Philine cumingii (A. Adams, 1862 )

Valdés, Ángel, 2008, Deep-sea “ cephalaspidean ” heterobranchs (Gastropoda) from the tropical southwest Pacific, Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle 196, pp. 587-792 : 714-717

Philine cumingii (A. Adams, 1862)

Figs 62, 63A-F, 68

Scaphander cumingii A. Adams, 1862: 156 .

TYPE MATERIAL. — Not examined .

TYPE LOCALITY. — Mino-Sima [= Mishima], Japan, 115 m.

FIG. 63. Shell morphology and anatomy of species of Philine Ascanius, 1772 . A, Philine cumingii (A. Adams, 1862) , (9 mm), ventral view, Indonesia, KARUBAR stn DW 28; B, (12 mm), ventral view, Indonesia, KARUBAR stn DW 29; C, same shell, posterior view; D, (6) mm, ventral view, Indonesia,KARUBAR stn DW 29; E, gizzard plate, New Caledonia, BATHUS 4 stn DW 924, scale bar = 300 Μm; F, same specimen,radula, scale bar = 100 Μm. G, Philine sp. 4 , (6 mm), ventral view, Tonga, BORDAU 2 stn DW 1569.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Indonesia. KARUBAR: stn DW 15 , Kai de Ngoe, 21°44’S, 166°35’E, 210 m, 1 lv; stn CP 713, 21°45’S, Islands , 05°17’S, 132°41’E, 212-221 m, 1 dd; stn DW 18 , 05°18’S, 166°37’E, 250 m, 3 lv (Figs 62A, B); stn DW 749 , Passe de Bou- 133°01’E, 205-212 m, 1 dd; stn DW 28 , 05°31’S, 132°54’E, 448-467 lari, 22°33’S, 166°26’E, 233-258 m, 1 dd . — BATHUS 2 : stn DW m, 4 dd ( Fig. 63A); stn DW 29 , 05°36’S, 132°56’E, 181-184 m, 5 dd 717, Ile des Pins, 22°44’S, 167°17’E, 350-393 m, 2 dd . — BATHUS ( Figs 63B-D); stn DW 32 , 05°47’S, 132°51’E, 170-206 m, 1 dd. 4: stn DW 882 , Passe de St Vincent, 22°02’S, 165°56’E, 250-350 Coral Sea. MUSORSTOM 5: stn 353, Chesterfield Islands, 19°27’S, m, 2 dd; stn DW 885 , 22°05’S, 165°58’E, 250-300 m, 4 dd .

158°40’E, 290 m, 1 dd. Loyalty Ridge. BIOGEOCAL: stn DW 253, 21°32’S, 166°29’E, North of New Caledonia. BATHUS 4: stn DW 924, 18°55’S, 310-315 m, 1 dd.

163°24’E, 344-360 m, 1 lv (Figs 63E, F). Loyalty Islands. Lifou. LIFOU 2000 : stn DW 1649 , Point New Caledonia proper. VAUBAN: stn 3, 22°17’S, 167°12’E, 390 Lefèvre [= Nem], Baie du Santal, 20°54.2’S, 167°01.1’E, 150- m, 1 dd; stn 40, 22°30’S, 166°24’E, 250-350 m, 8 dd . — MU- 200 m, 7 dd.

SORSTOM 4: stn DW 149, 19°08’S, 163°23’E, 155 m, 2 dd; stn Vanuatu. MUSORSTOM 8: stn CP 982, 19°22’S, 169°26’E, 408- DW 150, 19°07’S, 163°22’E, 110 m, 3 dd; stn CC 246, 22°08’S, 410 m, 1 lv; stn CP 1121, 15°07’S, 166°53’E, 315-360 m, 1 lv.

167°11’E, 410-420 m, 2 lv; stn CC 248 , 22°09’S, 167°10’E, 380- Fiji. MUSORSTOM 10: stn DW 1359 , 17°50’S, 178°48’E, 183- 385 m, 1 lv . — LAGON: stn 830, Secteur de Poindimié, 20°49’S, 188 m, 2 dd; stn CP 1363, South of Viti Levu , 18°12’S, 178°33’E, 165°19’E, 105-110 m, 1 dd . — BATHUS 1 : stn DW 654 , Passe de 144-150 m, 1 dd; stn DW 1365 , 18°13’S, 178°32’E, 295-302 m, Canala, 21°17’S, 165°57’E, 237-298 m, 11 dd; stn DW 683 , Passe 1 dd; stn CP 1366, 18°13’S, 178°33’E, 149-168 m, 1 dd . — BOR- de Hienghu , 20°35’S, 165°07’E, 380-400 m, 1 dd; stn DW687 , DAU 1: stn DW 1464 , 18°09’S, 178°38’W, 285-300 m, 2 dd; stn 20°35’S, 165°07’E, 408-440 m, 1 dd; stn DW 688 , 20°33’S, CP 1481, 20°57’S, 178°45’W, 441-506 m, 2 lv .

165°00’E, 270-282 m, 4 dd; stn CP 695, Passe de Hienghène, Tonga. BORDAU 2: stn DW 1567, NW of Tongatapu, 21°02’S, 20°35’S, 164°58’E, 410-430 m, 1 dd, 1 lv; stn DE 700, Passe du 175°19’W, 351-356 m, 4 dd; stn DW 1569, 21°02’S, 175°19’W, Cap Baye, 20°57’S, 165°35’E, 160-222 m, 1 dd; stn CP 712, Passe 433 m, 1 dd.

DISTRIBUTION. — Reported from Japan and the China Seas , in 100-200 m (Hori 2000b). Material herein collected in the Coral Sea, Fiji, Indonesia, New Caledonia and Tonga (Fig. 68), in 150-448 m, live in 210-441 m.

DESCRIPTION. — External morphology. The body is oval, 10 mm long (largest specimen examined). The cephalic shield is oval and small, comprising about 1/5 of the body length (Fig. 62A). The 2 Hancock’s organs are composed of about 13 simple folds. The parapodia are very narrow and are not visible dorsally. The posterior shield is very elongate, rounded posteriorly, with no lobes or extensions. The gill is simple, with 10 simple lamellae. The colour of the preserved animals is uniformly white.

Shell morphology. The shell is internal, large, solid, wider anteriorly and narrower posteriorly, with a convex right side and a posteriorly concave left side (Figs 63A, B). The widest region of the shell is close to the anterior end. Juvenile shells more oval, with the widest region near the centre of the shell (Fig. 63D). Only 1 whorl visible, forming nearly the entire shell (Fig. 63C). Apex narrow, slightly depressed, umbilicate in some specimens, with the aperture lip rising from the left side, forming a small wing. Anterior end of the shell rounded. Aperture as long as the shell, wider anteriorly and narrower posteriorly. Columellar margin thickened, with no callus. Sculpture of a number of punctuated spiral grooves. The punctuations are large, oval to elongate, and are fused to the next one within each groove. The grooves are separated by gaps much narrower than the grooves themselves, and occasionally narrower grooves are intercalated. Colour uniform whitish to light brown.

Anatomy. The buccal bulb is large and connects posteriorly to the wide oesophagus and the very long salivary glands (Fig. 62B). Two strong retractor muscles attach laterally and 2 posteriorly to the buccal bulb. The oesophagus opens into a small gizzard, which contains 3 gizzard plates, all of them small, oval and simple, with no depressions (Fig. 63E). The radular formula is 14 x 3.1.0.1. 3 in a specimen from New Caledonia (BATHUS 4 stn DW 924). The innermost lateral tooth is triangular with a wide base and a short, strong, curved cusp bearing 7-8 denticles. The outermost teeth are hook-shaped and smooth, with no denticles.

The reproductive system is monoaulic. The penis and the prostate are small and simple, situated at the end of a long common duct (Fig. 62C).

REMARKS. — Scaphander cumingii was originally described from Japan by A. Adams (1862), and subsequently redescribed and illustrated by Hori (2000b), both based on empty shells. Habe (1954) described a new subspecies, Scaphander cumingii ventricosa , which is distinct from the nominotypical in having a more oval shell with a convex left side. Because no anatomical work has been done it is not possible to evaluate the validity of S. cumingii ventricosa as a distinct taxon.

Examination of complete specimens of S. cumingii revealed that this species belongs to Philine . The shell is large and solid, similar to those of species of Scaphander , but it is internal. Additionally, the radula of S. cumingii has several lateral teeth, the inermost having a large, triangular base and a cusp bearing denticles, whereas species of Scaphander have a single lateral tooth with a narrower base and generally lacking denticles. More importantly, the gizzard of S. cumingii contains 3 small, oval plates, all of them similar in size and shape, whereas species of Scaphander have 2 large, rounded plates and a central narrow and elongate plate. Therefore S. cumingii is here transferred to the genus Philine .

Philine cumingii is clearly distinguishable from other Indo-Pacific species of Philine in both the external morphology and anatomy. It is the only species with a concave left side and a constricted appearance of the shell. Anatomically P. cumingii is characterized by having a small penis and prostate, situated at the end of a long atrium.