Lophiodes infrabrunneus Smith and Radcliffe, 1912

Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Séret, Bernard & Shao, Kwang-Tsao, 2009, Redescription of Lophiodes infrabrunneus Smith and Radcliffe, 1912, a senior synonym of L. abdituspinus Ni, Wu and Li, 1990 (Lophiiformes: Lophiidae), Zootaxa 2326, pp. 62-68 : 63-65

Lophiodes infrabrunneus Smith and Radcliffe, 1912

( Fig. 1–2 )

[English names: Shortspine goosefish, shortspine monkfish]

Lophiodes infrabrunneus Smith and Radcliffe in Radcliffe 1912:202 (Holotype: USNM 70265; the Philippines). Herre, 1953: 852 (list, the Philippines). Caruso, 1981: 537 (review, the Philippines). Paxton et al. 1989:273 (catalog, NW Australia). Caruso, 1999: 2008. Hutchins, 2001: 22 (catalog, NW Australia). Su and Li, 2002:343 (description, E China Sea and S China Sea). Paxton et al., 2006: 605 (catalog, NW Australia).

Lophiodes abdituspinus Ni, Wu and Li 1990:341 (Holotype: SCSFRI D-2583; South China Sea). Su and Li, 2002:341 (description, E China Sea and S China Sea). Ho and Shao, 2008:372.

Lophiodes sp. (cf. L. infrabrunneus ): Ho and Shao, 2008:372.

Material examined. Lophiodes infrabrunneus : Holotype. USNM 70265, 258 mm SL, R/V Albatross, sta. 5488, 10°00’00”N, 125°06’45”E, between Leyte and Mindanao, Philippines, 1412 m, 31 July 1909. Paratypes. USNM 122281, 149 mm SL, R/V Albatross, sta. 5410, 10°28’45”N, 124°05’30”E, Between Cebu and Leyte, Philippines, 18 March 1909; USNM 122282, 122 mm SL, R/V Albatross, sta. D5219, 13°21’00”N, 122°18’45°E, Between Marinduque and Luzon, Philippines, 969 m, 23 April 1908; USNM 122283, 2 specimens, 34.5– 89.8 mm SL, R/V Albatross, sta. D5373, 13°40’N, 121°31’10”E, Marinduque, Philippines, 618 m, 2 March 1909; USNM 122284, 77.4 mm SL, R/V Albatross, sta. D5508, 8°17’24”N, 124°11’42”, Northern Mindanao, Philippines, 494 m, 5 August 1909; USNM 122285, 65.1 mm SL, R/V Albatross, sta. 5407, 10°51’38”N, 124°20’54”E, Leyte, Philippines, 640 m, 17 March 1909; USNM 122286, 123 mm SL, R/ V Albatross, sta. 5511, 8°15’20”N, 123°57’E, Northern Mindanao, Philippines, 750 m, 7 August 1909; USNM 150918, 87 mm SL, /V Albatross, sta. D5406, 10°49’03”N, 124°22’30”E, Leyte, Philippines, 545 m, 17 March 1909. Non-type. Japan: BSKU 12989, 58 mm SL, Tosa Bay, 350– 450 m. East China Sea: BSKU 27983, 45 mm SL, 28°50’N, 127°14’E, Okinawa trough, 700–740 m; BSKU 26331, 75 mm SL, 25°37.7’N, 122°53.6’E, Okinawa trough, 560– 692 m. The Philippines: MNHN 1978–0704, 201 mm SL, 13°40’00”N, 120°30’0”E, 757 m, Mar. 1976; ZMUC 921970, 70.1 mm, 12°12’N, 124°14’E, east of Cebu, 780 m; ZMNC P922444, 43 mm SL, 11°43’N, 121°43’E, 1170 m. Timor Sea: BSKU 16700, 146 mm SL, 9°27’S, 127°58.6’E, 690– 850 m. Salomon Is.: MNHN 2005-3434, 258 mm SL, 8°45.54’S, 159°45.6’E, 708–828 m, 21 Oct. 2004; MNHN 2005-2569, 81 mm SL, 6°53.0’S, 156°23.6’E, 208–230 m, 31 Oct. 2004. Australia: AMS I.22814-032, 2 specimens, 84–190 mm SL, 18°29’S, 116°36’E, northwest shelf, 696–704 m; AMS I.22816-016, 2 specimens, 97–116 mm SL, 18°40’S, 116°44’E, northwest shelf, 594– 612 m. Lophiodes abdituspinus : Holotype. SCSFI D–2583: now deposited in Shanghai Fishery University, 215 mm SL, 20°22’N, 115°52’E to 20°22’05”N, 115°57’05”E, South China Sea, depth 665– 649 m.

Diagnosis. A species of Lophiodes with three dorsal spines, postcephalic spine absent; illicium relatively short, 13.3–24.2% SL; second dorsal spine relatively short, 12.2–21.2% SL; third dorsal spine relatively short, 9.1–20.6% SL; esca a leaf-like flap ( Fig. 2 ); and tendrils present on second and third dorsal spine.

Description. Selected meristic and morphometric data are given in Table 1. Data of the holotype of L. abdituspinus is taken from the original description and confirmed by the first author.

Dorsal fin spines 3; dorsal fin rays 8 (7–8); pectoral fin rays 16 (16–20); anal fin rays 6; caudal fin rays 9; vertebrae 19.

Body olive-shaped, tapering posteriorly; tendrils present along edges of head, trunk, and tail; head strongly depressed; gill opening extending in front of pectoral fin base; frontal ridge straight and smooth; mouth large, lower jaw extend beyond upper jaws anteriorly. Interorbital space flat, not forming a deep trough; eyes large, directed dorsolaterally. Teeth on premaxilla enlarged, forming three rows; those on maxilla small and in a single row; on lower jaw forming three rows, inner row largest; on vomer forming discrete groups on two outmost sides; on palatine small, forming a single row; on tongue (ceratobranchial V) forming two V-shaped patches; on pharygobranchial II and III forming small and rounded patches.

Illicium relative short (13.3–24.2.2% SL versus 16.7–54.9% SL in all congeners), when folded back reaching level of sphenotic spines in larger specimens, more than 190 mm SL, reaching level of posterior frontal spine in the rest specimens; esca a leaf-like transparent flap; second dorsal spine short (12.2–21.2% SL), shorter than illicium; third dorsal spine relative short (9.1–20.6% SL versus 17.1–64.0% SL in all congeners), when folded back reaching level of humeral spine in specimens larger than 200 mm SL, slightly beyond in the rest; fourth to sixth dorsal spine (postcephalic dorsal spines) completely absent.

Palatial spines stout and blunt; frontal ridge smooth, without any knob; posterior frontal with two or three blunt spines, anterior one directed forward, the rest directed laterally; inner frontal spine absent; inner sphenotic spines strong and sharp, not recurved; outer phenotic spines blunt; epiotic spines present, relatively strong; quadrate spines low; articular spines blunt, anterior one much reduced; hyomandibular spines strong and sharp, forming two lower knobs in some smaller specimens; opercular spines blunt, forming small knobs in specimens smaller than 70 mm SL; subopercular and interopercular spines strong and sharp; cleithral spines strong and sharp; humeral spines well developed, with 2–3 forks in specimens larger than 200 mm SL, simple to bifurcated in rest.

Coloration. Preserved specimens light to dark brown in dorsal surface, paler in ventral surface; all fins darker than body, paler distally; peritoneum black.

Size. Range of studied specimens: 43 – 258 mm SL (<40 cm SL in Caruso, 1999).

L. infrabrunneus L. abdituspinus L. infrabrunneus

Holotype Holotype Types and non-types

Standard length (mm) 258 215 58–258 (n=20)

Measurements in % SL Range X SD Head length (HL) 34.4 34.0 26.3–37.0 32.0 3.4 Tail length (TL) 28.5 34.9 25.0–34.4 30.3 3.2 Illicial length ( IL) 21.1 17.5 13.3–24.2 17.3 1.8 2nd dorsal spine length (DS2) 21.2 14.5 12.2–21.2 14.1 1.3 3rd dorsal spine length (DS3) 9.1 6.0 9.1–20.6 15.1 2.3 Measurements in % HL Distribution. Known from off southern Japan, East China Sea, South China Sea, Salomon Islands, Timor Sea, the Philippines, and from off north–western Australia in eastern Indian Ocean ( Fig. 3 ) at depths between 208–1412 m (494–1560 m in Caruso, 1999).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Holotype of Lophiodes infrabrunneus, USNM 70265, 258 mm SL, from the Philippines. A. dorsal view; B. ventral view.

FIGURE 2. Esca of Lophiodes infrabrunneus, MNHN 2055 – 3434, 258 mm SL. Bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 3. Distribution of Lophiodes infrabrunneus. Open dot indicates the holotype locality, one dot may represent more than one capture.