Zygaspis violacea (Peters)

GANS, CARL, 2005, Checklist And Bibliography Of The Amphisbaenia Of The World, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2005 (289), pp. 1-130 : 40-41

Zygaspis violacea (Peters)

Amphisbaena violacea (part) W.C.H. Peters, 1854: 620. TYPE LOCALITY: restricted by Broadley and Broadley (1997: 20) to Inhambane, Mozambique. Syntypes: ZMB 4814 (Inhambane), ZMB 9420 (Lourenzo­Marques).

Cynisca ? violacea Gray, 1872: 36 .

Amphisbaena violacea violacea Gans, 1967a: 75 (part).

Zygaspis violacea (part) Broadley and Gans, 1978b: 331.

Zygaspis longicauda Broadley, 1990: 483 . TYPE LOCALITY: Magaruque Island, Mozambique.

DISCUSSION OF FORM: Broadley and Broadley (1997: 20, and references therein). FitzSimons (1943: 378) and Manaças (1957b: 165).

RANGE: Southern coast of Mozambique.

FAMILY BIPEDIDAE (Bipes)

Genus Bipes Latreille

Bipes Latreille, 1802: 90 . Type species: Bipes canaliculatus Bonnaterre , by monotypy.

Microdipus Hermann, 1804: 289 . Type species: Microdipus (= Bipes ) canaliculatus by monotypy.

Bimanus Oppel, 1811: 45 . Type species: Chamaesaura propus (= B. canaliculatus ), by monotypy.

Chirotes Cuvier, 1817: 62 . Type species: ‘‘ Bimane cannelé ’’ (= B. canaliculatus ), by monotypy.

Hemichirotes Dugès in Cope, 1894: 437. Type species: Hemichirotes tridactylus , by monotypy.

Euchirotes Cope, 1894: 436 . Type species: Euchirotes biporus , by monotypy.

See discussion in Smith and Taylor (1950b: 37).

Bipes biporus (Cope)

Euchirotes biporus Cope, 1894: 436 . TYPE LOCAL­

ITY: ‘‘ Cape San Lucas, Lower California’’ (=

Baja California, Mexico). Lectotype: USNM

21324 (Cochran, 1961: 110). Lectoparatypes:

CAS 50187; MCZ 11813; USNM 8568, 12599,

21316, 21317, 21320–21325 (La Paz, Baja Cal­

ifornia, in the catalog of the United States Na­

tional Museum).

Euchirotes diporus Cope, 1896c: 313 . Lapsus ,

hence not available (International Code of Zoo­

logical Nomenclature, 1961: art. 33b).

DISCUSSION OF FORM: Smith and Taylor (1950b: 38). See also Bogert (1964, biology), Bowler (1977, longevity), Cendrero (1972, distribution), Cochran (1961, list), Dial et al. (1987, biomechanics), Flores­Villela and Gerez (1988, ecology), Gans and Shaw (1963, biomechanics), Gorman et al. (1971, biochemistry), Gundy (1977, experimental biology), Harris et al. (1999, molecular phylogeny), Huang and Gans (1971, chromosomes), MacGregor and Klosterman (1979, chromosomes), McPeak (2000), Miller (1966a, inner ear anatomy), Mullen (1967, physiology), Papenfuss (1982, ecology and systematics), Rhoten (1970, histology), Smith and Taylor (1950a, distribution), Stebbins (1985, identification), Wever and Gans (1972, anatomy and physiology of ear), and Zangerl (1944, skull; 1945, postcranial skeleton).

RANGE: The cape region of southern Baja California, Mexico.

Bipes canaliculatus (Bonnaterre)

Bipes canaliculatus Bonnaterre, 1789: 68 . TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Mexico’’; restricted to ‘‘Mexcala, Guerrero’’, Mexico ( Smith and Taylor, 1950a: 332, 1950b: 39). Type: Name based on ‘‘le cannele´’’ of La Cépède, 1788–1789: 613; possibly MHNP A1151.

Lacerta lumbricoides Shaw and Nodder, 1795 ( 1795 –1802, vol. 3, pt. 1): 212. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Mexico’’; restricted to ‘‘Mexcala, Guerrero,’’ Mexico ( Smith and Taylor, 1950b: 39). Type: Apparently lost.

Lacerta mexicana Donndorff, 1798: 135 . New name for ‘‘le cannele´’’. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Mexico’’ by implication; restricted to Mexcala, Guerrero, Mexico ( Smith and Taylor, 1950b: 39) .

Lacerta sulcata Suckow, 1798: 147 . New name for ‘‘le cannele´’’. TYPE LOCALITY: Restricted to ‘‘Mexcala, Guerrero’’, Mexico ( Smith and Taylor, 1950b: 39).

Chamaesaura propus Schneider, 1801: 211 . New name for ‘‘le cannele´’’ and Lacerta lumbricoides Shaw. TYPE LOCALITY: restricted to ‘‘Mexcala, Guerrero’’, Mexico ( Smith and Taylor, 1950b: 39).

Bipes canaliculatus multiannulatus T. Alvarez, 1966 [1964]: 147. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Pizandarán, 14 kilómetros al norte de El Infiernilla (colina poco elevada, distante 100 a 400 metros de la orilla del Río Balsas), Michoacán’’, Mexico. Holotype: Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas 1315. Paratypes: Fifty specimens collected with holotype, plus 10 collected at Los Nopales, Michoacán.

Bipes alvarezi Smith and Smith, 1977: 39 . TYPE LOCALITY: Central Rio Balsas valley in Guerrero, Morelos and P., Mexico

DISCUSSION OF FORM: T. Alvarez (1964: 202) and Smith and Taylor (1950a: 332, 1950b: 39). See also T. Alvarez (1964, distribution), Cendrero (1972), Cope (1892a anatomy; 1894), Davis and Dixon (1961, distribution), Flores­Villela and Gerez (1988, distribution), Fürbringer (1870, anatomy), Hodges and Perez­Ramos (2001, distribution and habitat), MacGregor and Klosterman (1979, chromosomes), Papenfuss (1982, ecology and systematics), Remane (1936, anatomy), Renous­Léçuru (1973, 1974a, 1977a, anatomy), Smith (1949), Walls (1979), and Wicker (1987, care in captivity).

RANGE: Mexico, basin of the Río Balsas, Guerrero and Michoacan.