ANCISTRINI KNER, 1853

Armbruster, Jonathan W., 2004, Phylogenetic relationships of the suckermouth armoured catfishes (Loricariidae) with emphasis on the Hypostominae and the Ancistrinae, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 141 (1), pp. 1-80 : 59

TRIBE ANCISTRINI KNER, 1853

Includes:

Acanthicus Agassiz, 1829

Acanthodemus Marschall, 1873 (synonym of Parancistrus )

Ancistomus Isbrücker and Seidel (synonym of Hemiancistrus )

Ancistrus Kner, 1854

Baryancistrus Rapp Py-Daniel, 1989

Chaetostoma Tschudi, 1845

Cordylancistrus Isbrücker, 1980

Dekeyseria Rapp Py-Daniel, 1985

Dolichancistrus Isbrücker, 1980

Exastilithoxus Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1979 Guyancistrus Isbrücker, 2001 (synonym of Pseudancistrus )

Hemiancistrus Bleeker, 1862

Hopliancistrus Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1989 Hypancistrus Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1991 Hypocolpterus Fowler, 1943 (synonym of Chaetostoma ) Lasiancistrus Regan, 1904

Leporacanthicus Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1989 Lipopterichthys Norman, 1935 (synonym of Chaetostoma )

Lithoxancistrus Isbrücker, Nijssen &AMP ; Cala, 1988 (synonym of Pseudancistrus )

Lithoxus Eigenmann, 1909

Megalancistrus Isbrücker, 1980

Oligancistrus Rapp Py-Daniel, 1989 (synonym of Spectracanthicus )

Panaque Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 Panaquolus Isbrücker & Schraml, 2001 (synonym of Panaque )

Paralithoxus Boeseman,1982 (synonym of Lithoxus ) Peckoltia Miranda Ribeiro, 1912

Parancistrus Castelnau, 1855

Pristiancistrus Fowler, 1945 (synonym of Ancistrus ) Pseudacanthicus Bleeker, 1862

Pseudancistrus Bleeker, 1862

Pseudolithoxus Isbrücker & Werner, 2001 Neblinichthys Ferraris Isbrücker & Nijssen 1986 Scobinancistrus Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1989 Sophiancistrus Isbrücker & Seidel, 2001 (synonym of Peckoltia )

Spectracanthicus Nijssen & Isbrücker, 1986

Stoniella Fowler, 1914 (synonym of Pseudacanthicus ) Thysanocara Regan, 1906 (synonym of Ancistrus ) Xenocara Regan, 1904 (synonym of Ancistrus ) Zonancistrus Isbrücker, 2001 (synonym of Dekeyseria )

Synonyms:

Acanthicini Bleeker, 1862

Hopliancistrini Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1989

Lithoxina Isbrücker, 1980

Pseudacanthicini Isbrücker, 1980

Pseudacanthicina Isbrücker, 1980

Spectracanthicina Nijssen & Isbrücker, 1989

Type genus: Ancistrus Kner, 1854

Diagnosis: The Ancistrini is not diagnosed by any unique characteristics. Those considered synapomorphic but which may be lost in some taxa are: a tall levator arcus palatini crest (44: 2), a vertically orientated preopercle (61: 1), and contact of the frontal with the orbit (94: 0). The majority of species of the Ancistrini (except Hemiancistrus sp. Brazil) are supported by a unique synapomorphy: a modification of the opercle into a bar or sickle-shaped structure (75: 1/2; Fig. 19C, D ; lost in Spectracanthicus ; Fig. 19A, B, D ). More information on the Ancistrini will be presented in a future publication.

Comparisons: The Ancistrini (except some Pseudancistrus and Spectracanthicus ) can be distinguished from all other loricariids except the Pterygoplichthini by the presence of evertible cheek plates with hypertrophied odontodes. It can be distinguished from the Pterygoplichthini (see the Pterygoplichthini description below). Spectracanthicus can be distinguished from all other non-Ancistrini loricariids except Delturus by having the dorsal-fin membrane contacting the preadipose plate; and from Delturus by having only one preadipose plate (vs. 3+) and by having highly angled jaws (dentary angle less than 80∞ vs. greater than 90∞). Pseudancistrus without evertible cheek plates can be distinguished from most of the Hypostomini , Pogonopoma parahybae , and Rhinelepis by having hypertrophied odontodes along the snout anterior of the cheek; from the Rhinelepini by having a dorsal flap of the iris present so that the eye appears bilobed (vs. dorsal flap absent, iris round); and from most of the Hypostomini , the Pterygoplichthini , and the Rhinelepini by lacking plates on the abdomen (vs. plates present).

Figures

Figure 19. Opercle, right side, mesial view. A, Hemiancistrus maracaiboensis, EBRG 2855. B, Hypostomus taphorni (Lilyestrom), ANSP 16195. C, Peckoltia sp., FMNH 70863. D, Ancistrus pirareta Müller, UMMZ 206085. Scale bars = 1 mm.