Otoba glycycarpa (Ducke) Rodrigues & Jaramillo (2000: 446)

Jaramillo-Vivanco, Tatiana S. & Balslev, Henrik, 2020, Revision of Otoba (Myristicaceae), Phytotaxa 441 (2), pp. 143-175 : 155-158

Otoba glycycarpa (Ducke) Rodrigues & Jaramillo (2000: 446) . (Figs. 3,4)

Basionym: Virola glycycarpa Ducke (1945: 9) .

Type :— BRAZIL. Amazonas : Esperança , mouth of Rio Javary, “ad ostium fluminis Javary,” Apr 1944, Ducke 1508, fruits (holotype: US! 2 sheets; isotypes: A-photo, F-photo, NY!, RB-photo, 3 sheets) .

Petiole 20–30 × 2 mm, obscurely winged; lamina 12–21 × 4–8 cm, papery to leathery, usually ferruginous and densely pubescent below; secondary veins 8–16 per side; intramarginal veins absent. Staminate inflorescence sessile; partial inflorescences 1–2, pubescent, ca. 100-flowered; umbelliform parts alternate, 4–10 flowered; bracteoles absent. Staminate flowers with pedicel 1.5–2.0(–5.5) mm long; perianth 2.0– 2.5 mm long, inner surface smooth, without a swollen ring at base; androecium 1–2 mm long; filament column often bottle-shaped, fused but sometimes somewhat divergent distally; anthers reniform, apex straight, basally attached to the filaments apex, 0.5–0.6 mm long. Pistillate inflorescence similar to the staminate one, but with partial inflorescence 40-flowered; umbelliform parts with 2– 4 flowers. Pistillate flowers similar to staminate ones, but with pedicel 2–4 mm long; perianth 1.5–5.0 mm long; gynoecium 0.8–1.8 mm long; ovary pubescent, bottle-shaped, ca. 1 × 1 mm; stigmatic lobes free or fused along one side. Infructescence with 1–2(–3) fruits. Fruit 3–4 cm diam, globose to subglobose, apex obtuse to acute; pericarp 5–8 mm thick; aril white; seed ca. 2 cm diam, without prickles.

Representative specimens examined:— COLOMBIA. Amazonas: alrededores de la quebrada Agua Pudre, 1992, Rudas et al. 3738 ( FMB nv). Caquetá: Carretera de Neiva a San Vicente, entre los sitios Sibaté y las Morras (km 110-116), Cordillera Oriental, 1990, Betancur 2221 ( MO nv). Meta: Vda. Guaduas, 2004, Ramírez 8594 ( COA nv). Putumayo: Vda. Libano, finca del Sr. Manuel Cuasialpud, 2013, Montoya 2300 ( COA nv). Vaupés: Estación biológica Mosiro Itajura Caparú, 2004, González & Edgar Yukuna 39 ( COL nv). ECUADOR. Morona-Santiago: Río Morona, Little et al. 511 (LOJA, QCNE, US). Napo: Jatun Sacha, 8 km E of Misahuallí, Neill 8704 ( AAU, GB, K, MO, QCNE). Orellana: Yasuní National Park, Conoco-Amo 2 oil field, Neill et al. 8165 ( AAU, MO, QCA, QCNE). Pastaza: 115 km S of Coca, near Río Tigüino, Hurtado et al. 1319 ( AAU, GB, K, MO, NY, QCNE). Sucumbíos: Parroquia Pto. Libre (San Pedro de los Cofanes), Comunidad Cofán de Sinangüe, 1993, Cerón Martínez 21482 ( MO nv). Zamora-Chinchipe: Río Nangaritza, Miazi, Gentry 80524 ( MO, QCNE). PERU. Amazonas: Dist. Imaza, Kampaensa, 1995, Vásquez et al. 20405 ( MO). Cajamarca: Distrito Huarango. Poblado Selva Andina, trocha comunal, 2007, Perea 3091 ( MO nv). Cusco: Dist. Qosñipata, Pongo de Qoñec, 2003, Huamantupa Chuquimaco 2866 ( MO nv). Huanuco: Distrito Pucayacu, sector Nueva Esperanza, Parque Nacional Cordillera Azul, 2017, Valenzuela Gamarra 32164 ( MO nv). Junín: Distrito Huasahuasi, zona de amortiguamiento del Santuario Nacional Pampa Hermosa, camino a Ninabamba, 2016, Vásquez Martínez 40696 ( MO nv). Loreto: Yanamono, Explorama Tourist Camp, Río Amazonas, halfway between Indiana and mouth of Río Napo, 1988, Gentry et al. 60930 ( MO). Pasco: Distrito Palcazú, zona de amortiguamiento del bosque de protección de San Matías San Carlos, 2016, Vásquez Martínez 40476 ( MO nv). Puno: Río Candamo, fila at mouth of Río Guacamayo, 1992, Gentry et al. 77269 ( MO). San Martín: Puente Serranoyacu, S side of valley, 1983, Leo Luna 179 ( MO). BRAZIL. Acre: Margem direita do rio Moa, Fazenda Arizona, 1984, Cid Ferreira 5303 ( UPCB nv, K). BOLIVIA. La Paz: Alto Beni, ladera de la serrania Marimonos, 1992, Seidel 5850 ( MO nv).

Distribution:— Common in the Amazon region ( Fig. 5) from central and southeastern Colombia, Ecuador, Brazil, Peru to northwestern Bolivia, 0–1800 m. Sympatric with O. parvifolia , which can be easily separated by the whitish and glabrescent hairs on their lower leaf surface in O. parvifolia vs. ferruginous and conspicuously pubescent in O. glycycarpa .

Conservation status:— LC, low concern ( IUCN 2020).

Notes:— Fruits of this species are eaten by toucans ( Ramphastos sp. ) and parrots (i.e., Forpus sp. and Pionites sp. ); mashed or boiled bark and latex are used by externally to treat skin diseases caused by fungi; the trunk is used for timber in Ecuador.

Vernacular names:— Ayepehue, bella María, egepehue, eyepehue, eyorehue, guequihua, meñihue, puca huapa, tsempu ( Ecuador); aguanillo, cumala colorada ( Peru).