Amorimia pellegrinii R.F.Almeida, 2016

Almeida, Rafael Felipe De, Berg, Cássio Van Den & Amorim, André Márcio Araujo, 2016, Untangling the Amorimia rigida complex, a puzzling group of lianescent Malpighiaceae from Eastern Brazil, Phytotaxa 284 (1), pp. 1-23 : 14-22

4. Amorimia pellegrinii R.F.Almeida , sp.nov. ( Figs. 6–7 , 11–12 )

Type: — BRAZIL. Bahia: Mun. Feira de Santana, Fazenda Cruzeiro do Mocó , 3 November 2015, fl. fr., R.F. Almeida, A.C.M. Marques & M.O.O. Pellegrini 614 (Holotype: HUEFS!; isotype: CEPEC!, MICH!, NY!, P!, RB!, US!).

Differs from Amorimia rigida by its elliptic to ovate leaf blades with base cordate to rounded; 4–6 pairs of secondary veins; shorter peduncles; smaller flowers; stamens opposite to petals longer than those opposite to sepals; upper and lower angle of lateral wings narrower.

Woody vines to scandent shrubs; stems sparsely sericeous-velutine to glabrous at age; stipules 0.5–1 mm long, triangular, epipetiolar, persistent to deciduous. Leaves decussate, reduced in inflorescences; petioles 5–6 mm long, sparsely sericeous-velutine to glabrous, eglandular at apex; leaf blades 6–11.3 × 3–6 cm, plane, bullate, elliptic to ovate, base cordate to rounded, margin plane, apex acute to acuminate, both sides glabrous, eglandular to 1–2 pairs of glands, 0.4–0.5 mm

diam., up to 3.5–8 mm from the margin; midvein adaxially impress, abaxially prominent, secondary veins 4–6 pairs, arching 45°–50°, subopposite to alternate, adaxially impressed, abaxially prominent, reticulum prominent on both sides. Thyrses (pseudoracemes) or panicles, axillary; main axis 10–28 cm long, cylindrical, striated, sericeous-velutine; cincinni 26–56, 1–flowered, decussate; bracts 3–3.5 × 2–2.25 mm, ovate, sessile, spreading to peduncle, eglandular to 1–3 pairs of glands at base to middle, both sides sericeous-velutine; peduncle 2.5–3 × 0.5–0.6 mm, sericeous-velutine; bracteoles 2.5–2.6 × 1.5–1.7 mm, elliptic, inserted right below the apex of the peduncles, parallel to pedicel, eglandular to 1 pair of basal glands, both sides sericeous-velutine; pedicels 3.8–4 × 0.5–0.6 mm, sericeous-velutine. Flowers 8–10 mm diam. at anthesis; floral buds 3–3.5 × 2.5–3 mm. Sepals 1.5–2.25 × 1–1.25 mm, triangular, appressed to the androecium, apex obtuse to rounded, plane at anthesis, both sides sericeous-velutine; glands yellow turning orange to ocher at age, 1.65–1.75 × 0.8–1 mm. Petals yellow turning light orange at age, margin sinuate; lateral petals patent at anthesis, anterior-lateral petals not overlapping at anthesis, limb 3–4 × 2–2.5 mm, elliptic to obovate, base truncate, adaxially sericeous-velutine distally, abaxially sericeous velutine, claws 0.75–1 × 0.4–0.5 mm, adaxially glabrous, abaxially sericeous-velutine; posterior petal erect at anthesis, limb 2.8–3 × 1.8–2 mm, elliptic, base truncate, adaxially sericeous-velutine distally, abaxially sericeous velutine, claw 1.8–2 × 0.62–0.75 mm, adaxially glabrous, abaxially sericeous-velutine. Stamens 10, those opposite to petals longer than those opposite to sepals; filaments 1.25–1.5 × 0.3– 0.4 mm, connate 0.25–0.3 mm long at base, glabrous; anthers heteromorphic, 0.8–1 × 0.4–0.6 mm, reflexed at anthesis, base, connectives and apex pubescent. Ovary 1.4–1.5 × 1.4–1.5 mm, each carpel with primordial lateral and dorsal wings, sericeous-velutine; styles 3, cylindrical at base and apex, parallel at base, diverging at middle, apex truncate with rounded angle, sericeous-velutine at base, anterior style 1.4–1.5 mm long, posterior styles 1.6–1.8 mm long; stigma lateral, crateriform. Samaras green to ocher in vivo; dorsal wing 7–8 × 2.5–3 mm, very shallowly triangular, margin sinuate, both sides sericeous-velutine; lateral wings 1.2–1.5 × 1.2–1.4 cm, flabellate, margin erose, upper angle 40°, lower angle 60° from the nut, both sides sericeous-velutine; nut ovoid, sericeous-velutine; areole 5–6 × 2–3 mm, ovate. Seeds 4–4.5 × 2–2.5 mm, testa rugose; embryo ovoid, cotyledons folded.

Additional specimens analyzed (paratypes): — BRAZIL. Bahia: Mun. Cachoeira, Barragem de Bananeiras, vale dos rios Paraguaçu e Jacuípe , S12°32’ W39°05’, 120 m, 25 November 2003, fl., Amorim 3801 (ALCB, CEPEC, HUEFS) ; loc. cit., Pedra do Cavalo, Barragem de Bananeiras , May 1980, fr., Pedra do Cavalo 8 (CEPEC, HUEFS) ; loc. cit., December 1980, fl. fr., Pedra do Cavalo 1021, 1031 (ALCB, CEPEC, HUEFS, RB) ; loc. cit., April 1936, fl., Torrend s.n. (ALCB1928, HUEFS204347, SP) ; Mun. Castro Alves , 28 March 1994, fl., Carvalho 29 (HUEFS) ; Mun. Conceição do Coité, Serra do Mucambo , S11°30’ W39°11’, 26 June 2013, fl. fr., Carvalho 296 (HUEFS) ; Mun. Feira de Santana, Fazenda Chapada , S12°15’21’’ W39°05’00’’, 2 June 2007, fl., Melo 4790 (HUEFS) ; loc. cit., distrito de São José, 4 June 2005, fr., Cruz 32 (HUEFS) ; loc. cit., Fazenda Cruzeiro do Mocó , S12°13’12’’ W39°02’44’’, 185 m, 28 May 2013, fl. fr., Queiroz 54 (HUEFS) ; loc. cit., Ipuaçu, inselberg Monte Alto , S12°15’17’’ W39°04’59’’, 130 m, 22 June 2009, fl., Melo 6370 (HUEFS) ; loc. cit., distrito de Ipuaçu, S12°13’58’’ W38°04’28’’, 7 April 2005, fl., Couto 35 (CEPEC, HUEFS) ; loc. cit., 22 June 2009, fr., Melo 6372 (HUEFS) ; loc. cit., distrito de Bonfim de Feira, entrada no km 8, Inselberg Monte Alto , 2 May 2008, fl., Oliveira 1553, 1554 (HUEFS) ; Ipirá , S11°22’ W38°41’, 14 October 2002, fr., Moura s.n. (HUEFS69135, HUEFS69137) ; loc. cit., S11°59’49’’ W40°05’50’’, 868 m, 10 April 2001, fl., Nunes 266 (CEPEC, HUEFS) ; loc. cit., Fazenda Nova Fanela , ca. 2, 5 km S de Ipirá, S12°10’45’’ W39°46’12’’, s.d., fl. fr., Queiroz 10607 (CEPEC, HUEFS) ; Mun. Iraquara , along road 12 km from city to BR- 242, 600m, 14 June 1981, fr., Mori 14435 (CEPEC, NY) ; Mun. Itiuba , a 10 km de Itiuba, S10°39’28’’ W39°44’16’’, 375 m, 28 January 2002, fr., Nascimento 38 (CEPEC, HUEFS) ; loc. cit., ca. 5 km em direção a Coité, Fazenda Grotão , 10 May 2002, fl., Nascimento 83 (CEPEC, HUEFS) ; Mun. Jaguari, caminho do Engenho, estrada para Grotas , S10°08’ W40°13’, 24 June 2005, fr., Souza-Silva 15, 20 (CEPEC, HUEFS) ; Mun. Jaíba, periferia do povoado São Roque , S12°15’05’’ W38°50’36’’, 174 m, 22 May 2010, Silva 85 (HUEFS) ; Mun. Jeremoabo , ca. 12 km da cidade, 22 May 1978, fl. fr., Souza-Silva 612 (HUEFS, SP) ; Mun. Mairí, margem direita do rio Jacuípe , 29 March 1985, fl., Oliveira 658 (CEPEC, HUEFS) ; Mun. Miguel Calmon , arredores da cidade, 16 June 1985, fr., Noblick 3876 (CEPEC, HUEFS) ; loc. cit., estrada Miguel Calmon para Cabeceiras , a 16 km de Miguel Calmon, S11°21’33’’ W40°33’52’’, 6 April 2001, fl., Jesus 1299 (CEPEC, HRB, HUEFS) ; Mun. Piritiba , 31 May 1980, fr., Noblick 1839 (HUEFS) ; Mun. Quijilingue, lagoa de dentro, a ca. 3 km E do povoado Quixaba do Mandacaru , S10°55’ W39°03’, 270 m, 15 May 2005, fl. fr., Cardoso 518 (HUEFS) ; Mun. Retirolândia , ca. 5km N da cidade, S11°28’45’’ W39°26’32’’, 250 m, 1 November 1999, fl., Oliveira 299 (CEPEC, HUEFS) ; Mun. Riachão do Jacuípe, caminho para Gavião , S11°31’49’’ W39°42’30’’, 647 m, 26 March 2000, Guedes 7291 (ALCB, CEPEC, HUEFS) ; Mun. Ruy Barbosa, Serra do Orobó, Fazenda Bom Jardim , S12°20’33’’ W40°28’40’’, 426 m, 25 May 2005, fr., Queiroz 10655 (CEPEC, HUEFS) ; Mun. Senhor do Bonfim, Serra da Maravilha , S10°24’16’’ W40°12’36’’, 739 m, 28 July 2005, fr., Castro 1281 (HUEFS) ; loc. cit., Serra de Santana , 28 July 2005, fr., Nunes 1218 (CEPEC, HUEFS) ; loc. cit., 13 May 1974, fr., Andrade-Lima 7664 (HUEFS, IPA) ; Mun. Serra Preta, 6 km do ponto de Serra Preta, Fazenda Santa Clara , 17 July 1985, fr., Noblick 4228 (CEPEC, HUEFS) ; Mun. Tanquinho, estrada para Exu , S12°42’ W39°43’, 2 June 2005, fl. fr., Carvalho 111, 114 (CEPEC, HUEFS) ; loc. cit., Fazenda Beira do Rio , 27 May 1999, fl., Vanilda 146 (HUEFS) ; Tucano, povoado Bizamum, Serra Grande , S10°51’18’’ W38°02’14’’, 452 m, 21 April 2005, fl., Cardoso 493 (HUEFS) ; loc. cit., S10°53’43’’ W38°58’47’’, 236 m, 10 April 2004, fr., Cardoso 40 (HUEFS). Ceará: Mun. Brejo Santo, lote 5, povoado Oitis, reservatório porcos, S07°36’45’’ W38°53’17’’, 685 m, 5 August 2011, fr., Ferreira 339 (HUEFS, HVASF). Pernambuco: Mun. Floresta, Floresta do Navio , 24 May 1978, fl. fr., Souza-Silva 650 (HUEFS, SP) ; Mun. Inajá, Reserva Biológica Serra Negra , S08°39’00’’ W38°23’00’’, 799 m, 3 September 2009, fr., Carvalho-Sobrinho 2353 (CEPEC, HUEFS, HVASF) ; Mun. Ipubi, margem da estrada para a mineradora Bonito , 15 April 2010, fl., Miranda 6171 (HUEFS, HST) ; Mun. Santa Maria da Boa Vista, próximo a ponte do rio das Garças, em direção a lagoa, 2 May 1971, fl., Academia Brasileira de Ciências 462 (HUEFS, IPA) ; Mun. São José do Belmonte, Mirandiba, 15 May 1971, fr., Academia Brasileira de Ciências 780 (HUEFS, IPA). Sergipe: Mun. Macambira , Cachoeira de Macambira , 5 March 2013, fl., Matos 84 (ASE) ; Mun. Riachão do Dantas , 8 April 1986, fl., Viana 1397 (ASE, IPA) ; loc. cit., Fazenda Dr. Belmiro, 28 November 2013, fr., Matos 325 (ASE) .

Distribution, habitat and phenology: — Amorimia pellegrinii occurs in Seasonally Tropical Dry Forests from northern Bahia, and surroundings of Ceará, Pernambuco and Sergipe states ( Fig. 12 ), flowering and fruiting throughout the year.

Conservation status: — Amorimia pellegrinii should be regarded as least concern (LC) due to its extent of occurrence of 165,341 km ².

Etymology: —The epithet pays honor to Marco Octávio de Oliveira Pellegrini (b.1990), a Brazilian botanist contributor to the study of the Malpighiaceae from the Atlantic Forest, additional collector of the type specimen, and future husband of the first author.

Taxonomy notes: — Amorimia pellegrinii resembles A. rigida on indumenta type, inflorescence morphology, sepal shape, petal morphology, anthers indumenta, shape of the apex of the style, and dorsal wing morphology, but differs on leaf shape, number of secondary veins, size of peduncles, and size of filaments. A list of informative characters to differentiate them is presented on Table 1.

5. Amorimia rigida (A.Juss.) Anderson (2006: 183) ≡ Mascagnia rigida (A.Juss.) Grisebach (1858: 92) ≡ Hiraea rigida Jussieu (1833: 14) . Lectotype (designated by Anderson 2006):— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: São Miguel do Jequitinhonha, A. St.-Hilaire B1-1501 (P barcode P02429227!; isolectotypes: P barcodes P02429228!, P02429229!). Figs. 8 , 10 , 11-12 .

Woody vines to scandent shrubs; stems sparsely sericeous-velutine to glabrous at age; stipules 0.8–1 mm long, narrowly triangular, epipetiolar, persistent to deciduous. Leaves decussate, reduced in inflorescences; petioles 4–5 mm long, sparsely sericeous-velutine to glabrous, eglandular at apex; leaf blades 7.7–11.5 × 4.2–6 cm, plane, bullate, ovate to elliptic to slightly obovate, base rounded to cuneate, margin plane, apex acute to acuminate, both sides glabrous, eglandular to 2–pairs of glands, 0.4–0.5 mm diam., near base or up to 6.5–8.5 mm from the margin; midvein adaxially impressed, abaxially prominent, secondary veins 7–8 pairs, arching 50°, subopposite to alternate, adaxially impressed, abaxially prominent, reticulum prominent and conspicuous on both sides. Thyrses (pseudoracemes) or panicles, axillary to terminal; main axis 12–15 cm long, cylindrical, striated in vivo, green in vivo, sericeous-velutine; cincinni 26–30, 1–flowered, spirally alternate; bracts 3.2–3.5 × 2.1–2.5 mm, ovate, sessile, parallel to peduncle, 1–2 pairs of marginal glands, at base to middle, both sides sericeous-velutine; peduncle 2.5–3 × 0.9–1 mm, sericeous-velutine; bracteoles 2–2.5 × 1.25–1.5 mm, elliptic, inserted at the apex of the peduncles, parallel to pedicel, eglandular, both sides sericeous-velutine; pedicels 5–6.5 × 0.9–1 mm, sericeous-velutine. Flowers 10–12 mm diam. at anthesis; floral buds 4.5–6 × 4.5–5 mm. Sepals 1.5–2 × 1–1.5 mm, ovate, appressed to the androecium, apex obtuse to rounded, plane at anthesis, both sides sericeous-velutine; glands yellow turning orange to ocher at age, 2–2.5 × 0.8–1 mm. Petals yellow, turning orange at age, margin of limb sinuate; lateral petals patent at anthesis, anterior-lateral petals not overlapping at anthesis, limb 3–4 × 2–2.5 mm, elliptic, base truncate to hastate, adaxially sericeous-velutine distally, abaxially sericeous-velutine, claws 0.9–1.2 × 0.3–0.4 mm, adaxially glabrous, abaxially sericeous-velutine; posterior petal erect at anthesis, limb 3–3.5 × 2.8–3 mm, elliptic, base truncate to hastate, adaxially sericeous-velutine distally, abaxially sericeous-velutine, claw 0.9–1 × 0.4–0.5 mm, adaxially glabrous, abaxially sericeous-velutine. Stamens 10, those opposite to the anterior sepal, lateral-posterior sepals and posterior petal longer than those opposite to the lateral petals; filaments 1.25–1.5 × 0.25–0.4 mm, connate 0.4–0.5 mm long at base, glabrous; anthers monomorphic, 1–1.25 × 0.4–0.5 mm, reflexed at anthesis, base, connective and apex pubescent. Ovary 1.1–1.25 × 1.4–1.5 mm, each carpel with primordial lateral and dorsal wings, sericeous-velutine; styles 3, cylindrical at base and apex, parallel at base, diverging at middle, apex truncate with rounded angle, sericeous-velutine at base, anterior style 0.9–1 mm long, posterior styles 1.2–1.25 mm long; stigma lateral, crateriform. Samaras green turning pale ocher in vivo; dorsal wing 9–10 × 4.5–5.5 mm, very shallowly triangular, margin sinuate, sericeous-velutine on both sides; lateral wings 1.3–1.5 × 2.5–2.6 cm, flabelliform, margin sinuate, upper angle 60°, lower angle 75° from the nut, sericeous-velutine on both sides; nut ovoid, sericeous-velutine; areole 6–6.5 × 2.5–3 mm, elliptic. Seeds 4.7–5 × 3–3.2 mm, testa smooth; embryo ovoid, cotyledons folded.

Specimens analyzed:— BRAZIL. Bahia: Mun. Almadina, road Almadina to Ibitupã , ca. 20km, Fazenda São Roque , ca. 10 km da entrada do ramal, S14°38’27’’ W39°42’47’’, 12 March 2005, fl., Fiaschi 2761 (CEPEC, NY) ; Mun. Itagibá, Mata da Botinha , S14°10’53’’ W39°42’31’’, 12 July 2009, fr., Guedes 16327 (ALCB) ; Mun. Itajú da Colônia, km 8 da estrara Itajú da Colônia-Pau Brasil , a 3 km do ramal a direita, s.d., fl., Santos 354 (CEPEC) ; Mun. Itororó, Fazenda Santa Ana, 14.4 Km of Itajú da Colônia , on road to rio do meio, S15°09’01’’ W39°49’57’’, 200 m, 24 July 2003, fl., Thomas 13476 (CEPEC, NY) ; Mun. Jussari, ca. 2.5 km N of Palmira on road to Itajú da Colônia , S15°08’03’’ W39°34’03’’, 300-450 m, 2 February 1999, fl., Thomas 11954 (CEPEC, NY) ; Posse, near Vitória da Conquista, road to Boa Nova , km 5, 25 January 1973, fl., Gottsberger 24-25173 (NY) ; Mun. Santa Cruz da Vitória, ca. 8.1 km from the city, fazenda Uruguaiana , 28 June 2000, fr., Amorim 3565 (CEPEC, NY, SP) . Minas Gerais: s. loc., 1838, fl., Claussen s.n. (P4843527); s. loc., 1883, fl., Glaziou 13601 (P); Mun. Iguatama, Fazenda Faroeste, margem esquerda do rio São Miguel , S20°15’44’’ W45°40’15’’, 650-700 m, fr., Melo 1334 (BHCB) ; Mun. Itumiritinga , 12 April 1999, fl., Rodrigo s.n. (UFPB54379, VIC23366) ; loc. cit., assentamento 1° de junho, 16 September 2001, fr., Freitas s.n. (UFPB54378, VIC26216) ; Mun. Lagoa Santa, 1907, fl., Warming 838 (P); Mun. Mariana, Serra do Caraça , 19 January 1880, fl., Simard 12493 (NY, P) ; Mun. Matozinhos, Fazenda Cauaua, Mata Cubieri , 5 April 2004, fl. fr., Rodrigues- Silva 335 (HUEFS, PMSP) ; Mun. Jequitinhonha, Reserva Biológica Mata Escura , 27 July 2013, fl fr., Almeida et al. 561, 562 (CEPEC, HUEFS, RB) ; Mun. Prudente de Morais, Fazenda Santa Rita , 25 May 1977, fr., Francisco 11 (PAMG) ; Resplendor, parcela para estudos do EIA do Mineroduto Morro do Pilar , S19°16’37’’ W41°04’51’’, 23 June 2013, fl., Saddi 865 (RB) ; Mun. Rio de Casca, Fazenda Esmeralda, Serra da Mantiqueira , 21 January 1989, fl., Brozek 12 (HUEFS, HRCB) ; Mun. Sete Lagoas , CNP-MS, 24 August 1982, fl., Cunha 741 (PAMG) .

Distribution, habitat and phenology: — Amorimia rigida is only known from Semi-deciduous Forests in the states of Bahia and Minas Gerais ( Fig. 12 ). Flowering from January to March, less frequently on July and August, and fruiting from April to July.

Conservation status: — Amorimia rigida should be regarded as least concern (LC) due to its extent of occurrence of 77,395 km ². However, it is important to highlight that Semi-deciduous forests from the state of Minas Gerais are now reduced to small fragments. This is the probable cause of the few modern collections of A. rigida in the area. The only recent collection protected by a conservation unit is in Jequitinhonha municipality, in Northern Minas Gerais (Mata Escura Biological Reserve).

Etymology: —The epithet probably refers to the rigid texture of its leaf blades.

Taxonomic notes: — Amorimia rigida resembles A. velutina Anderson on leaf, inflorescence, sepal, petal and gynoecium shape, but differs on the color of sepal glands at anthesis, position of the anterior-lateral petals, size of the filaments, indumenta of the anthers, and the shape of dorsal wing of the samaras. A list of informative characters to differentiate them is presented on Table 1.

6. Amorimia velutina W.R. Anderson (2006: 185–186) . Type:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Mun. Itinga, Fazenda Timirim (property of Dr. Alexandre), 16°35’S, 41°47’W, 22 April 1985, SAP 243 (Holotype, mounted on two sheets: MICH003064A!, MICH003064B!; Paratypes: MBM54998!, MBM58786!, NY00998242!, R000143432!, R000143432a!, UEC009835!). Fig. 9–12 .

Woody vines to scandent shrubs; stem sparsely sericeous-velutine to glabrescent at age; stipules 0.7–1.5 mm long, narrowly triangular, epipetiolar, persistent to deciduous. Leaves opposite, reduced in inflorescences; petioles 2–4.5 mm long, velutine to glabrescent, eglandular; leaf blades 5–10 × 3.5–5 cm, plane, bullate, ovate, elliptic to obovate, base rounded to attenuate, margin plane, apex acute, both sides velutine to glabrescent, eglandular to 1–pair of glands, 0.4– 0.5 mm diam., near base or distally up to 2-5 mm from the margin; midvein adaxially impressed, abaxially prominent, secondary veins 7–8 pairs, arching 40°, subopposite to alternate, abaxially prominent, reticulum prominent on both sides. Thyrses (pseudoracemes) or panicles, axillary or terminal; main axis 4–20 cm long, cylindrical, smooth in vivo, ocher in vivo, sericeous-velutine; cincinni (10–)30–50, 1–flowered, spirally alternate; bracts 3–4.5(–6) × 1.5–3 mm, ovate, elliptic to lanceolate, subsessile, leaf-like, parallel to peduncle, 2 pairs of glands at base, velutine on both sides; peduncle 1–4.5 × 0.9–1.1 mm, velutine; bracteoles 2–4 × 1–2 mm, elliptic, inserted at the apex of peduncles, parallel to the pedicel, 1 pair of glands at base, sericeous-velutine on both sides; pedicels 3–5.5 × 0.9–1.1 mm, velutine, thin at apex. Flowers 9–11 mm diam. at anthesis; floral buds 4–4.2 × 4.2–4.4 mm. Sepals 2.8–3 × 1.5–1.8 mm, ovate, appressed to the androecium, apex obtuse to rounded, plane to revolute at anthesis, both sides sericeous-velutine; glands yellow turning reddish at age, 2–3.2 × 0.9–1 mm. Petals yellow, turning dark orange, margin of limb sinuate; lateral petals reflexed at anthesis, anterior-lateral petals overlapping at anthesis, limb 3.5–5 × 2.5–3.5 mm, elliptic, base truncate to hastate, adaxially sericeous-velutine distally, abaxially sericeous-velutine, claws 1–1.5 × 0.3–0.4 mm, adaxially sericeous-velutine distally, abaxially sericeous-velutine; posterior petal erect at anthesis, limb 3–4 × 2.2–3.5 mm, elliptic, base truncate at base, adaxially sericeous-velutine distally, abaxially sericeous-velutine, claw 2–2.7 × 0.5–0.7 mm, adaxially sericeous-velutine distally, abaxially sericeous-velutine. Stamens 10, those opposite to sepals shorter than those opposite to petals; filaments 1.5–2.2 × 0.25–0.3 mm, connate 0.4–0.5 mm long at base, glabrous; anthers heteromorphic, 0.5–1 × 0.4–0.5 mm, reflexed in anthesis, hairy at base. Ovary 0.6–1.5 × 0.8–1 mm, each carpel with primordial lateral and dorsal wings, sericeous-velutine; styles 3, cylindrical at base and apex, parallel at base, diverging at middle, anterior style curved, apex truncate with acuminate angle, sericeous-velutine at base; anterior style 0.6–1.3 mm long; posterior styles 0.9–1.7 mm long; stigma lateral, crateriform. Samaras yellowish in vivo; dorsal wing 7–9 × 3.5–5 mm, pentagonal with two triangular projections at apex, margin sinuate, sericeous-velutine on both sides; lateral wings 10–15 × 9–10 mm, flabelliform, margin sinuate, upper angle 30°, lower angle 70° from the nut, sericeous-velutine on both sides; nut narrowly ovoid, sericeous-velutine; areole 5.5–6 × 2–3.5 mm, triangular. Seeds 4.2–4.5 × 2.5–3 mm, testa rugose; embryo ovoid, cotyledons folded.

Specimens analyzed:— BRAZIL. Bahia: Mun. Boa Nova, Parque Nacional de Boa Nova , S14°21’ W40°15’, 600 m, 25 February 2013, fl., Marinho 396 (HUEFS) ; Mun. Caetité, Fazenda Baixa Grande, caminho para Pajeú do Vento , S14°04’03’’ W42°38’12’’, 820 m, 9 February 1997, Stannard 5312 (HUEFS) ; Mun. Coribe, estrada de são Félix do Coribe para Coribe , 22.4 km vilarejo Colônia , S13°41’28’’ W44°15’28’’, 560 m, 7 June 2007, fr., Lopes 1340 (CEPEC, HUEFS) ; loc. cit., Alagoinha , S14°56’00’’ W44°43’56’’, 10 April 2005, fr., Castro 1193 (HUEFS) ; Mun. Iramaia, Fazenda Segredo , 5 December 2001, fl., Leal 246 (EBDA) ; Mun. Itaeté, Chapada Diamantina , próximo ao poço encantado, S12°98’64’ W40°97’25’’, 900 m, 13 November 2014, fr., Guedes 23072 (ALCB) ; Mun. Maracás, Fazenda Tanquinho , ca. 20 km N de Maracás, ramal para Fazenda Santa Rita, na estrada para Planaltino, 30 June 1993, fl., Queiroz 3259 (HUES) ; Mun. Tanhuaçu, Floresta Nacional Contendas do Sincorá, trilha do rio Cumbuca , 13 May 2011, fr., Marinho 31 (HUEFS) ; loc. cit., 50 m da sede, via rio Cumbuca , S13°55’18’’ W41°07’08’’, 377 m, 6 February 2015, fl., Aona 3852 (ALCB, HUEFS, HURB) ; loc. cit., ramal contrário a grade de estrada para sede, S13°55’49’’ W41°05’16’’, 348 m, 6 February 2015, fl., Aona 3892 (ALCB, HUEFS, HURB) ; Mun. Urandi, Fazenda Feijão Preto, 7 km de Urandi no sentido Urandi / Guanambi , S14°43’59’’ W42°39’00’’, 689 m, 9 April 2002, fr., Jost 495 (HUEFS, HRB) . Goiás: Mun. Formoso, region Southern Serra Dourada , S13°45’ W48°50’, 20 June 1956, fl., Dawson 15006 (P) ; Mun. Monte Alegre, Sumidouro , 23 May 2008, fl., Cordeiro 2678 (MBM) . Minas Gerais: Mun. Araguari, Fazenda da Mata , 23 March 1993, fl., Araújo 838 (HUEFS, HUFU) ; Mun. Chapada do Norte, Fazenda Mariléo , 21 May 1990, fr., Lima 163 (PAMG) ; Mun. Mato Verde, São João do Bonito , estrada para as lavras na serra geral, 2.5 km de São João Bonito, 12.5 km rodovia Mato Verde-Monte Azul, BR 122, S15°18’21’’ W42°49’37’’, 7 April 2004, fl. fr., Pirani 5462 (HUEFS, SPF) ; Mun. Medina, entre Itaobim e Medina , S16°50’60’’ W41°28’97’’, 3 September 2008, fr., Oliveira 1611 (HUEFS) ; Mun. Itaobim, margem da BR-116, próximo a ponte sobre o Rio Jequitinhonha , 28 December 1984, fl., Pirani s.n. (HUEFS203426, SPF) .

Distribution, habitat and phenology: — Amorimia velutina is known from Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests in Southwestern Bahia, Northern Minas Gerais, and Eastern Goiás states ( Fig. 12 ), flowering and fruiting throughout the year.

Conservation status: — Amorimia velutina should be regarded as least concern (LC) due to its extent of occurrence of 169,240 km ². However, it is important to highlight that Semi-deciduous forests from the states of Bahia, Goiás and Minas Gerais are now reduced to small fragments.

Etymology: —The epithet makes reference to the velutine indumenta on its leaf blades.

Taxonomic notes: — Amorimia velutina resembles A. pellegrinii and A. rigida on leaf, inflorescence, sepal, petal and gynoecium shape, but differs on the color of sepal glands at anthesis, position of the anterior-lateral petals, size of the filaments, indumenta of the anthers, and the shape of dorsal wing of the samaras. A list of informative characters to differentiate them is presented on Table 1.

Figures

FIGURE 6. Amorimia pellegrinii R.F.Almeida:A. detail of the woody stem; B. abaxial view of a mature leaf; C. sterile branch with young leaves; D. inflorescence, E. detail of bracts and bracteoles, F. flower in frontal view, G. samara in dorsal view; H. detail of the dorsal wing; I. Seasonally Dry Forest from Northern Bahia state (photographs by R.F.Almeida).

FIGURE 7. Amorimia coriacea (Griseb.) R.F.Almeida (based on R.F. Almeida 615): A. abaxial side of a leaf showing vein pattern, B. posterior petal in adaxial view, C. posterior-lateral petal in adaxial view, D. anterior-lateral petal in abaxial view, E. androecium, the first stamen on the left opposite the anterior sepal; F. Stamen showing hairy anther, G. gynoecium with anterior style at center. Amorimia pellegrinii R.F.Almeida (based on R.F. Almeida 614): H. abaxial side of a leaf showing vein pattern, I. posterior petal in adaxial view, J. posterior-lateral petal in adaxial view, K. anterior-lateral petal in abaxial view, L. androecium, the first stamen on the left opposite the anterior sepal; M. stamen showing hairy anther, N. gynoecium with anterior style at center (drawings by Klei Sousa).

FIGURE 8. Amorimia rigida (A.Juss.) W.R.Anderson: A. fruiting branch; B. detail of the inflorescence; C. flower in frontal view; D. bracts showing glands; E. nut in side view; F. samara in dorsal view; G. Seasonally Dry Forest from Jequitinhonha Valley in Northern Minas Gerais state (photographs by R.F.Almeida).

FIGURE 9. Amorimia velutina W.R.Anderson: A. leaf, B. inflorescence, C. samara in dorsal view, and D. Seasonally Dry Forest from Southern Bahia state (photos A-C by L.C. Marinho, and D. by A.C. Marques).

FIGURE 10. Amorimia rigida (A.Juss.) W.R.Anderson (based on R.F. Almeida 561): A. abaxial side of a leaf showing vein pattern; B. posterior petal in adaxial view; C. posterior-lateral petal in adaxial view; D. anterior-lateral petal in abaxial view; E. androecium, the first stamen on the left is opposite the anterior sepal; F. stamen showing hairy anther; G. gynoecium showing anterior style at center.Amorimia velutina W.R.Anderson (based on G. Shepherd 4409): H. abaxial side of a leaf showing vein pattern; I. posterior petal in adaxial view; J. posterior-lateral petal in adaxial view; K. anterior-lateral petal in abaxial view; L. androecium, the first stamen on the left is opposite the anterior sepal; M. stamen showing hairy anther at base; N. gynoecium showing anterior style at center (drawings by Klei Sousa).

FIGURE 11. Illustration plate comparing flowers and fruits from species of the Amorimia rigida complex: Amorimia rigida, A. flower in frontal view, G. samara in dorsal view; Amorimia candidae, B. flower in frontal view, H. samara in dorsal view; Amorimia coriacea, C. flower in frontal view, I. samara in dorsal view; Amorimia pellegrinii, D. flower in frontal view, J. samara in dorsal view; Amorimia andersonii, E. flower in frontal view, K. mature samara unknown; Amorimia velutina, F. flower in frontal view, L. samara in dorsal view (photographs A, B, D, G, H, J—R.F. Almeida, C—M.O.O. Pellegrini, E—F. Michelangeli, I—C.N. Fraga).

FIGURE 12. Distribution map of species from the Amorimia rigida complex in eastern Brazil: white circle—A. andersonii, black circle— A. candidae, white square—A. coriacea, gray triangle—A. pellegrinii, black triangle—A. rigida, dark star—A. velutina. White area— Caatinga domain, light gray area—Atlantic Forest domain, dark gray area—Cerrado domain, dark area—Amazon Forest domain.