Doratomantispa arcimaculata Li et al., 2022

Li, Hongyu, Zhuo, De, Cao, Leran, Wang, Bo, Poinar, George, Ohl, Michael & Liu, Xingyue, 2022, New Cretaceous fossil mantispids highlight the palaeodiversity of the extinct subfamily Doratomantispinae (Neuroptera: Mantispidae), Organisms Diversity & Evolution (New York, N. Y.) 22 (3), pp. 681-730 : 685-690

Doratomantispa arcimaculata Li et al. sp. nov.

Figures 1-4

Diagnosis Pronotum short and robust (LP: WPM = 2.36), nearly as long as pterothorax. Profemoral ISs rows: anteroventral row distally with four gradually shortened processes along distal 1/3 length of profemur, major process with primary branch 2.0 × length of secondary branch; posteroventral row with eight gradually shortened processes, primary process distinctly far from and 3.0 × length of following one, 1.5 × length of secondary branch; protibia dorsally bearing moderately long setae, protibial prostrate setae strongly angularly curved. Forewing with a large dark arcuate marking near middle of wing, proximal 1/4 of costal crossveins proximad pterostigma bifurcated, three ra-rp, CuA with four main branches; hind wing medial inner gradates absent. Male sternum 9 broad and large, shallowly scoop-like, surpassing apex of ectoprocts strongly, c. 3.0 × length of latter; gonocoxites 9 distally simple and obtuse; gonapophyses 10 broad; gonostyli 10 (pseudopenis) short, curved dorsad; ectoprocts ovoid, longer than wide, slightly broadened ventrad.

Description Measurements and proportions. Male. Body length 9.00; LP (0.99): WPM (0.42) = 2.36; LPc (1.70): LPf (1.87) = 0.90; LPf: WPf (0.54) = 3.46; LPP (2.30): LPf = 1.23; LFW (8.49): WFW (3.04) = 2.79; LFPt (1.42): WFPt (0.35) = 4.06; LF2r (0.75): WF2r (0.30) = 2.50; LFim (2.71): WFim (0.28) = 9.68; LHW (6.55): WHW (2.54) = 2.58; LHPt (2.34): WHPt (0.34) = 6.88; LHim (2.17): WHim (0.31) = 7.00.

Morphology. Male. Head. Vertex slightly domed; tubercles bearing sparse, long and thick setae; epicranial suture invisible. Postocular region narrow in lateral view. Antenna reaching pronotal posterior end; scape distally strongly swollen, bearing sparse, long and thick setae, twice as long as wide, and twice as long as pedicel; pedicel as long as wide, and nearly as long as flagellomere 1; flagellum with c. 28 segments; each flagellomere nearly as long as wide; terminal flagellomere invisible. Terminal maxillary palpomere distally tapering into a point, nearly as long as prior one; terminal labial palpomere proximally distinctly swollen and distinctly tapering towards distal acute point, 1.5 × length of prior one. excluding major process; (d) Protarsal ventral conical setae; (i) Protarsus and pretarsus; (j) Meta-tarsi. mp, major process; p, primary process; pb, primary branch; q, quaternary process; sb, secondary branch; t, tertiary process. Scale bars = 1 mm (a, b, e–g, i), 0.1 mm (c, d, h, j)

Thorax. Pronotum short and robust, nearly as long as pterothorax, bearing pedicellate, long and thick setae. Profemur bearing long and dense setae; profemoral ISs rows: anteroventral row with major process arising near proximal 1/5 length of profemur and four gradually shortened processes (all processes arranged in the order of length) along distal 1/3 length of profemur, primary branch over 3/4 × length of protibia and 2.0 × length of secondary branch; posteroventral row with eight gradually shortened processes, primary process distinctly far from following processes, very long, 3.0 × length of following process, 1.5 × length of secondary branch; protibia dorsally bearing moderately long setae; protibial prostrate setae strongly angularly curved, 13 New Cretaceous fossil mantispids highlight the palaeodiversity of the extinct subfamily… 689 visible; protarsus: tarsomere 1 nearly as long as tarsomeres 2–3 combined, tarsomere 2 nearly as long as tarsomere 3, tarsomere 4 slightly shorter than tarsomere 3, tarsomeres 1–4 ventrally bearing 11, 5, 2, 2 conical setae respectively, roughly arranged in two rows. Mid and hind legs bearing dense long setae; meso- and meta-tarsi each with tarsomere 1 nearly as long as tarsomeres 2–5 combined, tarsomere 2 c. 1.5 × length of tarsomere 3, slightly longer than tarsomere 5, tarsomeres 3 and 4 subequal, tarsomeres 1–4 distally bearing 3, 3, 5, 7 pairs of thickened setae respectively; two simple pretarsal claws; arolium sac-like, with rounded apex.

Wing elliptical, branches of RP, M, CuA, and CuP with dense apical twigging. Forewing with small dark markings on scp-ra, origin of M, ra-rp, outer gradates, 2 m-cu, and cua-cup, a large dark arcuate marking near middle of wing, extending from 2ra-rp to MP1, several pale brown, cloudy markings along outer and posterior wing margin; trichosors absent on proximal part of anterior and posterior margins; costal space moderately broad, directly extending to pterostigma; ScA invisible; recurrent humeral vein simple; 21 costal crossveins proximad pterostigma, 1/4 of them bifurcated; pterostigma distinct, commencing at level near 2ra-rp, extending to 3/5 length of 3r cell, with distal margin sinuous and moderately oblique; incorporated veinlets obscure; subcostal space distally slightly broadened proximad pterostigma, with only one crossvein distinctly distal to original point of RP; three ra-rp; 3r cell with one RA branch running to costal margin distad pterostigma; RP originating near proximal 1/5 length of wing, with six main branches proximally smooth; five outer gradates; proximal r-m present; 1rp-m slightly distal to primary branching point of M; M diverging from R proximal to lm-cu for a short distance; im cell with four main branches; 1 m-cu distinctly distal to Cu branching point; 2 m-cu distinctly distal to cua-cup; CuA nearly pectinately branched at median, with four main branches; CuP pectinately branched at median with three main branches; A1 with two main branches, each bifurcated or simple; A2 bifurcated distally; A3 simple.

Hind wing similar to forewing, but immaculate; costal space very narrow, with 18 simple crossveins visible proximad pterostigma along its entire length; pterostigma longer; subcostal space slightly narrower, veinless; original point of RP closer to wing base, with four branches; four outer gradates; 1rp-m upright, distinctly proximal to primary branching point of M; im cell with two main branches; CuA pectinately branched, long, with eight main branches, most distally bifurcated; CuP reduced, proximally weak, with two simple branches; A1 distally bifurcated; A2 simple.

Terminalia bearing dense, long, soft setae. Tergum 9 dorsally very narrow, ventrally broadened, bearing setae sparser than sternum 9 and ectoprocts, separate from ectoprocts; sternum 9 broad and large, shallowly scoop-like, surpassing apex of ectoprocts strongly, c. 3.0 × length of latter; gonocoxites 9 stout, distally simple, rounded and obtuse, scleritized strongly; gonocoxites 10 invisible; gonapophyses 10 broad; gonostyli 10 (pseudopenis) short, curved dorsad; ectoprocts ovoid, longer than wide, slightly broadened ventrad; callus cerci present.

Female unknown.

Material examined Holotype, NIGP 177985 , amber piece preserving a complete male adult of D. arcimaculata sp. nov. and a dipteran. Amber shaped in the form of a long ovoid transparent cabochon, with length × width c. 30.32 × 14.53 mm, height c. 6.42 mm.

Etymology The specific epithet “arcimaculata ” is a combination of “arca” (Latin, from “arcus,” meaning “arc”) and “maculata” (Latin, from “macula,” meaning “macular”) in reference to the large dark arcuate marking near the middle of the forewing.

Remarks Doratomantispa arcimaculata sp. nov. is similar to D. zhangwenjuni sp. nov., D. longa , and D. pubescens in the profemoral posteroventral row with the primary process distinctly far from the following one (i.e., the gap between primary and the following first process distinctly wider than that between the following first and second processes) [this character separates these four species from the remaining members of Doratomantispa except D. zhangzhiqiae sp. nov. (profemur unknown)], but it can be distinguished by the major process with the primary branch 2.0 × length of the secondary branch from the latter three species. Furthermore, it can be distinguished from D. zhangwenjuni sp. nov. by (1) the protibial prostrate setae strongly angularly curved, (2) the absence of distinct stripe (formed by markings on 2 m-cu, cua-cup, and between CuP and A1) on posteroproximal portion of forewing, (3) the male sternum 9 strongly surpassing the apex of ectoprocts, and (4) the male gonostyli 10 short, curved dorsad. It can be distinguished from D. longa by the male gonocoxites 9 distally rounded and obtuse. It also differs from D. pubescens by the short pronotum (LP: WPM = 2.36) and the presence of forewing markings. Finally, it differs from D. zhangzhiqiae sp. nov. by the presence of a forewing medial arcuate marking, the absence of a distinct stripe on the posteroproximal portion of the forewing, the male sternum 9 strongly surpassing the apex of ectoprocts, and the male gonocoxite 9 distally simple.

The right profemur of this new species is distinctly deformed due to the preservation, but the relative length of the primary to secondary branch of the major process and the relative length of the primary to the following process of the posteroventral row are still identical to those.

Figures

Fig. 1 Doratomantispa arcimaculata sp. nov., holotype, male. (a, b) Habitus, lateral view; (c–e) head: (c) frontolateral view; (d, e) lateral view. spa, supra-antennal area; tu, tubercle; ve, vertex. Scale bars = 5 mm (a, b), 0.5 mm (c-e)

Fig. 2 Legs of Doratomantispa arcimaculata sp. nov., holotype, male. (a-i) Foreleg (profemoral anteroventral row in green, posteroventral row in orange): (a, b; e, f) Left and right posterior surface, respectively, arrow 1 indicates the angularly curved prostrate setae (near Type k4), arrow 2 indicates the conical setae (Type k3); (c, h) Protibial ventral prostrate setae; (g) Profemoral anteroventral row

Fig.3 Wings of Doratomantispa arcimaculata sp. nov., holotype, male. (a, b) Right and left forewing, respectively; (c) Right hind wing. im, intermedian cell; r, radial cell. Scale bar = 2 mm

Fig. 4 (a-d) Terminalia of Doratomantispa arcimaculata sp. nov., holotype, male, lateral view. S, sternum; T, tergum; cc, callus cerci; ect, ecto- procts; gp, gonapophyses; gst, gonostyli; gx, gonocoxites. Scale bar = 0.1 mm