Paravelia
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.3784.1.1 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BF2D8D88-FADF-4CB4-8311-A523214A1292 |
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6495818 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CB87B8-FFDB-FFAD-FF78-FA4C6E8A2A30 |
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treatment provided by |
Plazi |
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scientific name |
Paravelia |
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Key to the species of Paravelia View in CoL recorded from Brazil
Specimens of part of these species were not examined, and only the characters mentioned in the original descriptions have been considered, which makes the key somewhat preliminary. However, because literature on Paravelia is scattered over several, sometimes rather old, small papers dealing with descriptions of one or a few species only, a comprehensive key to the genus is urgently needed.
1. Humeral angle with spinose projection ( Fig. 19 View FIGURE 19 B).................................................... P. spinifera View in CoL
- Humeral angle without spinose projection.................................................................. 2
2. Intersegmental region between head and pronotum and ventrally below acetabulae with a wide stripe of white cuticle ( Fig. 5 View FIGURE 5 B)................................................................................... P. bipunctata View in CoL sp. nov.
- Intersegmental region of these areas without stripe of white cuticle...............................................3
3. Body length less than 3.40 mm ........................................................................... 4
- Body length equal to or more than 3.40 mm ................................................................. 5
4. Head, pronotum, legs, and abdomen covered by small black denticles; anterior lobe of pronotum with a pair of pruinose areas laterally ( Figs 18 View FIGURE 18 C–D)......................................................................... P. splendoris View in CoL
- Body and legs without black denticles, covered by very long setae; anterior lobe of pronotum without pruinosity ( Figs 14 View FIGURE 14 C–D)............................................................................................ P. capixaba View in CoL
5. Forewings with bubble-like structures on basal region near humeral angles ( Fig. 14 View FIGURE 14 A)..................... .. P. bullialata View in CoL
- Forewings without bubble-like structures................................................................... 6
6. Pronotum with a distinct conical projection between humeral angles ( Fig. 15 View FIGURE 15 A).............................. P. c on at a
- Pronotum without dorsal conical projection.................................................................7
7. Venter of abdomen covered by rounded or oval punctations (as in Fig. 6 View FIGURE 6 D)......................................... 8
- Venter of abdomen not covered by punctations.............................................................. 12
8. Male with pronotum distinctly widened anteriorly ( Fig. 15 View FIGURE 15 B); female without widened pronotum; body length equal to or more than 5.30 mm .................................................................................. P. dilatata View in CoL
- Pronotum not widened anteriorly; body length less than 5.30 mm ................................................9
9. Basal macula of forewing narrowed on posterior half; a small rounded white macula present on side of basal macula ( Fig. 17 View FIGURE 17 A)............................................................................................. P. foveata View in CoL
– Basal macula of forewing with parallel margins; additional rounded maculae absent on base of wing................... 10
10. Distance between basal and apical maculae of forewings smaller than length of basal macula; apical macula slightly con- stricted medially ( Mazzucconi 2000: Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 )..................................................... P. hungerfordi View in CoL
- Distance between basal and apical maculae of forewings distinctly greater than length of basal macula; apical macula distinctly constricted medially (as in Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 A)...................................................................... 11
11. Apical macula of forewing strongly constricted medially, sometimes disconnected in median region ( Figs 4 View FIGURE 4 A–B); posterior margin of male abdominal sternite VII with two small lobes ( Fig. 6 View FIGURE 6 D); male proctiger with a pair of bilobed projections ( Fig. 6 View FIGURE 6 –F)................................................................................. P. bilobata View in CoL sp. nov.
- Apical macula of forewing less constricted medially ( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 A); posterior margin of male abdominal sternite VII without lobes, almost straight ( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 B); projections of male proctiger not bilobed ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 A–B)................... P. amapaensis View in CoL sp. nov.
12. Forewing with white tear-like basal macula, starting from humeral angle and passing posterior margin of pronotum ( Fig. 7 View FIGURE 7 A)..................................................................................... P. lacrymosa View in CoL sp. nov.
- Forewing macula not as above..........................................................................13
13. Forewing with a small elongated narrow macula below the posterior margin of pronotum; at apex another pair of laterally placed rounded maculae; all maculae whitish (as in Fig. 14 View FIGURE 14 B).................................................. 14
- Forewing maculae not as above......................................................................... 15
14. Body length 4.20–4.95 mm; tibiae armed with denticles on inner margin ( Fig. 14 View FIGURE 14 B)......................... P. capillata View in CoL
- Body length 5.50 mm; tibiae unarmed.............................................................. P. cognata View in CoL
15. Forewing with basal and apical maculae very small, of similar size, and rounded ( Fig. 8 View FIGURE 8 A)....... P. micromaculata View in CoL sp. nov.
- Forewing with basal and apical maculae of different size and shape............................................. 16
16. Forewing with a subtriangular white basal macula along costal margin; at apex an oval area and a pair of irregular maculae on margin..................................................................................... P. cupariana View in CoL
- Forewing maculae not as above.......................................................................... 17
17. Head, thorax, and connexives covered by small black denticles; pronotum orange or yellowish orange; forewing with an addi- tional white stripe in front of the basal macula; one macula present on cubital vein and a whitish line surrounding the wing; at apex another white macula (as in Figs 10 View FIGURE 10 A, 18B)............................................................18
- Black denticles, if covering body, not distributed as above; forewing at most with basal and apical maculae.............. 20
18. General body color yellowish orange; body length 5.00 mm; male abdominal sternite VII with a pair of distinct projections ( Hungerford 1930a: Fig. 9 View FIGURE 9 )....................................................................... P. confusa View in CoL
- General body color orange to orange brown; body length 3.80–4.25 mm; male abdominal sternite VII without projections (as in Fig. 10 View FIGURE 10 C)......................................................................................... 19
19. Antennomere IV whitish, with small brown areas on base and apex ( Fig. 18 View FIGURE 18 B); male proctiger with a distinct horn-like expan- sion on basal region, and small black denticles on apex ( Fig. 20 View FIGURE 20 D); posterior angle of last connexival segment of female not developed.............................................................................. P. rotundanotata View in CoL
- Antennomere IV entirely orange brown ( Fig. 10 View FIGURE 10 A); male proctiger only with a basal elevation, without small black denticles on apex ( Fig. 12 View FIGURE 12 B); posterior angle of last connexival segment of female developed, acute ( Fig. 12 View FIGURE 12 D)...... P. or n at a sp. nov.
20. Forewing with basal macula distinctly yellow ( Figs 11 View FIGURE 11 A, 13A–B).............................................. 21
- Forewing with basal macula white, yellowish white or orange yellow (the last color can occur in some specimens of P. ita- tiayana)............................................................................................ 22
21. Thorax and abdomen dark brown to black; basal macula of forewing starting from humeral angle; male with a pair of projec- tions on abdominal sternite VII; apical macula of forewings, when present, narrow and elongated ( Figs 13 View FIGURE 13 A–B); hind femur without spines................................................................................. P. basalis View in CoL
- Thorax dark brown, abdomen ventrally light brown to brown; basal macula of forewing starting close to humeral angle; apical macula of forewings rounded ( Fig. 11 View FIGURE 11 A); female hind femur with 5–7 spines ( Fig. 12 View FIGURE 12 F) (male unknown)...................................................................................................... P. p ol h e m us i sp. nov.
22. Body with small black denticles, distributed on dorsum and venter of head, on abdominal sternites, connexives and/or genital segments........................................................................................... 23
- Body without small black denticles...................................................................... 29
23. Posterior angle of pronotum acuminated (as in Fig. 17 View FIGURE 17 D); male abdominal sternite VII with a pair of acute projections (Moreira & Barbosa 2012: Fig. 13 View FIGURE 13 ).............................................................................. 24
- Posterior angle of pronotum rounded (as in Fig. 17 View FIGURE 17 B) to slightly acute (as in Fig. 13 View FIGURE 13 C), not acuminated; male abdominal stern- ite VII without projections.............................................................................. 25
24. Pronotum orange, with anterior lobe, humeral angles, and wide median stripe brownish; base of paramere with dorsal surface slightly widened ( Polhemus & Polhemus 1985: Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 ); female hind femur with about seven black denticles on ventral surface, larger towards apex.............................................................................. P. truxali View in CoL
- Pronotum dark brown to black, with margins of posterior lobe orange ( Fig. 17 View FIGURE 17 D); paramere with a small basal notch on dorsal surface ( Fig. 20 View FIGURE 20 A); female hind femur with 4–6 small spines on distal half................................ .. P. nieseri View in CoL
25. Small black denticles present on connexives; body length 3.54–4.00 mm......................................... 26
- Small black denticles absent on connexives; body length 4.58–5.10 mm ......................................... 28
26. Body length 3.54 mm; first genital segment of male without small black denticles; paramere curved inward, becoming darker and narrower towards apex........................................................................ .. P. ne x a
- Body length 4.00 mm; first genital segment of male with small black denticles laterally; paramere not as above.......... 27
27. Paramere curved, constricted near base and after middle, with wide apex..................................... P. kahli View in CoL
- Paramere with apex strongly curved and acute......................................................... P. parilis View in CoL
28. Anterior lobe of pronotum laterally with a pair of silvery pubescent areas ( Figs 2 View FIGURE 2 A–B); abdominal sternites covered by rounded small black denticles.............................................................. P. bahiana View in CoL sp. nov.
- Anterior lobe of pronotum without silvery pubescence ( Fig. 17 View FIGURE 17 B); central region of abdominal sternites II-VII and posterolat- eral margins of abdominal segment VII covered by conical small black denticles........................... P. lanemeloi View in CoL
29. Body length equal to or more than 4.90 mm ................................................................ 30
- Body length less than 4.90 mm (bromeliadicolous species).................................................... 33
30. Posterior angle of pronotum terminating in a small process (as in Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 F) or acuminated; femora and tibiae dark brown; male abdominal sternite VII without projections or lobes on posterior margin......................................... 31
- Posterior angle of pronotum rounded (as in Figs 19 View FIGURE 19 A,C); male abdominal sternite VII with a pair of projections ( Fig. 19 View FIGURE 19 C) or with two small lobes medially on posterior margin ( Hungerford 1930a: Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 )..................................... 32
31. Posterior angle of pronotum acuminated; body length equal to or less than 6.00 mm; paramere slightly narrowed on base, with- out dorsal notch ( Polhemus & Polhemus 1984b: Fig. 5 View FIGURE 5 )................................................ P. j u r ua na
- Posterior angle of pronotum terminating in a small process (as in Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 F); body length more than 6.00 mm; paramere with a dorsal notch near base, slightly curved ( Spangler 1989: Fig. 6 View FIGURE 6 )............................................. P. biae View in CoL
32. Femora yellowish on basal half, remaining of legs brownish ( Fig. 19 View FIGURE 19 C); male with a pair of distinct projections on posterior margin of abdominal sternite VII ( Fig. 19 View FIGURE 19 D); body length 5.80–6.00 mm.................................. P. williamsi View in CoL
- Legs dark brown ( Fig. 19 View FIGURE 19 A); posterior margin of male abdominal sternite VII medially extended, forming two small lobes on sides of a central concavity ( Hungerford 1930a: Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 ); body length 5.03 mm ............................. P. platensis View in CoL
33. Apical macula of forewings rounded, not touching or nearly reaching the posterior margin of wings ( Fig.18 View FIGURE 18 A)...... P. re c e ns
- Apical macula of forewings, when present, elongated and narrow, touching or nearly reaching the posterior margin of wings (as in Figs 15 View FIGURE 15 C, 17C).................................................................................. 34
34. Anterior lobe of pronotum with a pair of pubescent areas (as in Fig. 17 View FIGURE 17 C)........................................ 35
- Anterior lobe of pronotum without pubescence ( Figs 15 View FIGURE 15 C–D).......................................... P. itatiayana View in CoL
35. Silvery pubescence on anterior lobe of pronotum longitudinal and narrow slightly bowed outward; paramere narrowed on pos- terior half (Moreira & Barbosa 2011: Figs 12 View FIGURE 12 , 13 View FIGURE 13 ).................................................. .. P. gabrielae View in CoL
- Whitish pubescence on anterior lobe of pronotum subrectangular and wide ( Fig. 17 View FIGURE 17 C); paramere not narrowed on posterior half ( Polhemus & Polhemus 1991: Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 )............................................................ P. manausana View in CoL
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