemisphere, in Europe ( Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Norway, Spain, Sweden), Africa ( Morocco), Asia ( India, Sri Lanka), North America and Central America ( Cuba). In the southern hemisphere, in Australia, New Zealand and South America ( Brazil). Growing on angiosperms ( Castanea , Carpinus, Clerodendron , Fagus , Quercus and Ulex ) and gymnosperms ( Pinus ). Occurring all year round, being more abundant in spring ( Albertini & Schweinitz 1805, Ascofrance 2015, GBIF, Pande 2008, Priou 2005, Rubio 2013, Spooner 1987, Su et al. 2011). However, O. vinosa has been applied in very different ways, including O. luteorubella or related species. Orbilia vinosa shows a wide range of distribution in Macaronesia. It develops in north and south slopes between autumn to spring, in Euphorbia scrubs up to the pine forest (43–1195 m). Growing on wood of angiosperms ( Atalanthus , Chamaecytisus , Cistus , Euphorbia , Lavandula , Periploca and Rhamnus ) and gymnosperms ( Pinus ).

Remarks:— In 1987, Spooner explained some problems with the type of Peziza vinosa (Alb. & Schwein) , probably lost and poorly explained in the original description ( Albertini & Schweinitz 1805). For that reason, he took up Rehm’s (1891) concept, describing and illustrating a similar collection growing in a similar geographic area (Europe) and substrate ( Quercus sp. ) as in the original description. Our samples match quite well Spooner’s descriptions and drawings, and also the recent collections described by Priou (2005) from France.

Orbilia vinosa can be confused with O. hesperidea Rolland , but differs in its narrower ascospores. O. luteorubella (Nyl.) P. Karst. differs from O. vinosa in having dead asci with a truncate, thin-walled apex, and thinner spore bodies, also in capitate paraphyses and smaller ascospores, based on specimens collected in Tenerife that resemble O. luteorubella . Orbilia acicularis Baral & Hong Y. Su ( Su et al. 2011) differs from O. vinosa by the same characteristics, except that ascospore size and shape is very similar to O. vinosa .

Figures

FIGURE 7. Morphological features of Orbilia vinosa. 1. Rehydrated apothecia. 2. Living and dead paraphyses. 3. Excipular tissues in median section. 4. Living and dead asci. 5. Living and dead ascospores. 500 μm= 1a–b; 100 μm= 1c–f; 10 μm= 2a–d, 3a–b, 4a–d, 5c–d; 5 μm= 4e–f, 5a–b. Mounted in: CRB= 3b; CR= 2a, 2d, 4d–e, 5c; H 2 O= 2b–c, 3a, 4a, 4c, 4f, 5a–b, 5d; MLZ= 4b. Photos: TFC Mic. 22826= 1b; TFC Mic. 23356= 2a–b, 3b, 4f; TFC Mic. 23638= 1c, 2d, 3a; TFC Mic. 23919= 1e, 2c, 5a; TFC Mic. 24409= 4a–b; TFC Mic. 24010= 1d, 4d, 5b–c; TFC Mic. 24234= 1f, 4e; TFC Mic. 24428= 1a; TFC Mic. 24429= 5d; TFC Mic. 24431= 4c.