Entomobrya barbata, Santos & Santos-Costa & Siqueira & Godeiro & Bellini, 2020

Santos, Nathália Michelly Da Cunha, Santos-Costa, Renata Clicia Dos, Siqueira, Orquianne Judy Rafael, Godeiro, Nerivânia Nunes & Bellini, Bruno Cavalcante, 2020, Two new species of Entomobrya Rondani (Collembola, Entomobryidae) from northeastern Brazil and comments on the genus, Zootaxa 4731 (1), pp. 43-62 : 52-59

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4731.1.3
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:17BC9241-EDD2-476D-AE5E-1C18E8C50EF7
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2D6CACA2-DE4E-43F7-AB5C-CDDEECF82338
taxon LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:act:2D6CACA2-DE4E-43F7-AB5C-CDDEECF82338
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Entomobrya barbata
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Entomobrya barbata sp. nov. Siqueira & Bellini

Figs 25 – 45 View FIGURE 25 View FIGURES 26–29 View FIGURES 30–32 View FIGURES 33–36 View FIGURES 37–39 View FIGURES 40–45 , Table 1 View TABLE 1

Type Material. Holotype female in slide ( CC /UFRN): Brazil, Bahia State, Abaíra municipality, Catolés district, nearby Pico do Barbado , Chapada Diamantina National Park , (12° 59’52’’ 41° 24’21’’W), 07.xi.2013, B.C. Bellini, B.C. & A.S. Ferreira coll. Paratypes in slides ( CC /UFRN): 2 males and 6 females, same data as holotype .

Diagnosis. Trunk colour pattern with pigmented lateral edges on Th. II – Abd. III, posterior Th. II and Abd. IV, central Th. III, Abd. III and Abd. VI, and entire Abd. V ( Fig. 25 View FIGURE 25 ). Dorsal chaetotaxy of head lacking M1, M3, S0–1 mac, An series with 5 mac ( Fig. 29 View FIGURES 26–29 ). Prelabral chaetae ciliate ( Fig. 30 View FIGURES 30–32 ). Labial chaetae M, E, L1–2 ciliate, others smooth, R absent ( Fig. 32 View FIGURES 30–32 ). Trunk dorsal chaetotaxy reduced ( Figs 33–39 View FIGURES 33–36 View FIGURES 37–39 ). Th. II lacking m1–2, m5, p series lacking central multiplets, with 1–2 central mac ( Fig. 33 View FIGURES 33–36 ). Th. III chaetotaxy strongly reduced, lacking secondary and p2 mac ( Fig. 34 View FIGURES 33–36 ). Abd. I – III with 1 central mac each, Abd. IV with 3 – 4 central and 7 lateral mac ( Figs 35 – 38 View FIGURES 33–36 View FIGURES 37–39 ). Unguiculi acuminate with up to 3 teeth on posterior edge ( Fig. 40 View FIGURES 40–45 ). Trochanteral organ with 9 – 12 smooth spinelike chaetae ( Fig. 41 View FIGURES 40–45 ). Ventral tube anteriorly with 3+3 distal mac ( Fig. 42 View FIGURES 40–45 ). Mucro teeth subequal; mucronal spine surpassing the apex of proximal tooth ( Fig. 45 View FIGURES 40–45 ).

Description. Habitus typical of Entomobrya ( Fig. 25 View FIGURE 25 ), average body length (head + trunk) 1.42 mm, holotype length 1.62 mm. Specimens fixed in ethanol with yellowish to white background with blue pigment on antennae, lateral Th. II – Abd. III, posterior Th. II and Abd. IV, central Th. III, Abd. III and Abd. VI, and entire Abd. V; light pigments on legs and distal furca; eyes black ( Fig. 25 View FIGURE 25 ).

Head ( Figs 26 – 32 View FIGURES 26–29 View FIGURES 30–32 ). Antennae shorter than trunk, ratio antennae: body of holotype 1:2.38; ratio antennal segments of holotype Ant. I: II: III: IV equal 1:1.97:2:2.29. Ant. IV lacking subdivisions or clear annulations, with an apically bilobed or simple apical bulb ( Fig. 26 View FIGURES 26–29 ) (one specimen abnormally with one six-lobed apical bulb), with ciliate chaetae and smooth sens of different sizes plus a dorsal modified short sens; ventrally with a subapical modified large sens ( Fig. 26 View FIGURES 26–29 ). Ant. III sense organ typical with 2 sensory rods and 3 small guard sensilla ( Fig. 27 View FIGURES 26–29 ). Eyes 8+8, largest lenses ‘A’ to ‘F’, smallest ‘G’ and ‘H’, with 3 interocular chaetae (p as mac, s and t as mes) ( Figs 28–29 View FIGURES 26–29 ). Head dorsal chaetotaxy as in Fig. 29 View FIGURES 26–29 , with antennal (An) series with 5 (An1a–3); anterior (A) series with 4 (A0, A2–3 and A5); medial (M) series with 1 – 2 (M2 and M4, M4 as mes in some specimens); sutural (S) series with 4 (S2–5); post-sutural (Ps) series with 0 – 2 (Ps3, Ps5, both as mes in some specimens); Pi2? mac/mes present; post-occipital anterior (Pa) series with 2 – 3 (Pa1, Pa3, Pa5, Pa1 as mes in some specimens); post-occipital medial (Pm) series with 1 – 2 (Pm1 and Pm3, Pm1 as mes in some specimens); and post-occipital posterior (Pp) series with 3 – 4 (Pp1, Pp3–Pp5, Pp1 as mes in some specimens) mac; Pp1e, Pe3 and at least 1 more postero-external mac also present. Labrum as in Fig. 30 View FIGURES 30–32 with 4 prelabral ciliate chaetae (pl1–2) and with 5 (p0–2), 5 (m0–2), 4 (a1–2) smooth chaetae, p0–1 longer than other labral chaetae; labral papillae with multiple projections (about 4–7 projections each). Maxillary palp with 1 apical appendage and 1 subapical chaeta, subequal and smooth; sublobal plate with 3 chaetae-like internal appendages ( Fig. 31 View FIGURES 30–32 ). Labium as in Fig. 32 View FIGURES 30–32 with 5 main papillae (A–E) with respectively 0, 5, 0, 4, 4 guard chaetae; lateral process (l.p.) thin and apically rounded not reaching papilla E apex; papilla H with 2 guard chaetae (not represented); labial palp with 5 smooth proximal chaetae. Labial basomedian and basolateral fields with a1–5 as smooth chaetae, M, E, L1–2 as ciliate chaetae; R absent ( Fig. 32 View FIGURES 30–32 ). Post-labial region only with ciliate chaetae, ventral groove with 5 – 6 marginal chaetae, posterior chaeta longer than anterior ones (not represented).

Trunk dorsal chaetotaxy ( Figs 33 – 39 View FIGURES 33–36 View FIGURES 37–39 ). Th. II to Abd V dorsal sens and ms formulae as 22/122+3 and 10/10100 respectively. Trunk dorsal mac reduced, lacking most secondary multiplets and part of primary chaetae. Th. II ( Fig. 33 View FIGURES 33–36 ), excluding anterior collar, with 1 anterior (a5), 0 – 1 medial (m4 present or absent) and 3 – 4 posterior (p1, p4–6; p1 present, absent or mes) mac; m1–2, m5 absent. Th. III ( Fig. 34 View FIGURES 33–36 ) with 3 – 4 anterior (a2, a4–6; a2 present or absent), 0 – 1 medial (m7 mac or mes) and 2 – 4 posterior (p1, p3, p6–6p, p6p mac or mes, p1 present or absent) mac. Abd. I ( Fig. 35 View FIGURES 33–36 ) with 2 – 3 medial (m4–6, m5 mac or mes) and one posterior (p6) mac. Abd. II ( Fig. 36 View FIGURES 33–36 ) with 2 bothriotricha (m2 and a5), 1 central (m3) and 1 lateral (m5) mac. Abd. III ( Fig. 37 View FIGURES 37–39 ) with 3 bothriotricha (m2, a5 and m5), 1 central (m3) and 3 lateral (pm6, p6 and p7) mac. Abd. IV ( Fig. 38 View FIGURES 37–39 ) with 2 bothriotricha (T2, T4), 3 – 4 central (B4, B6, C4 and T7, C4 as mac or mes) and 7 lateral (D3, E3, Ee3, F1–3) mac; at least 11 sensilla present (possibly many more), ps and as present; 6+6 or 7+7 centro-posterior mes. Abd. V ( Fig. 39 View FIGURES 37–39 ) with 0 – 1 anterior (a5, mac or mes), 2 – 3 medial (m2–3, m5; m3 present, absent or mes) and 5 posterior (p1, p3–5 and ap6) mac.

Legs ( Figs 40–41 View FIGURES 40–45 ). Trochanteral organ with 9 – 12 spine-like smooth chaetae ( Fig. 41 View FIGURES 40–45 shows 11 chaetae). Tibiotarsus III with apparently smooth tenent-hair longer than unguis, smooth chaeta opposite to tenent-hair present ( Fig. 40 View FIGURES 40–45 ). Empodial complex with anterior and posterior pretarsal chaetae; unguis with 4 inner teeth (one proximal pair larger than the unpaired medial and distal teeth) and 3 external teeth (one lateral pair plus one small dorsal); unguiculus lanceolate with posterior edge with up to 3 very small teeth ( Fig. 40 View FIGURES 40–45 ).

Abdominal appendages ( Figs 42 – 45 View FIGURES 40–45 ). Ventral tube anterior face with 3 anterior mac plus 9 – 11 mes ( Fig. 42 View FIGURES 40–45 ); posterior side with 3 – 4 smooth chaetae ( Fig. 43 View FIGURES 40–45 ); lateral flap unclear. Distal ventral face of manubrium with 3+3 to 5+5 apical chaetae. Manubrial plate (dorsal face) with 2 pseudopores and 3 – 4 ciliate chaetae ( Fig. 44 View FIGURES 40–45 ). Dens normally crenulate, proximally with 2–3 clubbed chaetae on dorsal face. Mucro teeth subequal; mucronal spine surpassing the apex of proximal tooth ( Fig. 45 View FIGURES 40–45 ).

Etymology. Barbatus means “beard” in Latin. The new species was named after its type locality, nearby Pico do Barbado (in English, “peak of the bearded man”).

Habitat. Entomobrya barbata sp. nov. was found in Chapada Diamantina National Park, in the southern region of Caatinga phytogeographic domain from rocky and sandy soil surrounded by forested areas. The climate of this area is “Aw” according to the Köppen-Geiger system—equatorial climate with dry desert-like summer ( Kottek et al. 2006). The specimens were collected during the raining season.

Remarks. The most similar species to E. barbata sp. nov. is E. linda Soto-Adames, 2002 . They share a similar colour pattern with lateral stripes and Th. III almost entirely dark, a similar labial and postlabial chaetotaxy, trochanteral organ and empodial complex morphology plus an overall reduced dorsal macrochaetotaxy, lacking M1 and M3 mac on head and with several reductions on trunk. However, the new species can be separated from E. linda specially in: l.p. of labial papilla E short, not reaching the apex of the papilla (longer and surpassing the apex in E. linda ); An series on dorsal head with 5 mac (4 in E. linda ); Th. II with 1–2 central p mac (3 in E. linda ); Abd. IV with 3 – 4 central mac (2 in E. linda ); and manubrial plate with 2 pseudopores (1 in E. linda ).

The color pattern with sole lateral stripes of pigment seen in E. barbata sp. nov. partially resembles E. ligata Folsom, 1924 , E. multifasciata ( Tullberg, 1871) , E. unifasciata Katz & Soto-Adames, 2015 in Katz et al. (2015) , E. nivalis , E. atrocincta and somehow the Brazilian E. uambae . The new species can be readily separated from the first five taxa due to its remarkably reduced dorsal chaetotaxy, lacking M1 and M3 mac on head, with reduced p series in Th. II, reduced a and p series on Th. III, absence of a5 mac on Abd. I, presence of only one central mac on Abd. II (m3) and the complete absence of A series on Abd. IV (the opposite in the other species, see Katz & Soto-Adames, 2015). Compared to E. uambae , which dorsal chaetotaxy and labral morphology are unknown so far, E. barbata sp. nov. can be distinguished due to more marked lateral stripes of pigment on trunk (apparently reduced to almost not existent in E. uambae ), antennae clearly shorter than trunk (longer in E. uambae ) and dens normally crenulate (with few crenulations and almost rigid in E. uambae ).

The reduced chaetotaxy of E. barbata sp. nov. resembles partially E. assuta Folsom, 1924 sensu Katz & Soto- Adames, 2015 and E. longiseta Soto-Adames, 2002 . The new species can be separated from them in color pattern (lacking lateral stripes in E. assuta and uniformly pigmented in E. longiseta ), absence of M1 and M3 mac on head (both present in E. assuta and E. longiseta ), absence of m3e mac on Abd. II (present in E. assuta ), absence of a2 mac on Abd. III (present in E. assuta ), and on Abd. IV absence of A6 and C1 and presence of T7 mac (A6 and C1 present in E. assuta , T7 apparently as mes in E. longiseta ). The new species also differs from E. assuta in trochanteral organ with 9 – 12 chaetae (up to 23 in E. assuta ) and from E. longiseta in manubrial plate with 3 – 4 chaetae and 2 pseudopores (2 chaetae and 1 pseudopore in E. longiseta ). More comparisons among the cited species are presented in Table 1 View TABLE 1 .