Sonesimia grossa (Signoret)

Defea, Bárbara, Virla, Eduardo G., Logarzo, Guillermo A., Cavichioli, Rodney R., Tapia, Silvia, Aguirre, Máximo R., Kay, Fernando Mc, Martin, Santiago & Paradell, Susana L., 2022, Contributions to the knowledge of the Cicadellini sharpshooters (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) associated with citrus orchards in Argentina, Zootaxa 5205 (1), pp. 55-72 : 66-68

Sonesimia grossa (Signoret)

( Fig 1n )

Female genitalia ( Fig. 4a–h ). Abdominal sternite VII ( Fig. 4a ), in ventral view, maximum width 1.7 times its median length; posterolateral margins globose, posterior margin convex, broadly emarginated medially; dispersed microsetae on posterodorsal surface. Internal sternite VIII ( Fig. 4b ) mainly membranous, areas in contact with valvifer and valvula I more sclerotized. Pygofer ( Fig 4c ), in lateral view, with posterior margin moderately produced; surface with submarginal macrosetae along ventral margin and numerous dispersed microsetae. Valvifer I ( Fig 4d ), in lateral view, subquadrangular; surface covered by dispersed microsetae, concentrated on dorsal margin. Valvula I ( Fig. 4f, g ), in lateral view, lanceolate, almost rectilinear with basal portion curved dorsally; DSA extending along apical third of shaft, formed mostly by filiform processes, arranged obliquely. VSA less developed, covering preapical portion of shaft, formed by oblique filiform processes. VID long, extending along basal three fourths of shaft; apex acute, both dorsal and ventral preapical margins not denticulate ( Fig. 4g ). Valvifer II ( Fig 4e ), in lateral view, subtriangular, dorsal surface covered by disperse spiniform processes; anteroventral margin heavily sclerotized. Valvula II ( Fig. 4h, i ), in lateral view, with dorsal and ventral margins almost parallel, without teeth. Valvulae fused until basal half of shaft. Ducts visible on apical half reaching dorsal, preapical and apical margins of shaft. Preapical prominence absent. Preapical portion acute, apex rounded ( Fig 4i ). Gonoplacs ( Fig. 4j ), in lateral view, with anterior portion narrow, expanded basally, 0.3 times shorter than posterior portion, distinctly expanded; surface with long submarginal macrosetae along ventral margin; apex widely rounded.

Distribution. Argentina ( Young 1977): Misiones ( Remes Lenicov et al. 1999), Corrientes ( Defea, 2018) Entre Ríos ( Dellapé et al. 2016). New records: Tucumán (El Siambón), Chaco (Resistencia),

Associated plants. Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb. var. Valencia, Criolla ( Remes Lenicov et al. 1999, Dellapé et al. 2016), Coffea sp. ( Silva et al. 2007). New records: Nicotiana tabacum L. ( Fabaceae ), Eucalyptus sp. (Myrtaceae) , Eryngium sp. (Apiaceae) , Hyptis mutabilis (Rich.) Briquet (Lamiaceae) .

Biological data. In Misiones province, this is a frequent species on spontaneous vegetation associated with citrus plants being recorded thought the year with three population increases ( Remes Lenicov et al. 1999). In Entre Rios province, was collected sporadically on the vegetation ( Dellapé et al. 2016). Both studies confirm their low frequency on citrus plants.

Natural enemies. Stresiptera Halictophagidae ( Remes Lenicov et al. 1999) and the entomopathogenic fungus Clonostachys rosea (Link: Fries) Schroers, Samuels, Seifert, and Gams ( Toledo et al. 2006).

Phytosanitary importance. Confirmed vector of X. fastidiosa subsp. pauca , to citrus ( Fundecitrus 1999) and olive plants ( Lopes & Froza 2021). This species is also considered as a potential vector in coffee ( Leite and Nunes 2003). In Argentina, de Coll et al. (2000) carried out detection studies on specimens collected in citrus orchards from Misiones that revealed that S. grossa hosts X. fastidiosa .

Figures

FIGURE 1. Dorsal habitus Cicadellini species associated with citrus orchards in Argentina. A. Borogonalia impresscifrons, B. Bucepahlogonia xanthophis, C. Diedrocephala bimaculata, D. Dilobopterus costalimai, E. Erhythrogonia. dottaga, F. Fonsecaiulus sciotus, G. Macugonalia cavifrons, H. M. leucomelas, I. M. sobrina, J. Scopogonalia osteiphera, K. S. penicula, L. S. subolivacea, M. Sonesimia grossa, N. Scoposcartula limitata. Scales= 2mm.

FIGURE 4. Female genitalia of Sonesimia grossa. A. Sternite VII, B. Sternite VIII, anterior view, C. pygofer, lateral view, D. Valvifer I, E. Valvifer II, F–G. Valvula I, lateral view: F. general aspect. G. apex, H–I Valvula II, lateral view: H. lateral aspect, I. apex, J. Gonoplac, lateral view. Scales= 0,5 mm.