Pandava shiva, Almeida-Silva, Lina M., Griswold, Charles E. & Brescovit, Antonio D., 2010

Almeida-Silva, Lina M., Griswold, Charles E. & Brescovit, Antonio D., 2010, Revision of the Asian spider genus Pandava Lehtinen (Araneae: Titanoecidae): description of five new species and first record of Titanoecidae from Africa, Zootaxa 2630, pp. 30-56 : 43-47

Pandava shiva sp. nov.

Fig. 58–83

Type material. Holotype male and paratype female from Rajasthan, Keoladeonati park, India, 3-5.XII.1989, V. and B. Roth, deposited in CAS (CASENT 9032827 and 9032830, respectively). Paratype female from 4 mi Northwest of Kharian (elev. 350m), W Pakistan, 14.XII.1961, E. S. Ross & D. Q. Cavagnaro, deposited in IBSP (156973).

Etymology. The specific epithet is a noun in apposition referring to the Hindu God Shiva , which means the “Auspicious one” in Sanskrit.

Diagnosis. Pandava shiva differs from P. hunanensis in the more anteriorly curved PLT ( Figs. 58–60 , 70, 72 ); MLT with enlarged base and hyaline plate with five projections ( Figs. 58–60 , 70 ); median apophysis absent ( Figs. 61–63 ) on the male palp; epigynum with short distance between the epigynal rims ( Fig. 73 ) and posterior border of median field pointed ( Fig. 73 ) in the female.

Description. Male (holotype). Coloration: carapace brown to yellowish with cephalic area and chelicerae dark brown. Leg I and femora II–IV brown, other articles pale brown. Abdomen brown. Total length 4.60. Carapace 2.08 long; 1.28 wide; 0.63 high. Clypeus 0.13 high. Abdomen 2.40 long; 1.52 wide. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.08; ALE 0.13; PME 0.10; PLE 0.10; AME–AME 0.10; AME–ALE 0.10; PME– PME 0.13; PME–PLE 0.20; AME–PME 0.11; ALE–PLE 0.06. Chelicerae 1.13 long. Leg measurements: I: femur 2.18/ patella 0.90/ tibia 2.02/ metatarsus 1.68/ tarsus 0.78/ total 7.56; II: 1.88/ 0.78/ 1.75/ 1.10/ 0.73/ 6.23; III: 1.59/ 0.50/ 1.28/ 1.06/ 0.56/ 4.99; IV: 1.78/ 0.65/ 1.55/ 1.63/ 0.58/ 6.18. Leg formula 1243. Leg spination: femur I: p1ap; metatarsus III and IV: p1ap, r1ap. Male tibial crack and distally curved setae absent. Palpal femur stridulatory file with a high density of round granules ( Figs. 68–69 ).

Female (paratype). Coloration: carapace brown. Cephalic area and chelicerae dark brown. Legs I and II brown, III and IV pale brown. Abdomen brown to grayish. Total length 4.85. Carapace 2.16 long; 1.31 wide; 1.10 high. Clypeus 0.12 high. Abdomen 2.76 long; 1.80 wide. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.08; ALE 0.12; PME 0.09; PLE 0.09; AME–AME 0.10; AME–ALE 0.12; PME–PME 0.16; PME–PLE 0.29; AME–PME 0.10; ALE–PLE 0.03. Chelicerae 0.75 long. Leg measurements: I: femur 1.59/ patella 0.72/ tibia 1.41/ metatarsus 1.28/ tarsus 0.66/ total 5.66; II: 1.34/ 0.66/ 1.22/ 0.91/ 0.53/ 4.66; III: 1.28/ 0.59/ 0.94/ 0.84/ 0.48/ 4.14; IV: 1.44/ 0.69/ 1.28/ 0.78/ 0.34/ 4.53. Leg formula 1243. Spines and distally curved setae absent. Epigynum internally with membranous copulatory ducts, a single and elongated spermatheca ( Figs. 74–77 ), junction between copulatory duct and spermatheca enlarged. Giant pore absent, primary pore located in the middle of the spermatheca ( Figs. 75–77 ).

Variation. Length (10 females): total 4.00–6.30; carapace 2.19–2.65; femur I 1.60–2.16. Geographical distribution. Asia: India and Pakistan

Additional material examined. PAKISTAN. West Pakistan, 4 mi northwest Kharian (elev. 350m), 14.XII.1961, E. S. Ross and D. Q. Cavagnaro (CASENT 9032826, 9 Ψ, 2 immatures; IBSP 156974, 2Ψ).

Figures

FIGURES 58 – 63. Pandava shiva sp. nov., ♂ (CASENT 9032827, India). 58. DTA from male right palp, dorsal view; 59. Ditto, anterior view; 60. Ditto, prolateral view; 61. Male right palp bulb, ventral view; 62. Ditto frontal view; 63. Ditto retrolateral view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; E—Embolus; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT— Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT—Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; ST—Subtegulum; T—Tegulum; TF— Tegular furrow.

FIGURES 64 – 69. Pandava shiva sp. nov., ♂ and Ψ (CASENT 9032827, India; CASENT 9032826; Pakistan). 64. Female chelicerae, retrolateral view; 65. Ditto, detail of stridulatory setae; 66. Female left palpal femur, prolateral view; 67. Ditto, detail of stridulatory files; 68. Male right palpal femur, prolateral view; 69. Ditto, detail of stridulatory file.

FIGURES 70 – 74. Pandava shiva sp. nov. ♂ and Ψ (CASENT 9032827, 9032826, India and Pakistan). 70. Male left palp, dorsal view; 71. Ditto, retrolateral view; 72. Ditto, ventral view; 73. Epigynum, ventral view; 74. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CB—Cymbium; CD—Copulatory duct; CF—Cymbial furrow; CO—Copulatory openings; E— Embolus; ER—Epigynal rim; FD—Fertilization duct; MF—Median field; MLT—Median lobe of tibial apophysis; PLT—Prolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; RLT—Retrolateral lobe of tibial apophysis; S—Spermathecae; SD—Sinuous depression; ST—Subtegulum; TF—Tegular furrow; TP—Tegular process.

FIGURES 75 – 77. Pandava shiva sp. nov. Ψ (CASENT 9032826, Pakistan). 75. Vulva, dorsal view; 76. Ditto, left spermatheca and copulatory duct; 77. Ditto, right spermatheca lateral view. Primary pore indicated by black circles. Abbreviations: CD—Copulatory duct; FD—Fertilization duct; S—Spermathecae.

FIGURES 78 – 83. Pandava shiva sp. nov., Ψ, (CASENT 9032826, Pakistan). 78. Spinnerets, posterior overview; 79. Left spinnerets; 80. Cribellate spigots; 81. Anterior lateral spinneret, left; 82. Posterior median spinneret, left; 83. Posterior lateral spinneret, right. Abbreviations: AC—Aciniform gland spigot; ALS—Anterior lateral spinnerets; CY— Cylindrical gland spigot; MAP—Major ampullate gland spigot; mAP—Minor ampullate gland spigot; PC—Paracribellar gland spigot; PI—Piriform gland spigot; PLS—Posterior lateral spinnerets; PMS—Posterior median spinnerets.