Polypedilum nubifer (Skuse)

Cranston, Peter S., Martin, Jon & Spies, Martin, 2016, Cryptic species in the nuisance midge Polypedilum nubifer (Skuse) (Diptera: Chironomidae) and the status of Tripedilum Kieffer, Zootaxa 4079 (4), pp. 429-447 : 434-438

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4079.4.3
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4F1CC4B7-2A6F-4BB6-8F05-00650BDB001A
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6075637
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CB87E7-FF97-525D-FF23-FA19FD6066CB
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Polypedilum nubifer (Skuse)
status

Treatment

Polypedilum nubifer (Skuse) View in CoL

( Figs 1B, E, H View FIGURE 1 ; 2A, D; 3A, B, D; 4A, C,E; 5A) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:

Chironomus nubifer Skuse, 1889 View in CoL ( Skuse, 1889, description of both adult sexes).

Chironomus (Polypedilum) octoguttatus Tokunaga, 1936 ; Sasa (1979, description of all stages).

Remaining synonymy as in Freeman (1961), Sasa & Sublette (1980), Kobayashi & Endo (2008), Cranston et al. (2013).

Type material. Lectotype ♂, of Chironomus nubifer , designated by Freeman (1961), slide mounted in Euparal (by PSC), [ AUSTRALIA: New South Wales] Berowra, F.A.A. Skuse ( ANIC).

Other material. Paralectotypes 1♂, 3♀♀, slide mounted in Euparal (by PSC), [New South Wales] Wheeney (sic! = Wheeny), Jan. [F.A.A. Skuse] ( ANIC).

Lectotype ♂ of Polypedilum pelostolum Kieffer , hereby designated, slide mounted in Euparal (by PSC), label data verbatim ‘Tainan / Formosa / H. Sauter (print), XI, 09’ (ink), ‘Kieffer det’ (print), ‘ COTYPUS’, ‘paratypus’ (print), ‘DEI Müncheberg / Dip-00019’.

Paralectotypes (only those examined on slide mounts in Euparal (PSC)), 1♀, same slide as Lectotype; same data except ‘ DEI Müncheberg / Dip-00018’ ; 1♂, same data as Lectotype except ‘ DEI Müncheberg / Dip-00009’ ; 1♂, ‘ Formosa, Sauter’ , ‘ Tainan 902IV’, ‘ pelostolum Kieff. [ink] det. Kieffer’, ‘ Purchd. from Budapest Mus. B.M. 1922-72 ’ ‘ BMNH (E) 1240747’ ; 1♀, same, except BMNH (E) 1240748’.

Additional material, examined for mensural ( Table 1) and molecular vouchering.

AUSTRALIA: Victoria, Werribee, ‘ Metropolitan Farm’, 23.iv.1970 ( Martin ), many ♂ ♀ reared from individual egg masses ( ANIC) ; New South Wales, Yanco Agricultural Institute, reared ex egg masses from rice fields ( Stevens ) ( ANIC) (L, MV) ; South Australia, Bolivar lagoon 32, 2.v.2013 ( Hincks ) ( ANIC-MV) (Larvae) ; Western Australia, Cockburn City, Yangebup Lake,. i.2014 ( Harris ) ( ANIC-MV) (Larvae) ; Northern Territory, Palm Valley, 24°03'N 132°42'E, 29.v.1992 (Cranston), reared from egg mass ( Martin ); Pe, Ranger Uranium Mine Retention Pond 1, 31.v.1988 (Cranston)( ANIC) GoogleMaps .

SINGAPORE: Pandan Reservoir , 1°19'7"N 103°44'35"E, multiple dates from. xi.2012 and GoogleMaps . v.2014 (NUS team) (ANIC, BMNH, most to RMBR) (all life stages, MV).

JAPAN: Okinawa: Yonaguni Is., Iriomote Is., Miyako Is. , Okinawa Is, Kume Is ; Kagoshima: Amami Is., Tanegashima Is. ; Miyazaki: Nichinan Coast ; Yamaguchi, R. Oze ; Hiroshima: R. Gonogawa, R. Ashida, R. Nuta ; Shiga: L. Biwa ; Gifu: R. Nagara (K. Kawai) ( ANIC), 1♂, slide mounted, from each location.

ISRAEL: Bief Netufa, Biq`at Valley area , 32°46’N 35°15’E, 15.ix.1968 (J. Kugler) ( ANIC), 2♂, ♀, L(cytology); Kazorea Waste Pond (L, MV); Elroi Spring, Kiryat Tivon GoogleMaps , 32°43’N 35°7’E 20.viii.2005 (L. Meltzer) ANIC) L; Kfar Yehoshua, 32°41’N 35°9’E 19.vi.2007 (N. Meltzer) (ANIC) L (MV). HAWAI’I: Kealia Pond, Kihei, Maui, 20°47’06” 156°27’56”, 8.xi.1999 (M. Nishimoto) (L, MV).

Description. Adults ( Figs 1B,E, H View FIGURE 1 , 2A View FIGURE 2 , 5A View FIGURE 5 ). For mensural features of specimens of both sexes in the type series and various geographic populations, see Table 1. Descriptions by Sasa (1979) and Sasa & Sublette (1980) are not contradicted. Frontal tubercles digitiform, 10–30 µm long. Fore tibial apex a rounded scale without spine ( Fig. 1B View FIGURE 1 ). Pulvillus ( Fig. 5A View FIGURE 5 ) divided in 2 parts; outer densely plumose but not forming ‘pad’, not extending to tip of claw; inner part longer and multiple branched; empodium narrow, weakly plumose and extending slightly beyond inner pulvillus branch. Tergite IX with ovoid pale setiferous area (TIX, Table 1). Male genitalia as in Fig. 1E View FIGURE 1 . Anal point parallel-sided. Gonocoxite bulging outward, broadly connected to gonostylus by pale membranous area. Gonostylus broad, distally with weak to strongly bilobed apex. Superior volsella narrow and sinuous, its shape varying according to aspect, apex upcurved; no seta at mid-length.

The female genitalia (of a paralectotype) are illustrated for the first time in detail ( Figs 1H View FIGURE 1 , 2A View FIGURE 2 ) to allow comparison to congeners. Seminal capsules located near anterior end of notum, pale, ovoid, c. 100 x 70 –80 µm; seminal ducts short, straight, leading directly to separate openings. Cerci rounded rectangular, 85–100 µm long x 60 –70 wide. Gonapophysis VIII lobes ( Fig. 2A View FIGURE 2 ): apodeme lobe not visible, dorsomesal lobe (DmL) strongly developed, almost rectangular on inner contour, densely setose with apical setae curved mesad; ventrolateral lobe (VlL) c. 60–70 µm long, densely setose with apical setae directed more posteriad than mesad. VlL extended more posteriorly than DmL, but both ‘large’. Postgenital plate with distinct, strongly setose projection.

Pupa ( Figs 2D View FIGURE 2 , 3A, B, D View FIGURE 3 ). Exuvial length 5.5–7.5 mm. Pale yellow with golden-brown highlights (spinules, hooklets, cephalic tubercles, wing and antenna sheath margins, apophyses), and medium to dark brown caudolateral ‘comb’. Cephalic tubercles ( Fig. 3A View FIGURE 3 ) triangular, 55–72 µm long and about equally wide at base, subapically bearing 25–32 µm long frontal seta inserted on tubercle just subapically. Thoracic horn highly plumose, arising from golden, oval basal ring. Thorax near dorsal midline with small tubercles aligned in unibiserial row. Abdominal tergite spine/spinule pattern and setation as in Fig. 3B View FIGURE 3 . Hook row on segment II c. 60–65% of tergite width, with c. 76–88 hooklets. Caudolateral ‘comb’ on VIII ( Figs 2D View FIGURE 2 , 3D View FIGURE 3 ) extends from L4 setal base on broad dark apophysis, with dominant (apical-most) spine and several subsidiary spines extending along strongly darkened submargin. Anal lobe fringe unevenly bi-serial, especially posteriorly, with 44–75 taeniae, without dorsal seta.

Larva ( Fig. 4A, C, E View FIGURE 4 ). For mensural features see Table 2. Head golden yellow, with dark, broad occipital margin ( Table 2, oml) and usually substantially dark brown to black postmentum. Antenna ( Fig. 4A View FIGURE 4 ) with alternate Lauterborn organs on a segment that might be either a more or less divided 2nd segment; blade extending no further than apex of this segment. Mentum ( Fig. 4C View FIGURE 4 ) with paired median teeth, and 7 pairs of laterals of which 1 st are very small, 2nd as high as medians, and 6th higher than 4th, 5th and 7th laterals. Microsculpture of ventromental plate ( Fig. 4E View FIGURE 4 ): with dense striae, terminating anteriorly on outer (lateralmost) corner of plate in elongate lamellae without hooks or lobes. Body conventional for the genus.