Calophya lutea Burckhardt, 2018

Burckhardt, Daniel, Cuda, James P., Diaz, Rodrigo, Overholt, William, Prade, Patricia, Queiroz, Dalva Luiz de, Vitorino, Marcelo D. & Wheeler, Gregory S., 2018, Taxonomy of Calophya (Hemiptera: Calophyidae) species associated with Schinus terebinthifolia (Anacardiaceae), Florida Entomologist 101 (2), pp. 178-178 : 178-

Calophya lutea Burckhardt sp. nov.

( Figs. 11, 12, 15–18, 20, 22, 24 , 26, 28, 30 )

Calophya sp. Ubu, Diaz et al. (2015a).

DESCRIPTION

Adult. Coloration. Body yellow, straw-colored. Genal processes light yellow. Eyes greyish, ocelli orange. Antenna light brown at base, gradually getting darker towards apex, apical 2 segments almost black. Apex of rostrum black. Apical tarsal segments greyish brown. Forewing with yellow veins and greyish radular areas, membrane almost colorless, transparent. Abdomen light yellow ventrally.

Structure. Head ( Fig. 15 ) with anterior portion of vertex covered in very short, inconspicuous setae; genal processes about as long as vertex along mid-line, conical, very slender, pointed apically, almost contiguous in the middle. Antenna ( Fig. 16 ) 10-segmented, 1.1 to 1.2 times as long as head width; terminal antennal setae 1.7 and 1.5 times as long as antennal segment 10; segment 9 lacking long seta. Metacoxa with short meracanthus; metatibia 0.7 to 0.8 times as long as head width, with 1 + (3–4) grouped apical sclerotized spurs. Forewing ( Figs. 11, 12 ) 3.4 to 3.7 times as long as head width, 2.4 to 2.6 times as long as wide, oblong-oval, widest in the middle, narrowly rounded apically; surface spinules present in all cells except for cells C+Sc and r 1 where they are usually completely absent, leaving broad, spinule-free stripes along the veins, reduced in basal third of cell r 2 and basal fifh of cell m 2. Terminalia as in Figures 17 , 18, 20, 22, 24 . Male proctiger 0.3 to 0.4 times as long as head width, subconical, narrowing from broad base to narrow apex, both anterior and posterior margins curved; evenly covered in long setae in apical two-thirds. Male subgenital plate short, subglobular; dorsal margin, in lateral view, angular. Paramere 0.6 times as long as proctiger, subrectangular; in lateral view, 1.8 times as long as broad; with short digitiform antero-apical strongly sclerotized process which is directed in oblique dorsal direction, and broad postero-apical strongly sclerotized tooth; antero-apical edge weakly curved; covered in long setae in distal and posterior half on the outer face, and more or less evenly on the entire inner face. Distal portion of aedeagus ( Fig. 24 ) 0.7 to 0.8 times as long as proctiger, with irregularly inflated apical half; sclerotized end tube of ductus ejaculatorius short, strongly S-shaped. Female proctiger ( Fig. 17 ) 0.5 times as long as head width, 2.1 to 2.2 times as long as circumanal ring, cuneate in profile, dorsal margin weakly sinuous. Subgenital plate as long as proctiger, elongate, ventral margin curved, truncate apically. Valvula ventralis coarsely serrate ventrally.

Measurements in mm: range (mean ± standard deviation) (3 males, 3 females). Head width 0.42 to 0.44 (0.43 ± 0.01), antenna length 0.46 to 0.50 (0.58 ± 0.02), forewing length 1.44 to 1.60 (1.55 ± 0.06), male proctiger length 0.14 to 0.16 (0.15 ± 0.01), female proctiger length 0.20 to 0.22 (0.21 ± 0.01).

Fifh instar immature ( Fig. 26 ). Coloration. Dorsal surface of body irregularly dark brown to black; antenna, eye and wing buds and, sometimes, antero-lateral area of caudal plate yellow, giving the impression that the body is covered by a longitudinal band which is broadening towards the rear. Membranes yellowish. Ventral body surface and legs white to light yellow. Tip of rostrum black.

Structure. Body ( Fig. 26 ) almost circular, 1.02 to 1.11 as long as wide. Anterior margin of head forming 2 flattened lobes.Antenna ( Fig.28 ) 1-segmented, with large irregularly subrectangular base and digitiform apex; bearing 3 to 4 diamond-shaped setae along antero-median margin and 3 rhinaria along antero-lateral margin. Tarsi with 2 small claws each about as long as arolium which is almost circular ( Fig. 30 ). Forewing pad 0.70 to 0.75 times as long as body; anterior margin of humeral lobe ending distal to anterior eye margin, subacute.Abdominal dorsum without median row of horns. Caudal plate length to width ratio 0.33 to 0.42. Circumanal ring near posterior abdominal margin, oval, consisting of a single row of oval pores; on each side of circumanal ring with 1 very long simple seta and with a pair of short normal setae between posterior margins of circumanal ring and caudal plate. Marginal setae as follows (1 side only): head ( Figs. 26, 28 ) 8 to 13 (10.33 ± 1.86) with densely spaced short diamond-shaped setae,antenna ( Fig. 28 ) with 3 to 4 (3.83 ± 0.41) lanceolate setae,forewing pad ( Fig. 26 ) with small widely spaced stiff setae,and caudal plate ( Fig.26 ) with 29 to 36 (32.22 ± 2.94) densely spaced short diamond-shaped setae.

Measurements in mm: range (mean ± standard deviation) (6 immatures). Body length 0.80 to 0.88 (0.85 ± 0.03), antenna length 0.09 to 0.12 (0.11 ± 0.01), forewing pad length 0.58 to 0.66 (0.62 ± 0.03), caudal plate length 0.22 to 0.30 (0.25 ± 0.03).

ETYMOLOGY

From Latin luteus = yellow, referring to the yellow body color of the adult.

TYPE MATERIAL

HOLOTYPE 1 male Brazil: Espírito Santo, city of Ubu, 20.786°S, 40.579°W, Ubu ; from culture in USA: FL, Fort Pierce ( MZSP, dry mounted). PARATYPEs 16 males, 7 females, 32 immatures same data as holotype ( FSCA, MZSP, NHMB, dry and slide mounted, 70% ethanol) .

COMMENTS

Adults and immatures of C. lutea are morphologically similar to those of C. latiforceps but they differ in the adult stage primarily in details of male terminalia. Differences also occur in antennal shape, number of marginal diamond-shaped setae on the caudal plate, and color of the fifh instar. Surface spinules of the forewing are slightly more reduced in C. lutea where the spinule-free stripes along the veins are slightly broader and the spinule-free areas at the base of cells r 1, r 2, and m 2 are larger ( Fig. 12 ) than those of C. latiforceps ( Fig. 14 ). The male proctiger in C. lutea is slender with fore and hind margins, in lateral view, curved ( Fig. 18 ); in dorsal view,it is broad and short,with broadly rounded fore margin ( Fig.20 ). In C. latiforceps , the male proctiger is much broader in lateral view, with a relatively straight fore margin and a strongly curved hind margin ( Fig. 19 ); in dorsal view, it is narrow and elongate, with narrowly rounded fore margin ( Fig. 21 ). The male subgenital plate in C. lutea ( Fig. 18 ) has, in lateral view, an angular dorsal margin which is curved in C. latiforceps ( Fig. 19 ). The paramere in C. lutea ( Fig. 22 ), in lateral view, is less curved antero-apically with the anterior process directed in oblique dorsal direction rather than strongly curved antero-apically with backwards directed anterior process as in C. latiforceps ( Fig. 23 ). The distal portion of the aedeagus of C. lutea gradually widens in the middle and the sclerotized end tube of the ductus ejaculatorius is stronger sinuate ( Fig. 24 ); that of C. latiforceps widens more abruptly in the middle and the sclerotized end tube of the ductus ejaculatorius is less sinuate ( Fig. 25 ). The immatures differ most markedly in the presence of the dark color pattern in C. lutea ( Fig. 26 ), which is lacking in C. latiforceps ( Fig.27 ). The antenna in the former is distinctly angular along the outer margin ( Fig. 28 ) but more sinuous in the latter ( Fig. 29 ). The number of marginal diamond-shaped setae on the caudal plate (1 side only) ranges from 29 to 36 (32.22 ± 2.94) in C. lutea and in C. latiforceps from 40 to 44 (41.75 ± 1.71).

Calophya lutea easily can be separated from C.praestigiator and C.terebinthifolii (that also develop on Brazilian peppertree) by the completely yellow body color of the adult, rather than strongly contrasted pitch black head and thorax, and the green or yellow abdomen as in the last 2 species ( Fig. 7 ). In the fifh instar, it differs in the dark pattern by forming 1 broad longitudinal band rather than 2 narrow dark longitudinal bands separated by a light band in C. terebinthifolii , or lacking a dark pattern as in C. praestigiator . Calophya lutea differs from the other pit gall inducing Calophya species associated with Schinus as indicated in the key below.

Diaz et al. (2015a) sequenced the COI gene of 4 Brazilian Calophya populations on S. terebinthifolia from Bahia (Carapina and Salvador), Espírito Santo (Ubu), and Camboriú (Santa Catarina). These authors found that the sequence divergences between the population from Camboriú (= C. terebinthifolii ) and the other 3 populations was 13 to 14%. The population from Ubu diverged from those from Carapina and Salvador (= C. latiforceps ) by> 6%.They concluded that the population from Ubu (herein described as C. lutea ) constitutes a species different from C. latiforceps .

Figures

Figs. 11–17. Calophya species, adults. 11, 14. Forewing. 12, 14. Forewing showing surface spinules. 15. Head. 16. Antenna. 17. Female terminalia, in profile. 11, 12, 15–17. C. lutea sp. nov. 3, 4. C. latiforceps. 11–14. Scale = 0.2 mm. 15, 16. Scale = 0.1 mm. 17. Scale = 0.05 mm.

Figs. 18–25. Calophya species, male terminalia. 18, 19. Male terminalia, in profile. 20, 21. Male terminalia, in dorsal view. 22, 23. Paramere, in profile. 24, 25. Distal portion of aedeagus. 18, 20, 22, 24. C. lutea sp. nov. 19, 21, 23, 25. C. latiforceps. 18, 19. Scale = 0.1 mm. 20, 21. Scale = 0.05 mm. 22–25. Scale = 0.05 mm.

Figs. 26–30. Calophya species,fifh instar immature. 26, 27. Lef half of body, in dorsal view. 28, 29. Head and antenna, in dorsal view. 30. Apex of tarsus. 26, 28, 30. C. lutea sp. nov. 27, 29. C. latiforceps. 26, 27. Scale = 0.2 mm. 28, 29. Scale = 0.1 mm. 30. Scale = 0.03 mm.

Figs. 1–10. Calophya species on Schinus terebinthifolia. 1. One adult and immatures in pit galls. 2. Abaxial leaf surface with bottom of pit galls. 3. Immatures in pit galls. 4. Empty pit galls. 5. Pit galls, some of which are red. 6. Copulating adults. 7. Male. 8. Ovipositing female and eggs (white dots). 9. Immatures in pit galls secreting honeydew. 10. Emerging adult. 1–3, 7. C. terebinthifolii. 4–6, 8–10. C. latiforceps. (Photos by J. P. Cuda [3], R. Diaz [1, 4–6, 8–10], D. L. Queiroz [2, 7].