Calophya, Low

Burckhardt, Daniel, Cuda, James P., Diaz, Rodrigo, Overholt, William, Prade, Patricia, Queiroz, Dalva Luiz de, Vitorino, Marcelo D. & Wheeler, Gregory S., 2018, Taxonomy of Calophya (Hemiptera: Calophyidae) species associated with Schinus terebinthifolia (Anacardiaceae), Florida Entomologist 101 (2), pp. 178-178 : 178-

Keys to Calophya species inducing pit galls on Schinus adults

1. Head and thorax pitch black, strongly contrasting with green or yellow abdomen ( Fig. 7 )...................................... 2

1’.— Body coloration entirely green or yellow ( Figs. 6, 8 )..................................................................... 4

2. (1) Forewing base dark brown to black, remainder colorless. Male paramere, in profile, lanceolate, more than 0.8 times as long as proctiger. Basal stalk of distal portion of aedeagus less than a quarter of total segmental length. Female subgenital plate truncate apically. Chile, on Schinus montana and S. patagonica ...................................................... C. hermicitae Burckhardt & Basset

2’.— Forewing membrane uniformly colored throughout, though vein C +Sc distinctly darker than other veins. Male paramere, in profile, subrectangular, less than 0.7 times as long as proctiger. Basal stalk of distal portion of aedeagus more than a third of total segmental length. Female subgenital plate acute apically. Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay on other Schinus spp. ...................................... 3

3. (2) Forewing, except for radular spinules, without surface spinules in distal half. Paramere relatively broad, 1.7 times as long as wide. Dorsal margin of female proctiger strongly concave. Argentina, on Schinus johnstonii .................... C. catillicola Burckhardt & Basset

3’.— Forewing, in addition to radular spinules, bearing surface spinules in distal half. Paramere relatively narrow, 2.0 times as long as wide. Dorsal margin of female proctiger almost straight or weakly concave. Brazil, Paraguay, on Schinus terebinthifolia .............................................................................. C. praestigiator sp. nov. and C. terebinthifolii Burckhardt & Basset

4. (1) Forewing, except for radular spinules, without surface spinules in distal half. Chile, on Schinus polygama .............................................................................................................. C. scrobicola Burckhardt & Basset

4’.— Forewing, in addition to radular spinules, bearing surface spinules in distal half. On other Schinus spp. .......................... 5

5. (4) Distal segment of aedeagus almost as long as proctiger; basal stalk more than three-quarters of total segmental length. Female terminalia long, proctiger with apical spiniform process. Widely distributed, on Schinus molle ............................... C. schini Tuthill

5’.— Distal segment of aedeagus distinctly shorter than proctiger; basal stalk less than half the total segmental length ( Figs. 18, 19 ). Female terminalia short, proctiger without apical spiniform process ( Fig. 17 ). Brazil, on Schinus terebinthifolia .......................... 7

6. (5) Forewing with surface spinules leaving relatively narrow spinule-free stripes along the veins ( Fig. 14 ). Male proctiger, in lateral view, broad ( Fig. 19 )................................................................................ C. latiforceps Burckhardt

6’.— Forewing with surface spinules leaving relatively broad spinule-free stripes along the veins ( Fig. 12 ). Male proctiger, in lateral view, narrow ( Fig. 18 )........................................................................................ C. lutea sp. nov.

FIFTH INSTAR

1. Margin of forewing pad bearing widely spaced (= distance between setae much larger than length of setae), fine, normal or lanceolate setae ( Figs. 26, 27 , 31, 32 ). Brazil, Paraguay, on Schinus terebinthifolia ..................................................... 2

1’.— Margin of forewing pad bearing densely spaced (= distance between setae about equal to or less than length of setae) sectasetae or diamond-shaped setae. Other countries and Schinus spp. ................................................................ 5

2. (1) Body entirely yellow ( Figs. 9 , 27 , 31 ).................................................................................. 3

2’.— Body yellow with conspicuous dark pattern ( Figs. 26 , 32 )................................................................ 4

3. (2) Antenna with short apical process ( Fig. 29 ). Margin of forewing pad with inconspicuous rod setae ( Fig. 27 ). Number of marginal lanceolate setae on caudal plate (1 side only) 40 to 44.................................................... C. latiforceps Burckhardt

3’.— Antenna with long apical process ( Fig. 33 ). Margin of forewing pad with lanceolate setae ( Fig. 31 ). Number of marginal lanceolate setae on caudal plate (1 side only) 32 to 36.............................................................. C. praestigiator sp. nov.

4. (2) Antenna yellow; body without light longitudinal band in the middle ( Fig. 26 ).................................... C. lutea sp. nov.

4’.— Antenna brown; body with light longitudinal band in the middle ( Fig. 32 )..................... C. terebinthifolii Burckhardt & Basset

5. (1) Antenna strongly sinuous. Circumanal ring removed from abdominal apex; distance between hind margins of circumanal ring and caudal plate about equal to the length of circumanal ring...................................................................... 6

5’.— Antenna irregularly triangular. Circumanal ring close to abdominal apex; distance between hind margins of circumanal ring and caudal plate about equal to the length of circumanal ring...................................................................... 7

6. (5) Humeral lobe large, ending beyond anterior eye margin. Widely distributed, on Schinus molle ..................... C. schini Tuthill

6’.— Humeral lobe small, ending in the middle of eye margin. Chile, on Schinus polygama .............. C. scrobicola Burckhardt & Basset

7. (5) Argentina, on Schinus johnstonii .......................................................... C. catillicola Burckhardt & Basset

7’.— Chile, on Schinus montana and S. patagonica .............................................. C. hermicitae Burckhardt & Basset

Figures

Figs. 1–10. Calophya species on Schinus terebinthifolia. 1. One adult and immatures in pit galls. 2. Abaxial leaf surface with bottom of pit galls. 3. Immatures in pit galls. 4. Empty pit galls. 5. Pit galls, some of which are red. 6. Copulating adults. 7. Male. 8. Ovipositing female and eggs (white dots). 9. Immatures in pit galls secreting honeydew. 10. Emerging adult. 1–3, 7. C. terebinthifolii. 4–6, 8–10. C. latiforceps. (Photos by J. P. Cuda [3], R. Diaz [1, 4–6, 8–10], D. L. Queiroz [2, 7].

Figs. 18–25. Calophya species, male terminalia. 18, 19. Male terminalia, in profile. 20, 21. Male terminalia, in dorsal view. 22, 23. Paramere, in profile. 24, 25. Distal portion of aedeagus. 18, 20, 22, 24. C. lutea sp. nov. 19, 21, 23, 25. C. latiforceps. 18, 19. Scale = 0.1 mm. 20, 21. Scale = 0.05 mm. 22–25. Scale = 0.05 mm.

Figs. 11–17. Calophya species, adults. 11, 14. Forewing. 12, 14. Forewing showing surface spinules. 15. Head. 16. Antenna. 17. Female terminalia, in profile. 11, 12, 15–17. C. lutea sp. nov. 3, 4. C. latiforceps. 11–14. Scale = 0.2 mm. 15, 16. Scale = 0.1 mm. 17. Scale = 0.05 mm.

Figs. 26–30. Calophya species,fifh instar immature. 26, 27. Lef half of body, in dorsal view. 28, 29. Head and antenna, in dorsal view. 30. Apex of tarsus. 26, 28, 30. C. lutea sp. nov. 27, 29. C. latiforceps. 26, 27. Scale = 0.2 mm. 28, 29. Scale = 0.1 mm. 30. Scale = 0.03 mm.

Figs. 31–35. Calophya species,fifh instar immature. 31, 32. Lef half of body, in dorsal view. 33, 34. Head and antenna, in dorsal view. 35. Apex of tarsus. 31, 33, 35. C. praestigiator sp. nov. 32, 34. C. terebinthifolii. 31, 32. Scale = 0.2 mm. 33, 34. Scale = 0.1 mm. 35. Scale = 0.03 mm.