Harttia panara, Oyakawa & Fichberg & Py-Daniel, 2018

Oyakawa, Osvaldo T., Fichberg, Ilana & Py-Daniel, Lucia Rapp, 2018, Three new species of Harttia (Loricariidae: Loricariinae) from Serra do Cachimbo, Rio Xingu basin, Pará, Northern Brazil, Zootaxa 4387 (1), pp. 75-90 : 78-81

Harttia panara , new species

( Figs. 2 , 4 , 5 , 6 ; Tables 1, 2)

Harttia sp. Xingu2— Covain et al., 2016 (reference, distribution, molecular phylogeny).

Holotype. MZUSP 101392 , 105.7 mm SL, Brazil, Pará, Rio Xingu Basin, Rio Curuá, tributary of Rio Iriri , above the Cachoeira do Curuá waterfall, on the bridge at highway Cuiabá-Santarém (BR-163), mun. Novo Progresso , 8º53'54"S 54°59'20"W, A.L. Netto-Ferreira, J.L. Birindelli, L.M. Sousa & P.H. Hollanda-Carvalho, 22 January 2009 .

Paratypes. Brazil, Pará, Rio Xingu Basin : MZUSP 115484 , 1 , 73.1 mm SL , INPA-ICT 0 53239, 99.8 mm SL, collected with holotype . MZUSP 97080, 2, 77.8–102.8 mm, Rio Curuá, tributary of Rio Iriri, on the bridge at BR- 163, mun. Novo Progresso , 8º53'54"S 54°59'20"W, J.L. Birindelli, L.M. Sousa, A.L. Netto-Ferreira, M.H. Sabaj, N.K. Lujan, 29 October 2007 . MZUSP 97088, 9 (3 c&s), INPA-ICT 0 53241, 2, 72.1– 8.5 mm SL, Rio Curuá, tributary of Rio Iriri, in the cofferdam of the Buriti Hydroeletric Power , mun. Novo Progresso , 8º46'09"S 54°57'02"W, J.L. Birindelli, L.M. Sousa, A.L. Netto-Ferreira, M.H. Sabaj, N.K. Lujan, 21 October 2007 . MZUSP 118551, 2, 99.6–123.3 mm SL, Rio Curuá, tributary of Rio Iriri at the Cachoeira do Curuá waterfall, near the village of PCH Curuá and Churrascaria Cachoeira do Curuá, between the 40 m falls and the three small falls of approximately 1 to 5 m, mun. Novo Progresso, 8˚44’9.5”S 54˚57’46.5”W, 0 6 August 2015, O.T. Oyakawa, W.M. Ohara & M. Pastana.

Diagnosis. Abdomen completely covered by plates readily discriminates H. panara from members of the H.

loricariformis group (naked abdomen) and from members of H. rhombocephala group (abdomen partially covered). Harttia panara can be distinguished from H. surinamensis , H. fowleri , and H. duriventris by having the caudal peduncle slightly compressed laterally after confluence of lateral keels vs. caudal peduncle strongly compressed laterally after confluence of lateral keels. In addition, H. panara can be distinguished from these species, plus H. dissidens , by having a smaller orbital diameter, respectively 14.8–19.0% [16.6%] vs. 19.2–23.0% [20.9%] in H. surinamensis , 20.8–23.1% [22.0%] in H. fowleri , 18.1–25.5% [20.8%] in H. duriventris and 21.4– 24.1% [22.5%] in H. dissidens . Also, the interorbital width discriminates H. panara , 28.6–35.2% [31.0%] from H. dissidens , 23.6–26.2% [24.8%]. Harttia panara can be distinguished from H. absaberi by having two large preanal plates vs. one pre-anal plate; and by the absence of a specialized chain-like bone structure of second dorsal-fin spine vs. presence in H. absaberi . H. panara can also be distinguished from H. villasboas by having a smaller head length 22.8–24.8% [23.4%] vs. 24.0–29.9% [26.3%] of SL. Finally, H. panara can be distinguished from H. villasboas by having the anterior profile of head roughly triangular in dorsal view vs. elliptical in dorsal view.

Description. Measurements and counts in the Table 2. Member of H. fowleri group. Body dorsoventrally depressed and elongated, widest at cleithrum. Dorsal profile of body straight and abruptly ascending from tip of snout to anterior region of orbit, and slightly convex from this point to dorsal-fin origin, and gently descending to end of caudal peduncle. Ventral profile of body straight from tip of snout to caudal fin.

Anterior profile of head moderately triangular in dorsal view. Eye roughly oval, inferior margin of orbit slightly concave. Dorsal flap of iris present. Interorbital flat, parieto-supraoccipital flat or slightly convex. Tip of snout with small, oval and naked area completely circumscribed by rostral plates bearing small odontodes. Lips covered by papillae, more numerous and smaller in lower lip. Posterior border of lower lip not reaching anterior margin of pectoral girdle. Premaxilla with 31–58 [33] bicuspid teeth, both cusps almost with same size; dentary with 29–36 [32] teeth, inner cusp slightly longer than outer. Maxillary barbel reaching 50% of de length of lower lips, joined to lip by small flap of tissue; barbel with small papillae. Presence of a conspicuous spherical papilla in the roof of mouth anterior to the oral valve. Infraorbital series with five plates; infraorbital 5 contacting inferior branch of sphenotic. Inferior region of orbit delimited by infraorbitals 3 to 5. Canal plate exposed, roughly triangular.

Abdominal region completely covered by roughly trapezoidal to quadrangular small plates. Plates near gular area contacting canal plate. Plates covering posterior region of abdomen larger than those in gular area. Eight to 11 [10] lateral abdominal plates, rectangular and elongate. Preanal plates two, roughly rectangular and well developed, bordered anteriorly by a line of irregular plates. Five longitudinal series of plates on trunk. Median series with 27–29 [28] perforated plates. Two weakly developed, parallel and longitudinal odontodes keels coalesced at 19th–20th plates.

Dorsal fin II,7; its origin on vertical through above pelvic-fin origin. Spinelet, or first spine, half-moon shaped, approximately with same width of base of second dorsal-fin spine. Dorsal-fin spine articulates with second dorsalfin pterygiophore through a condyle on dorsal region of this structure. Tip of last rays of dorsal fin, when adpressed, reaching vertical through of origin of last anal-fin ray. Pectoral fin I,6; tip of pectoral-fin spine and first two branched rays surpassing insertion of pelvic-fin spine. Mature males with dorsal region of pectoral-fin spine covered by well-developed odontodes strongly bent and turned forward. Pelvic fin i,5; tip of pelvic-fin spine reaching insertion of anal-fin spine. Anal fin i,5; tips of first and last basal radials of anal fin lying below hemal spines of vertebrae 14–18, respectively. Hemal spines of vertebrae 14–18 bifid; hemal spines of vertebrae 14, 16, and 18 very large. First anal-fin pterygiophore roughly rectangular shaped and not covered by skin. Caudal fin emarginated, i,12,i, with five supracaudal plates on its base; median plate bearing lateral line canal. Two procurrent rays on base of upper and lower caudal-fin rays. Caudal peduncle slightly compressed laterally after confluence of lateral keels.

Color in alcohol. Dorsal region of body light brown, with five transverse inconspicuous dark brown marks, first at origin of dorsal fin, second starting at end of last rays of dorsal fin, followed by third and fourth in middle of caudal peduncle, and fifth at origin of caudal-fin rays. In some specimens, including holotype, anterior and posterior margins of marks more intensely pigmented. Ventral region light brown. All fins with four to five transverse dark brown marks. Base of anal-fin spine with dark brown spot. Base of caudal-fin inner rays with dark bar.

Etymology. The specific name, panara , is a patronym that honors the Panará Indians, also called Krenakore, Kreen-Akore or Krenhakore. They call themselves Panará, which means human being or “gente” or “seres humanos” in Portuguese. In the beginning of the 20th century, they were considered extinct. In 1950, however, during the Villas Boas Brothers expedition to the Serra do Cachimbo region, the Panarás were spotted again. Only in 1969 was a tentative contact of the Panarás initiated and, in 1972, Orlando and Claudio Villas Boas established the first contact with them in the region of Serra do Cachimbo. In 1973, when the Cuiabá-Santarém highway (BR- 163) began to be built, crossing through their territory, they were removed to the Parque Indígena do Xingu. Finally, in 1995 they recovered the right to live in part of their original territory in Southern Pará State. A noun in apposition.

Distribution: Harttia panara is, so far, only known from above the two great falls of Rio Curuá, a tributary of Rio Iriri, in the area of Serra do Cachimbo. Collections made bellow the two falls of Rio Curuá have failed in capture the species, suggesting that the new species mighty be restricted to the portion of the river above the two great falls ( Figs. 4 , 5 ).

Figures

FIGURE 2. Harttia panara, MZUSP 101392, 105.7 mm SL, holotype. Brazil, Pará State, Novo Progresso, Rio Curuá, tributary of Rio Iriri, on the bridge at highway Cuiabá-Santarém (BR-163), Rio Xingu basin. From top to bottom: lateral, dorsal and ventral views.

FIGURE 4. Map of Rio Xingu basin showing the distribution of Harttia rondoni n. sp. (black circle—holotype; white circleparatypes); Harttia panara n. sp. (black triangle—holotype, white triangles,—paratypes); Harttia villasboas n. sp. (black star represent the holotype and paratypes).

FIGURE 5. Sequence of waterfalls of Rio Curuá at Serra do Cachimbo, from lower to upper stream: a) 60 m fall, at 8˚43’49.7”S 54˚57’49.1”W; b) 40 m fall, at 8˚44’1.7”S 54˚57’43.1”W; c) three smaller falls of approximately 1 to 5 m, at 8˚44’9.5”S 54˚57’46.5”W. At right side PCH Salto do Curuá under construction.

FIGURE 6. Rio Curuá, type locality of Harttia panara and H. villasboas. Close view of waterfalls. a) 60m waterfalls; b) 40m waterfall; c) three smaller waterfalls of approximately 1 to 5m.