Paranoplocephaloides Gulyaev, 1996

Haukisalmi, Voitto, 2009, A taxonomic revision of the genus Anoplocephaloides Baer, 1923 sensu Rausch (1976), with the description of four new genera (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae), Zootaxa 2057, pp. 1-31 : 11-12

Paranoplocephaloides Gulyaev, 1996

(Fig. 3)

Diagnosis: Strobila fairly short and thin. Scolex large, distinct from anterior strobila. Suckers prominent, directed anteriorly. Neck (unsegmented region) present. Proglottides craspedote, wider than long. Genitalia single. Genital pores irregularly alternating, positioned in middle of proglottis margin or slightly posteriorly. Genital atrium weak; genital papilla absent. Genital ducts cross osmoregulatory canals dorsally. Internal and external seminal vesicles present. Cirrus sac short, overlapping or extending slightly across ventral longitudinal canal. Retractor muscle of cirrus sac absent. Testes arranged in single transverse group in antiporal part of proglottis, may overlap or extend slightly across antiporal ventral longitudinal canal. Ovary large relative to proglottis size, transverse, sparsely lobed, median or slightly poral. Vagina short, overlapping ventral longitudinal canal, enters genital atrium posterior or postero-ventral to cirrus sac. Early uterus transverse tube in anterior part of proglottis, ventral to testes, overlapping or crossing longitudinal osmoregulatory canals ventrally and bilaterally; poral end terminates anterior to cirrus sac. Fully developed (pregravid) uterus sparsely sacculated with wide anterior and posterior sacculi that are usually pressed against adjacent sacculi throughout their development; distinct transverse trunk absent. Testes persist after resorption of female glands overlapping developing uterus. Pyriform apparatus present. Parasitic in cricetid ( Arvicolinae ) rodents. Type-species: P. schachmatovae Gulyaev, 1996 ; holotype No. 153, MIES, Novosibirsk, from the root/tundra vole Microtus oeconomus (Pallas) . Other species: P. r a u s c h i ( Genov, Georgiev & Biserkov, 1984) Gulyaev, 1996 (syn. Anoplocephaloides rauschi Genov, Georgiev & Biserkov, 1984 ).

Remarks. Paranoplocephaloides belongs to the group of genera characterized by an anteriorly positioned early uterus that overlaps or extends ventrally across longitudinal canals and later becomes sacculated. In these respects it most closely resembles Anoplocephaloides , Microcephaloides, Hokkaidocephala and Gallegoides (Table 2; see also Gulyaev 1996). Paranoplocephaloides has been compared with Anoplocephaloides and Microcephaloides above. Uterine development after the tubular stage is different in Paranoplocephaloides and Hokkaidocephala; they also differ by the direction of the suckers, presence or absence of a neck, alternation of the genital pores and other features. Externally Paranoplocephaloides slightly resembles the small-bodied Leporidotaenia and Genovia n. g., but Paranoplocephaloides can be separated from the latter genera by the direction of the suckers, presence/absence of a neck and alternation of the genital pores. Gallegoides differs unambiguously from Paranoplocephaloides and other related genera by the distribution of the testes and alternation of the genital pores.

Paranoplocephaloides schachmatovae inhabits the posterior small intestine ( Gulyaev 1996).

Diagnosis: Strobila fairly short and wide. Tegument with trichoid covering. Suckers directed anteriorly. Neck (unsegmented region) absent. Proglottides craspedote, wider than long. Velum straight. Genitalia single. Genital pores regularly alternating, with few deviations, positioned in middle of proglottis margin or slightly posteriad. Genital atrium strong, capable of forming prominent genital papilla. Genital ducts cross osmoregulatory canals dorsally. Internal and external seminal vesicles present. Cirrus sac prominent, extending markedly beyond ventral longitudinal canal. Retractor muscle of cirrus sac present. Testes arranged in single compact group in antiporal part of proglottis, not extending to antiporal canals. Ovary fairly small, rounded, median, sparsely lobed. Vagina long, extending markedly beyond longitudinal canals; enters genital atrium posterior to cirrus sac. Early uterus transverse tube in anterior part of proglottis; does not reach longitudinal canals. Fully developed (pregravid) uterus composed of distinct anterior and posterior sacculi; distinct transverse trunk absent. Sacculated uterus overlaps functional testes and female glands. Pyriform apparatus present. Parasitic in leporids ( Lagomorpha ). Type species: L. romerolagi (Kamiya, Suzuki & Villa- R., 1979) Genov, Murai, Georgiev & Harris, 1990 (syn. Anoplocephaloides romerolagi Kamiya, Suzuki & Villa-R., 1979); holotype from the volcano rabbit Romerolagus diazi Ferrari-Pérez , deposited at the DPUH (accession number not specified). For data on additional specimens, see Genov et al. (1990).

FIGURE. 3. Paranoplocephaloides schachmatovae from Microtus oeconomus (redrawn from Gulyaev 1996). A. Scolex (scale-bar 0.30 mm). B. Mature proglottis (scale-bar 0.30 mm). C. Uterus in a pregravid proglottis (scale-bar 0.50 mm).