Dalophia pistillum (Boettger)

GANS, CARL, 2005, Checklist And Bibliography Of The Amphisbaenia Of The World, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2005 (289), pp. 1-130 : 31-35

Dalophia pistillum (Boettger)

Monopeltis pistillum Boettger, 1895c: 62 . SMF 11833 (formerly 5455 2a), three specimens.

Monopeltis granti Boulenger, 1907c: 485 . TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘ Beira , Portuguese East Africa Mozambique’ ’. Holotype: BMNH 1907.4.29.33: RR1946.8.31.98.

Monopeltis colobura Boulenger, 1910: 495 . TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Sesheke, Barotseland’’. Syntypes: BMNH 1910.6.18.11:RR­1946.8.8.96; SAM 4661, 46663.

Monopeltis jallae Peracca, 1910: 1 . TYPE LOCAL­ ITY: Zambese (Barotseland)’’, Zambia. Syntypes: IMZUT 4011 ; MSNG CE 37466 .

Monopeltis granti transvaalensis FitzSimons, 1933: 277 . TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Hope, between Nylstroom and Vaalwater (Waterberg District, Northern Province and/or Mpumulanga)’’, South Africa. Holotype: TMP 14354. Paratype: TMP 14353.

Monopeltis mossambica Cott, 1934: 155 . TYPE LO­ CALITY: ‘‘Caia’’, Mozambique. Holotype: BMNH 1933.7.1.2:RR 1946.8.31.99. Paratype: BMNH 1933.7.1.86.

Monopeltis granti kuanyamarum Monard, 1937: 67 . TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘ Mupanda’ ’, Angola. Holotype: LCFM (unnumbered).

Dalophia pistillum Loveridge, 1941: 434 .

DISCUSSION OF FORM: Loveridge (1941: 434), Broadley (1962: 825), and R. Laurent (1964: 87). The last­named considered this form distinct and possibly would include M.? granti and M.? transvaalensis in its synonymy. See also Auerbach (1987, distribution), Broadley (1971a), Broadley and Blake (1979, checklist), Broadley et al. (1976, variation), Haacke (1984), and Mertens (1967).

RANGE: Zambia and Angola.

Dalophia transvaalensis (FitzSimons) Monopeltis granti transvaalensis FitzSimons,

1933: 277. Terra typica: ‘‘Hope, between Nylst­

room and Vaalwater, Waterberg District, North­

ern Province and/or Mpumulanga.’’ Holotype:

TMP 14354. Paratype: TMP 14353.

DISCUSSION OF FORM: Loveridge (1941: 434) considered this form a synonym of T. pistillum FitzSimons (1943: 389) . R. Laurent (1964: 88) considered it a possible synonym of T. pistillum .

RANGE: Western and northwestern Transvaal in southern Angola.

Genus Geocalamus Günther

Geocalamus Günther, 1880: 234 . Type species: Geocalamus modestus , by monotypy.

See discussion in Loveridge (1941: 401), Vanzolini (1951b: 114), and Gans and Kraklau (1989: 3).

Geocalamus acutus Sternfeld

Geocalamus acutus Sternfeld, 1912a: 209 . TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Brit. Ostafrica’’ and ‘‘Deutsch Ostafrica’’ (= Tanzania); restricted to ‘‘ Kenya Colony , Voi’ ’ ( Loveridge, 1941: 405). Lectotypes (Gans and Kraklau, 1989): ZMB 21941 .

Geocalamus noltei Boettger, 1913: 270 . TYPE LO­ CALITY: ‘‘ Moschi , Kilimandscharo’ ’, Tanzania. Holotype: SMF 11831 (formerly 5433a).

DISCUSSION OF FORM: Loveridge (1941: 403), Gans and Kraklau (1989: 3–11). See also Huang and Gans (1971, chromosomes), Loveridge (1924, checklist; 1936), and Zangerl (1944, skull; 1945, postcranial skeleton).

RANGE: Southeastern Kenya to northeastern Tanzania.

Geocalamus modestus Günther Geocalamus modestus Günther, 1880: 234 . TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Mpwapwa, which is about 200 miles inland of the coast opposite Zanzibar’’, Tanzania. Syntypes: BMNH 79.11.13.8: R1946.9.1.10–79.11.13.10:RR1946.9.1.12.

DISCUSSION OF FORM: Loveridge (1941: 402), Gans and Kraklau (1989: 11–13). See also Loveridge (1924).

RANGE: Central Tanzania.

Genus Leposternon Wagler Leposternon Wagler, 1824: 70 . Type species: Leposternon microcephalus , by monotypy. Leptosternon Gray, 1825: 204. Emendation. Lepidosternon Wagler, 1830: 197 . Emendation. Cephalopeltis J. Müller, 1832: 256 . Type species: Cephalopeltis cuvierii (= L. scutigerum Hemprich ), by monotypy. Leposternum Agassiz, 1848: 205 . Emendation. Sphenocephalus Gray, 1865: 452 . Type species: Leposternon grayii = L. polystegum , by monotypy (junior homonym of Sphenocephalus Agassiz, 1839: 4 , 129 (teleosts), Sphenocephalus Fitzinger, 1843: 25 (snakes), and Sphenocephalus Blyth, 1853: 654 (lizards)). See discussion in Vanzolini (1951b: 113), and Gans (1971a, 1971b). See also Agassiz (1833–1843, 1846, taxonomy), Gallardo et al. (1985, distribution), Gonçalves Dias and Barros Filho (1992, distribution), Hoffstetter (1969, fossil), and Masi Pallarés et al. (1976, parasites).

Leposternon infraorbitale (Berthold)

Lepidosternon infraorbitale Berthold, 1859: 179 . TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘ Bahia’ ’, Brazil. Holotype: GUM (no number).

Lepidosternon rostratum Strauch, 1881 : col. 99. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Bahia’’. Lectotype: ZIL 314 (Gans, 1971a). Lectoparatype: ZIL 315.

DISCUSSION OF FORM: Gans (1971a: 451),

Jared et al. (1997). RANGE: Brazil.

Leposternon kisteumacheri Porto, Soares

and Caramaschi

Leposternon kisteumacheri Porto et al., 2000: 2.

TYPE LOCALITY: Mocambinho (14 ° 47 ̍ S,

43 ° 55 ̍ W), municipality of Manga, state of Mi­

nas Gerais , Brazil. Holotype: MNRJ 4041 .

Paratypes: MNRJ 4042–4046.

DISCUSSION OF FORM: Porto et al. (2000).

RANGE: Brazil (Minas Gerais).

Leposternon microcephalum Wagler

Leposternon microcephalus Wagler, 1824: 70 . TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Dans les environs du village Mandiocca,... près de la montagne dos Orgâos, sur un grand chemin bordé d’arbres,’’ Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Holotype: ZSM 31500.

Amphisbaena punctata Wied, 1825b: 507 . TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Bei Rio de Janeiro und am Flusse Espirito Santo’’, Brazil. Holotype: AMNH 1101 (senior homonym of A. punctata Bell (= Cadea blanoides ).

Leposternon microcephalum Fitzinger, 1826: 53 . Justifiable emendation.

Lepidosternon maximiliani Wiegmann, 1834: 21 . New name for A. punctata Wied. Redescribed in Wiegmann, 1838: 154, where it was considered a distinct species based on ZMB 1395 from ‘‘Brazil’’.

Lepidosternon macrocephalum A. Smith, 1848 (1834–1849): pl. 67. Lapsus for L. microcephalum , not available; International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1961: art. 33b).

Lepidosternon phocaena Duméril and Bibron 1839: 484 . TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Buinos­Ayres,’’ Argentina, corrected to ‘‘Bolivia’’ (Gans, 1971a). Holotype: MHNP 488.

Lepidosternon petersi Strauch, 1881 : col. 103. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘ Brasilien’ ’ (probably vicinity of Rio de Janeiro). Holotype: ZMB 1396 .

Lepidosternon crassum Strauch, 1881 : col. 106. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘ Brasilien’ ’ (probably vicinity of Rio de Janeiro). Holotype: ZIL 316 .

Lepidosternon güntheri Strauch, 1881 : col. 110. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘ Unbekannt , wahrscheinlich Brasilien’ ’ (probably north­central Argentina). Holotype: ZIL 313 .

Lepidosternon boulengeri Boettger, 1885a: 220 . TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘ Paraguay, Amer. merid’’. Holotype: Naturhistorisches Institut Linnea, Frankfurt­am­Main, now ZIL 6656 .

Lepidosternum strauchi Boettger, 1885a: 221 . TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘ Paraguay, Amer. merid’’. Holotype: Naturhistorisches Institut Linnea, Frankfurt­am­Main, now ZIL 6655 .

Lepidosternum affine Boettger, 1885a: 223 . TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘ Paraguay, Amer. merid’’. Holotype: Naturhistorisches Institut Linnea, Frankfurt­am­ Main, now ZIL 6654 .

Lepidosternum onychocephalum Boettger, 1885a: 224 . TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘ Paraguay, Amer. merid.’’ Holotype: Naturhistorisches Institut Linnea, Frankfurt­am­Main; now ZIL 6653 .

Lepidosternon boettgeri G. Boulenger, 1885a: 466 . TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘ Corrientes, Argentina’ ’. Holotype: BMNH 81.11.5.1:RR1946.8.8.59.

Lepidosternum latifrontale G. Boulenger, 1894a: 722 . TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘ Near Asuncion, Paraguay’ ’. Lectotype (Gans, 1971a: 451): BMNH 94.314.31:RR1946.8.8.91. Lectoparatypes: BMNH 94.314.27:RR1946.8.8.87–94.314.30: RR1946.8.8.90, 94.314.32:RR1946.8.8.92– 94.314.35:RR1946.8.8.95.

Lepidosternum borellii Peracca, 1895a: 10 . TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘ Chaco argentino (Resistencia)’’. Holotype: IMZUT 971 .

Lepidosternum camerani Peracca, 1895a: 12 . TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘ Luque ( Paraguay)’’. Holotype: IMZUT 972 .

Lepidosternon laticeps Peracca, 1904: 3 . TYPE LO­ CALITY: ‘‘Urucum’’, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Syntypes: IMZUT 2749 (three specimens).

Lepidosternon carcani Peracca, 1904: 5 . TYPE LO­ CALITY: ‘‘ Tebicuari’ ’, Paraguay. Holotype: IMZUT 2750 .

Lepidosternon pfefferi Werner, 1910b: 35 . TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Paraguay’’. Holotype: Formerly in the Zoologischen Museum, Hamburg; destroyed.

DISCUSSION OF FORM: Hellmich (1960: 100 –106), Gans (1971a: 451). See also Achával (1976, distribution), Alvarez and Tedesco (1981, distribution), Amaral (1935b, distribution; 1937b, 1937d, checklist), Andrei (1979, distibution), Aquino et al. (1996, distribution), Avila et al. (2000, conservation status in Argentina), Baker (1981, 1987, parasites), Beçak et al. (1971a, 1972, 1973b, chromosomes), Cope (1887a, distribution; 1892a, anatomy), Dirksen and de la Riva (1999, distribution), Engmann (1927, biology), Flower (1925, longevity), Fugler (1989, distribution), Fürbringer (1870, anatomy), Gallardo (1979, distribution), Gallardo et al. (1985, distribution), Goeldi (1902, list), Hochstetter (1898, anatomy), Jacobshagen (1920, anatomy), Jared et al. (1998, cytology; 1998, behavior), Lakjer (1927), Laurent and Teran (1981, distribution), Luederwaldt (1929, distribution), May (1978, embryology), Mertens (1955a, distribution), Montero (1996b, distribution), Montero and Terol (1999, distribution), Müller (1885a, 1885c, 1927), Rosenberg (1967, hemipenes), Schreitmüller (1926), Vaz­Ferreira et al. (1970, natural history), Vides­Almonacid et al. (1998, list), Wiegmann (1838), Wiegmann and Ruthe (1832), Witte (1930a, distribution), Yanosky et al. (1993b, distribution), and Zangerl (1944, skull; 1945, postcranial skeleton).

RANGE: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay.

Leposternon octostegum (Duméril)

Lepidosternon octostegum Duméril, 1851: 149 . TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Brésil’’. Holotype: MHNP 7055.

Lepidosternon otostegum Duméril and Bocourt, 1882: 494 . ( Lapsus hence not available; Inter­

national Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 1961: art. 33b).

DISCUSSION OF FORM: Gans (1971a). RANGE: Known from the type only.

Leposternon polystegum (Duméril) Lepidosternon polystegum Duméril, 1851: 149 . TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Bahia’’, Brazil. Holotype: MHNP A5124.

Lepidosternon grayii Gray, 1865: 452 . Name attributed to A. Smith MS. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘South America’’. Holotype: BMNH 48.6.26.11: RR1946.9.1.7.

Leposternon polystegoides K. Schmidt, 1936: 31 . TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘ Lake Papary , Rio Grande do Norte’ ’, Brazil. Holotype: CAS 49866. Paratypes: CAS 49375, 49533 , 49534 , 49863 ; CNHM 64425 , 64426 .

DISCUSSION OF FORM: K. Schmidt (1936: 31), Gans (1971a: 457), Rodrigues (1996). See also Amaral (1937b, 1937d), Duarte de Barros Filho and Valverde (1996, natural history), Guibé (1954, list), and Vanzolini (1976, biogeography).

RANGE: Brazil.

Leposternon scutigerum (Hemprich) Amphisbaena scutigera F.G.W. Hemprich, 1820a: 117 . Nomen nudum as published without description.

Amphisbaena scutigera F.G.W. Hemprich, 1820a: 129 . TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Brasilia’’. Holotype: ZMB 1398.

Lepidosternon hemprichii Wiegmann and Ruthe, 1832: 186 . New name for Amphisbaena scutigera Hemprich. Redescription in Wiegmann (1834: 20) and in Wiegmann (1838: 153) where considered distinct species.

Cephalopeltis cuvieri J. Müller, 1832: 256 . TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Brésil’’. Lectotype (Gans, 1971): MHNP 3125.

Leposternon scutigerum Duméril and Bibron, 1839: 479 . Emendation.

DISCUSSION OF FORM: Gans (1971a: 457). See also Amaral (1937b, 1937d), Barboza du Bocage (1873b), Burt and Burt (1930, list), Fitzinger (1860), Flower (1925, longevity), and Lakjer (1927, anatomy).

RANGE: Brazil.

Leposternon wuchereri (W.C.H. Peters)

Lepidosternon wuchereri W.C.H. Peters, 1879: 276 . TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘ Bahia’ ’, Brazil. Holotype: ZMB 9389 .

Lepidosternon sinuosum Peracca, 1895b: 1 . TYPE

LOCALITY: ‘‘Brasile’’. Holotype: IMZUT 1108 .

DISCUSSION OF FORM: Amaral (1937c: 1703) included L. sinuosum in a discussion of this form. Zamprogno et al. (1992), Zamprogno and Sazima (1993).

RANGE: Brazil.

Genus Loveridgea Vanzolini

Loveridgea Vanzolini, 1951b: 114 . Type species: Amphisbaena phylofiniens Tornier , by original designation.

See discussion in R. Laurent (1947: 52), who considered Loveridgea , ‘‘ Amphisbaena ’’ violacea , and Zygaspis as African representatives of Amphisbaena . Gans and Kraklau (1989).

Loveridgea ionidesii (Battersby)

Amphisbaena ionidesii Battersby, 1950: 413 . TYPE

LOCALITY: ‘‘Liwale’’ 100 S * 380 E, Southern

Province, Tanganyika’’. Holotype: BMNH

1948.1.7.84. Paratypes: (185 total) BMNH

1948.1.7.85–1948.1.7.93, 1949.1.6.1–1949.1.6.99,

1949.1.7.1–1949.1.7.52; IRScNB 2368; MCZ

50040–50065.

DISCUSSION OF FORM: Loveridge (1951:

184, 1955: 178), Gans and Kraklau (1989:

13–17). See also Wykes (1961).

RANGE: Southern District, Tanzania.

Loveridgea phylofiniens (Tornier)

Amphisbaena phylofiniens Tornier, 1899: 260 . TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Udjiji, Deutsch­Ost­Africa’’ (= Tanzania). Syntypes: ZMB 15669 (two specimens).

DISCUSSION OF FORM: Loveridge (1941:

390), Gans and Kraklau (1989: 17–26). See

also Loveridge (1924, 1942, 1944b). RANGE: Vicinity of Udjiji, Tanzania.

Genus Mesobaena Mertens

Mesobaena Mertens, 1925a: 170 . Type species: Mesobaena huebneri , by original designation.

See discussion in Vanzolini (1951b: 115) and Gans (1971d).

Mesobaena huebneri Mertens

Amphisbaena huebneri Boettger in Anonymous, 1896: lv. Nomen nudum (cf. Mertens, 1925a: 171).

Mesobaena huebneri Mertens, 1925a: 170 . TYPE

LOCALITY: ‘‘Inirida, Süd­Venezuela’’ = Colom­

bia. Holotype: SMF 11829 (formerly 5450, 2a).

DISCUSSION OF FORM: Mertens (1926b: 149). See also Cendrero (1972, distribution), Cole and Gans (1987, chromosomes), Dunn (1957), Gans (1971d, variation; 1974b, distribution), and Mertens (1967, list).

RANGE: Known from the type and four other as yet unpublished specimens, two collected in the vicinity of the type locality and now in the collections of Carl Gans and the Field Museum of Natural History and two collected in Amazonian Venezuela and now in the Museu de Biologia, Universidad Central de Venezuela.

Genus Monopeltis A. Smith

Monopeltis A. Smith, 1848 (1838–1849): pl. 67. Type species: Monopeltis capensis , by monotypy.

Monaspis A. Smith, 1848 (1838–1849): pl. 67. Alternate name for Monopeltis , used in plate caption only.

Phractogonus Hallowell, 1852: 62 . Type species: Phractogonus galeatus , by monotypy.

Monotrophis Gray, 1865: 454 . Type species: Monotrophis capensis A. Smith. Lapsus , hence not available (International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 1961: art. 33b).

See discussion in R. Laurent (1947: 57)

and Vanzolini (1951b: 121).

Monopeltis adercae Witte Monopeltis adercae Witte, 1953: 82 . TYPE LOCAL­ ITY: ‘‘Bukena près Mulongo (Distr. Ht. Lomami) [altitude 617 meters]’’, Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype: IRScNB 2067.

Monopeltis adercai R. Laurent, 1956b: 242 . Emendation.

DISCUSSION OF FORM: Witte (1954: 1007), Broadley et al. (1976: 421–426), Branch (1988a).

RANGE: Lualaba and Tanganyika districts, Democratic Republic of Congo.

Monopeltis anchietae (Bocage)

Lepidosternon (Phractogonus) anchietae Barboza du Bocage, 1873b: 247 . TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Humbe, dans l’intérieur de Mossamedes, pres des Bords de la rivière Cunene’’, Angola. Holotype: MB T46.525.

Monopeltis quadriscutata Werner, 1910a: 328 . TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Deutsch­Südwestafrika’’. Syntypes: Formerly in the Zoologisches Museum, Hamburg; destroyed. NOTE: Loveridge (1941: 410) listed ‘‘Farm Neitsas,’ Grootfontein’’ as partial type locality, implying that the three specimens cited by Werner (1910b: 33) were all syntypes. However, Werner clearly mentioned that the ‘‘Neitsas’’ specimen was new and he referred to one of the other two as the type. Unfortunately the ‘‘Neitsas’’ specimen is the only one that was not destroyed.

Monopeltis okavangensis Monard, 1931: 95 . TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘ Vila da Ponte et de Caquindo’ ’, Angola. Syntypes: LCFM (unnumbered); NMBA 13331 (Caquindo) ; LCFM (unnumbered) ( Vila da Ponte ) .

Monopeltis devisi Monard, 1937: 69 . TYPE LOCAL­ ITY: ‘‘ Mupa’ ’, Angola. Holotype: LCFM (unnumbered).

DISCUSSION OF FORM: Loveridge (1941: 410) included M. leonhardi in this species. See also Auerbach (1987, distribution), Barboza du Bocage (1873b, 1895, 1897, list), Branch (1988a, identification), Broadley (1962: 823, 1971a, 1973), Broadley et al. (1976: 377–381), FitzSimons (1943: 396), Mertens (1971), Sternfeld (1911a), Webb et al. (2000, natural history), and Werner (1910a).

RANGE: From southern Angola southward to Damaraland.