Amphisbaena pretrei Duméril and Bibron

GANS, CARL, 2005, Checklist And Bibliography Of The Amphisbaenia Of The World, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2005 (289), pp. 1-130 : 18-21

Amphisbaena pretrei Duméril and Bibron

Amphisbaena pretrei Duméril and Bibron, 1839: 468 . TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Brésil’’. Lectotype (Gans, 1965c): MHNP A­3110. Lectoparatype: MHNP A­555.

Amphisbaena petraei Gray, 1865: 447 . Lapsus , hence not available (International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 1961: art. 33b).

Amphisbaena subocularis W.C.H. Peters 1878b: 779 . TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘ Pernambuco’ ’, Brazil. Holotype: ZMB 7069 .

Amphisbaena pretrii G. Boulenger, 1885e: 440 . Emendation.

Amphisbaena brachyura Amaral, 1932: 55 . TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘ Maceis , Alagoas’ ’, Brazil. Holotype: DZ 1248 B (apparently lost).

Amphisbaena petrei Amaral, 1937b: 197 . Lapsus , hence not available (International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 1961: art. 33b).

DISCUSSION OF FORM: K. Schmidt (1936: 29) and Gans (1965c: 391). See also Amaral (1933, 1934, 1935a), Gans (1971c), Guibé

(1954), Elter (1981), Rodrigues (1996, distribution), and Vanzolini (1974, distribution).

RANGE: Brazil (Rio Grande do Norte to Minas Gerais [Rio de Janeiro?]).

Amphisbaena prunicolor (Cope)

Aporarchus prunicolor Cope, 1885: 189 . TYPE LO­ CALITY: ‘‘ Sao Joao do Monte Negro , Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (29 ° 42 ̍ S, 51 ° 28 ̍ W)’’. Holotype: ANSP 12969 .

DISCUSSION OF FORM: Gans (1966c: 246). See also B. Alvarez (1996b, distribution).

RANGE: Northern Argentina (Misiones) and southeastern Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, possibly north into Espirito Santo).

Amphisbaena ridleyi Boulenger Amphisbaena ridleyi G. Boulenger, 1890b: 481 . TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘ Porto Bello’ ’ (= Brazil, according to G. Boulenger, 1890a) and ‘‘ Fernando Noronha ,’’ Brazil; restricted to ‘‘ Fernando da Noronha , Brazil’ ’ (Gans, 1963d: 103). Lectotype: BMNH 88.1 .19.7. Lectoparatypes: BMNH 88.1.19.8–88.l.19.16; KM R­4443; MCZ 10789; MHNP 90–419; SMF 11825; BMNH V.2.2a:RR­1960.1.4.39 (‘‘ Porto Bello, W. Indies’’ = ‘‘Brazil’’).

Amphisbaena caeca Cuvier

(= A. ridleyi Boulenger ; cf. Gans and Alexander 1962: 82).

Sarea caeca Gray, 1844: 71 (= A. ridleyi Boulenger ; cf. Gans and Alexander 1962: 82).

DISCUSSION OF FORM: Gans (1963c). See also Amaral (1937b, 1937d), Anon. (1980a, conservation; 1988, taxonomy), Estes and Williams (1984, dentition), Gans (1971c), Goeldi (1902), Guibé (1954), Laurent (1973, distribution).

RANGE: Island of Fernando da Noronha, Brazil.

Amphisbaena rozei Lancini

Amphisbaena rozei Lancini, 1963: 1 . TYPE LOCAL­ ITY: Venezuela; Bolivar, headwaters of Cafio Majagua (enters the Rio Chipura at 05 ° 30 ̍ N, 64 ° 40 ̍ W). Holotype: MCNC 178 . Paratype: MCNC 13 .

DISCUSSION OF FORM: None. The description is brief, and it is particularly unfortunate that the species has not been compared with Amphisbaena spurrelli with which it shares certain characteristics. But see also Hoogmoed and Avila­Pires (1991, distribution).

RANGE: Venezuela. Known from the types only.

Amphisbaena sanctaeritae Vanzolini

Amphisbaena sanctaeritae Vanzolini, 1994: 30 . TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil: Santa Rita do Passa Quatro (21 ° 42 ̍ S, 47 ° 28 ̍ W). Holotype: MZUSP 36719 .

DISCUSSION OF FORM: Vanzolini (1994).

RANGE: Known only from the holotype.

Amphisbaena schmidti Gans Amphisbaena schmidti Gans, 1964b: 3 . TYPE LO­ CALITY: ‘‘Orilla (Cunta) Carrcamo, Isabella, Puerto Rico’’; corrected to Isabela, Orilla (cuneta.) Carretera Ccno (by M.J. Velez in communication to R. Thomas). Holotype: MCZ 73115. Paratypes: UPRRP 1290 ; CM 36277 (Salinas, Puerto Rico) ; KM R4414 ; R4416 (Aguadilla, Puerto Rico) ; UPRRP 2502 (2 miles east of Cueva del Indio , Highway P.R. 681, Puerto Rico) .

DISCUSSION OF FORM: R. Thomas (1966: 14). See also McCoy and Richmond (1966), Rosenberg (1967, hemipenes), Schwartz and Henderson (1988; 1991, distribution), Schwartz and Thomas (1975, distribution), and Thomas (1999).

RANGE: Northwestern Puerto Rico.

Amphisbaena silvestrii Boulenger Amphisbaena silvestrii G. Boulenger, 1902: 287 .

TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil ; Mato Grosso, Cuyaba

(= Cuiaba) (15 ° 36 ̍ S, 56 ° 05 ̍ W). Holotype:

MSNG C.E. 28308.

DISCUSSION OF FORM: Gans (1962b; 1964c), Vanzolini (1997). See also Dirksen and De la Riva (1999, distribution), Gans (1964d, distribution), Hoogmoed and Avila­ Pires (1991, distribution), Valdujo and Nogueira (2001, distribution), and Vanzolini (1991a, 1991c, variation).

RANGE: Brazil, central Mato Grosso from Rio Tocantins, west into Bolivia.

Amphisbaena slateri Boulenger

Amphisbaena slateri G. Boulenger, 1907a: 487 . TYPE LOCALITY: Peru; Puno, Valley of the Rio San Gaban (enters the Rio Inambari at 13 ° 25 ̍ S,

70 ° 18 ̍ W). Holotype: BMNH 1907.5.2.4: RR1946.8.31.82.

DISCUSSION OF FORM: Gans (1967e). See also Dirksen and De la Riva (1999, distribution), and Fugler (1989, distribution).

RANGE: Known from the type and from two Bolivian specimens (ZMH 3434 and ZMB 10888) that possibly represent a distinct southern race.

Amphisbaena slevini Schmidt

Amphisbaena slevini K. Schmidt, 1936: 31 . TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil; Amazonas , Manaus (03 ° 07 ̍ S, 60 ° 00 ̍ W). Holotype: CAS 49809.

DISCUSSION OF FORM: Gans (1963d). See also Hoogmoed and Avila­Pires (1991, distribution), Schmidt and Inger (1951), Slevin and Leviton (1956), and Vanzolini (1991a, variation).

RANGE: Known from the vicinity of the type locality only.

Amphisbaena spurrelli Boulenger Amphisbaena spurrelli G. Boulenger, 1915: 659 . TYPE LOCALITY: Colombia; Choco´ , Andagoya (05 ° 06 ̍ N, 76 ° 40 ̍ W). Lectotype: BMNH 1915.10 .21.9 (Gans, 1962d: 3). Lectoparatype: BMNH 1915.10 .21.8.

DISCUSSION OF FORM: Gans (1962d: 2). See also Auth (1994, distribution), and Villa et al. (1988, distribution).

RANGE: Northern Colombia to Panama.

Amphisbaena stejnegeri Ruthven

Amphisbaena stejnegeri Ruthven, 1922b: 1 . TYPE LOCALITY: British Guyana; Demerara, Vreed en Rust (06 ° 27 ̍ N, 58 ° 19 ̍ W). Holotype: UMMZ 55858 .

DISCUSSION OF FORM: Gans (1963b: 3). RANGE: Coastal Guyana (formerly British

Guiana).

Amphisbaena talisiae Vanzolini

Amphisbaena talisiae Vanzolini, 1995: 217 . TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil; Mato Grosso, Serra da Pitomba (15 ° 49 ̍ S, 52 ° 10 ̍ W). Holotype: MZUSP 78808 .

DISCUSSION OF FORM: Vanzolini (1995: 217). See also Castro­Mello (2000, variation).

RANGE: Brazil (Mato Grosso).

Amphisbaena townsendi Stejneger

Amphisbaena townsendi Stejneger, 1911: 283 . TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘ Piura, Peru.’’ Holotype: USNM 47987 .

DISCUSSION OF FORM: Gans (1961d: 8). RANGE: Coastal plain of Peru, from Piura to Lobitos.

Amphisbaena trachura Cope

Amphisbaena trachura Cope, 1885: 189 . TYPE LO­ CALITY: Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul: San Joao do Monte Negro , now Montenegro (29 ° 42 ̍ S, 51 ° 28 ̍ W). Holotype: ZMB 6255 (possibly lost).

DISCUSSION OF FORM: Gans (1966c: 237). RANGE: Brazil (São Paulo to Rio Grande do Sul) into northern Uruguay and extreme northeastern Argentina.

Amphisbaena tragorrhectes Vanzolini

Amphisbaena tragorrhectes Vanzolini, 1971: 192 .

TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil ; Pard, Oriximind

( 10 ° 46 ̍ S, 55 ° 5 ̍ W). Holotype: MZUSP 17518 .

DISCUSSION OF FORM: Vanzolini (1971: 192). See also Hoogmoed and Avila­Pires (1991, distribution), and Vanzolini (1986, variation).

RANGE: Known only from type.

Amphisbaena vanzolinii Gans

Amphisbaena vanzolinii Gans, 1963b: 13 . TYPE LOCALITY: Guyana; Marudi (02 ° 05 ̍ N, 59 ° 00 ̍ W). Holotype: AMNH 60975 . Paratype: AMNH 60778 .

DISCUSSION OF FORM: Hoogmoed and Avila­Pires (1991). See also Hoogmoed (1975, 1989).

RANGE: Known from the types and two additional specimens (KU 69817, 69818).

Amphisbaena varia Laurenti Amphisbaena varia Laurenti, 1768: 66 . TYPE LO­ CALITY: ‘‘America’’ = Panama (cf. Vanzolini, 1951a: 59). Holotype: Not designated. Neotype (Vanzolini, 1951a: 61): MCZ 22070 ( Barro Colorado Island , Panama, Canal Zone). Neoparatypes: BMNH 1914.5 .21.25 (Pena Lisa, Condoto, Colombia); MCZ 37874, 37123 ( Panama City ) ; MCZ 24003 (Frijoles, Canal Zone ) ; MCZ 18925 24004 (Monte Lirio, Canal Zone ) ; MCZ 18924 (near Gatun, Canal Zone ) ; MCZ 37106 (mid­basin of Chagres River and Pequeni River) ; USNM 38399 ( Chagres River­Bohio ) ; USNM 37859 ( Canal Zone ) .

Amphisbaena fuliginosa varia Vanzolini, 1951a: 61 .

DISCUSSION OF FORM: Vanzolini (1951a: 61). See also Miyata (1982, distribution).

RANGE: Panama and Colombia southward to near Villavicencio; southwestward to Ecuador and eastward to Venezuela near Trinidad.

Amphisbaena vermicularis Wagler Amphisbaena vermicularis Wagler, 1824: 72 . TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘ In provincia Bahiae,... aux environs de la ville de Bahia,’’ Brazil. Holotype: ZSM 660 /0.

Amphisbaena vermicularis centralis Amaral, 1935c: 255 ; 1937a: 1725. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Canna Brava, Gomas’’, Brazil. Holotype: DZ 6618 . Paratypes: DZ 1925 , 6575 , 6588 , 6619– 6622 , 6673 ( Rio Pandeiro , Minas Gerais) ; DZ 6474 ( Agude Soledade , Estado de Parahyba) .

Amphisbaena spixi K. Schmidt, 1936: 30 . TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘ Ceara Mirim , Rio Grande do Norte,’’ Brazil. Holotype: CAS 49423. Paratypes: CAS 49896 ( Brazil); CNHM 64421 , 64422 ( Marx, 1958: 453) .

DISCUSSION OF FORM: Vanzolini (1949: 105) and Gans and Amdur (1966: 71). See also Amaral (1935c, distribution; 1937b, 1937d, 1937c), Beçak et al. (1973b, chromosomes), Bertoni (1914, distribution), Castro­Mello (2000, variation), Cendrero (1972, distribution), Cunha (1961), Dirksen and de la Riva (1999, distribution), Duarte de Barros Filho and Valverde (1996, distribution), Fugler (1989, distribution), Gans (1965d, variation), Hochstetter (1898, anatomy), Hoogmoed and De Avila­Pires (1991, variation), Hoogmoed and Gruber (1983, distribution), Montero and Terol (1999, distribution), Peracca (1894, 1904, distribution), Rodrigues (1996, distribution), Rosenberg (1967, hemipenes), Schmidt (1936), and Vanzolini (1974, distribution, 1976, 1991b, variation). RANGE: Brazil, south of the Amazon to Minas Gerais, inland across Goiaz and Mato Grosso, into Bolivia.

Amphisbaena wiedi Vanzolini

Amphisbaena fuliginosa wiedi Vanzolini, 1951a: 62 . TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Santa Maria, Bama, Bra­

zil.’’ Holotype: AMNH 1091. Paratypes: AMNH 1092, 1093.

DISCUSSION OF FORM: Vanzolini (1951a: 62).

RANGE: Known from the type locality and the lower Amazon. The latter specimen is in the Departamento de Zoologia of São Paulo, Brazil.

Amphisbaena xera Thomas Amphisbaena xera R. Thomas, 1966: 7 . TYPE LO­ CALITY: ‘‘ 7 km E of Guanica , Puerto Rico, elevation 600 ft (183 m)’’. Holotype: MCZ 81019. Paratypes: AMNH 94170 , ASFS V5722 , V5723 ; ASFS V5659 (7.1 kilometers east of Guanica) ; ASFS V5646 , V5662 , UIMNH 56910 , USNM 152588 (7.3 kilometers east of Guanica) ; UMMZ 73844 (Sabana Grande) ; ASFS V6148 , V6408 (8 kilometers east­southeast of San German, on the south slope of Cerro Algarrobo ) ; ASFS V6423 (1.5 kilometers west­northwest of San German): ASFS V6427 (3 kilometers northeast of San German) ; UPR 84a, 84b, 86 (Mayaguéz); MCZ 36301 (16 kilometers east of Juana Dmaz ) ; ASFS V5800 (6.2 kilometers east of Juana Dmaz ) ; UMMZ 73846 (4.8 kilometers east of Juana Dmaz ) ; ASFS V6587 (2.3 kilometers east of Juana Dmaz ) ; ASFS V6616 – V6618 (4.6 kilometers west, thence 1.1 kilometers northwest, of Juana Dmaz ) ; ASFS V6646 – V6657 , CM 40577 , 40578 , RT 1333 , 1334 (4.6 kilometers west, thence 1.9 kilometers northwest of Juana Dmaz ) ; ASFS V6619 , V6636 – V6640 (4.6 kilometers west, thence 4.6 kilometers northwest of Juana Dmaz ), UPR 91 (no data) .

DISCUSSION OF FORM: Thomas (1966: 7). See also Kluge (1984, catalogue of types), McCoy and Censky (1982, catalogue of types), Rivero (1978), Schwartz and Henderson (1988, 1991), Schwartz and Thomas (1975, distribution), and Schwartz et al. (1978).

RANGE: Central to western parts of the southern xeric coastal plain of Puerto Rico; perhaps also on Caja de Muertos.

Genus Ancylocranium Parker

Ancylocranium H. Parker, 1942: 57 . Type species: Anops somalicus Scortecci , by original designation.

Ancyclocranium Loveridge, 1957: 237 . Lapsus , hence not available (International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 1961: art. 33b). See discussion in H. Parker (1942: 59) and Gans and Kochva (1966: 88). The variability of the skull shown by the latter authors suggests that this genus may be invalid and that these forms may belong in the genus Baikia .