Harttia rondoni, Oyakawa & Fichberg & Py-Daniel, 2018

Oyakawa, Osvaldo T., Fichberg, Ilana & Py-Daniel, Lucia Rapp, 2018, Three new species of Harttia (Loricariidae: Loricariinae) from Serra do Cachimbo, Rio Xingu basin, Pará, Northern Brazil, Zootaxa 4387 (1), pp. 75-90 : 76-78

Harttia rondoni , new species

( Figs. 1 , 4 , 5 , 6 ; Tables 1, 2)

Harttia sp.— Buckup et al., 2011, in: Castilhos & Buckup, 2011 (reference, distribution).

Harttia uatumensis — Buckup et al., 2011, in: Castilhos & Buckup, 2011 (reference, distribution). Harttia sp. Xingu1— Covain et al., 2016 (reference, distribution, molecular phylogeny).

Holotype. MZUSP 97237 , 162.8 mm SL, male, Brazil, Pará State, Rio Xingu drainage, Rio Curuá, tributary of Rio Iriri , near Castelo dos Sonhos, mun. Novo Progresso ; 8°19'07"S 55°05'23"W, 22 October 2007, J.L. Birindelli, L.M. Sousa, A.L. Netto-Ferreira, M.H. Sabaj & N.K. Lujan.

Paratypes. Brazil, Pará State, Rio Xingu drainage: ANSP 200507, 5, 77.3–99.5 mm SL , INPA-ICT 0 53235, 10, 78.3–133.2 mm SL, MCP 50554, 5, 9.2–95.9 mm SL, MZUSP 115483, 22, 54.2–137.8 mm SL; MZUSP 97085, 9, 43.2–120.2 mm SL, collected with holotype . MZUSP 97081, 4, 57.6–92.5 mm SL, Rio 13 de Maio, tributary of Rio Curuá, itself tributary of Rio Iriri , bellow Cachoeira Grande , mun. Novo Progresso , 8°43'41"S 55°01'38"W, 22 October 2007, J.L. Birindelli, L.M. Sousa, A.L. Netto-Ferreira, M.H. Sabaj, N.K. Lujan . MZUSP 97082, 31, 40.2–113.2 mm SL, Rio Curuá, tributary of Rio Iriri, bellow two waterfalls, mun. Novo Progresso , 8°43'50"S 54°57'49"W, 20 October 2007, J.L. Birindelli, L.M. Sousa, A.L. Netto-Ferreira, M.H. Sabaj, N.K. Lujan . MZUSP 97083, 25 (9 c&s), 13.7–24.7 mm SL, INPA-ICT 0 53236, 10, 66.0–114.0 mm SL, Rio 13 de Maio, tributary of Rio Curuá, itself tributary of Rio Iriri , on the bridge at highway Cuiabá-Santarém (BR-163), near Cachoeira da Serra village , mun. Novo Progresso , 8°38'53"S 55°1'41"W, 20 October 2007, J.L. Birindelli, L.M. Sousa, A.L. Netto-Ferreira, M.H. Sabaj, N.K. Lujan . MZUSP 119673, 5, 126.9– 141.2 mm SL, Rio Curuá, in a beach at Castelo dos Sonhos , mun. Altamira , 8˚19’7.2”S 55˚05’21.6”W, 0 7 August 2015, O.T. Oyakawa, W.M. Ohara & M. Pastana . MZUSP 120013, 3, 54.7–69.7 mm SL, Rio Curuá, near the highway Cuiabá-Santarém (BR- 163), mun. Novo Progresso , 8°38'50.9"S 54°59'57.2"W, 0 8 August 2015; F. Dagosta, M. Marinho, P. Camelier & V. Giovanetti . MZUSP 120081 , 1 , 66.4 mm SL, Rio Curuá, unpaved road near the highway Cuiabá-Santarém (BR- 163), at Cachoeira da Serra village , mun. Novo Progresso ; 8°36'49.6"S 55°01'45.1"W, 0 8 August 2015, F. Dagosta, M. Marinho, P. Camelier & V. Giovanetti . MNRJ 35541, 12, 60.1–71.2 mm SL, stream tributary of Rio Jauri, itself tributary of Rio Fresco, mun. Ourilândia do Norte , 10 October 2008, P.A. Buckup, J.L. Birindelli, C.C. Chamon . MNRJ 35542 , 10 , 77.7 –107.0 mm SL, Rio Branco, tributary of Rio Fresco, on the road from mun. Bannack to mun. Ourilândia do Norte , 10 October 2008, M.R. Britto, L. Fries, J. Gomes, F.C. Jerep.

Diagnosis. Presence of minute irregular plates partially covering abdomen (between pectoral girdle to urogenital pore), usually concentrated close to preanal region, discriminates Harttia rondoni from members of the H. loricariformis group (abdomen completely naked), and members of the H. fowleri group (abdomen completely covered by plates). Harttia rondoni can be distinguished from H. tuna , H. punctata , H. longipinna and H. rhombocephala by having the canal plate exposed (i. e. not covered by skin) vs. canal plate covered by skin. It can be distinguished from H. trombetensis by a larger interorbital width 23.6–26.2 % [25.0%] vs. 21.1–23.2% [22.1%] of HL; and by having two broad transverse dark brown marks on the outer surface of upper lips, vs. absence of dark brown marks. Finally, H. rondoni can be distinguished from H. fluminensis by having the caudal peduncle slightly compressed laterally after confluence of lateral keels, vs. caudal peduncle strongly compressed laterally after confluence of lateral keels.

Description. Measurements and counts in Table 2. Member of H. rhombocephala group. Body dorsoventrally depressed and elongated, widest at cleithrum. Dorsal profile of body straight and gently ascending from tip of snout to anterior region of orbit, and horizontally straight from this point to dorsal-fin origin and gently descending to end of caudal peduncle. Ventral profile of body straight from tip of snout to origin of anal fin and gently ascending from this point to caudal peduncle.

Anterior profile of the head triangular in dorsal view. Eye roughly oval, inferior margin of orbit slightly straight. Dorsal flap of iris present. Interorbital and parieto-supraoccipital flat. Tip of snout with small, oval and naked area connected with upper lip. Upper lip slightly curved, margin without fringe papillae. Lower lip well developed and covered by numerous series of papillae. Posterior border of lower lip not reaching anterior margin of pectoral girdle. Premaxilla with 53–68 [53] and dentary with 53–59 [56] bicuspid teeth. Inner cusp of premaxillary and dentary teeth slightly longer than outer cusp. Maxillary barbel small, joined to lip by small flap of tissue. Presence of a conspicuous spherical papilla in the roof of mouth anterior to the oral valve. Infraorbital series with five plates; infraorbital 5 contacting inferior branch of sphenotic canal. Inferior region of orbit delimited by infraorbitals 3 to 5. Canal plate exposed, roughly triangular.

Abdominal region between pectoral girdle to urogenital pore partially covered by minute irregular plates usually concentrated on posterior portion of abdomen, close to preanal plates. Larger specimens with narrow, incomplete median longitudinal row of plates; smaller specimens with plates scattered on the abdomen. All plates of the abdominal region covered by minute odontodes. Region on the throat always naked. Seven to 10 [9] lateral abdominal plates (between pectoral and pelvic-fin base), rectangular and elongate. Preanal plates two to three [two], roughly rectangular and well developed, bordered anteriorly by a line of irregular plates. Five longitudinal series of plates on trunk. Median series with 29–31 [30] perforated plates. Two well-developed, parallel and longitudinal odontode keels coalesced at 20th– 21 st plates .

Dorsal fin II,7; its origin on vertical through pelvic-fin origin. Spinelet, or first spine, half-moon shaped and small, its width approximately half of width of base of second dorsal-fin spine. Dorsal-fin spine articulates with second dorsal-fin pterygiophore via specialized chain-link structure. Tip of last rays of dorsal fin, when adpressed, reaching the vertical of origin of last anal-fin ray. Pectoral fin I,6; tip of pectoral-fin spine and first two branched rays surpassing insertion of pelvic-fin spine. Mature males with dorsal region of pectoral-fin spine covered by welldeveloped odontodes strongly bent and turned anteriorly. Pelvic fin i,5; tip of pelvic-fin spine reaching the insertion of anal-fin spine. Anal fin i,5; proximal tips of first and last proximal radials lying below hemal spines of vertebrae 14 and 18, respectively. External portion of first anal-fin pterygiophore roughly rectangular and covered by skin. Caudal fin forked, i,12,i rays, with four to five supracaudal plates on its base, median supracaudal plate bearing lateral line canal. Two procurrent rays on base of upper and lower caudal-fin rays. Caudal peduncle slightly compressed laterally after confluence of lateral keels.

Color in alcohol. Dorsal region of body light brown, and covered with numerous small dark brown spots. Ventral region of body pale yellow. Outer surface of upper lips marked by two broad transversal dark brown marks, looking like a moustache. All fins with four to five transverse dark brown marks. Caudal fin with a conspicuous black spot at base.

Etymology. The specific name, rondoni , is a patronym that honors Cândido Mariano da Silva Rondon (Marechal Rondon), a military and frontiersmen who was responsible for the creation of Indian Protection Service (SPI), which was subsequently replaced by the National Indian Foundation (FUNAI). Rondon and Noel Nutels participated, together with the Villas Boas brothers, in the implementation of the Parque Indígena do Xingu. A noun in appostition.

Distribution. Harttia rondoni is only known from bellow the two great falls of Rio Curuá, a tributary of Rio Iriri, in the region of Serra do Cachimbo and in Rio Fresco, a tributary of the middle portion of Rio Xingu ( Fig. 4 ).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Harttia rondoni, MZUSP 97237, 162.8 mm SL, holotype. Brazil, Pará State, Novo Progresso, Rio Curuá, tributary of Rio Iriri, near Castelo dos Sonhos, Rio Xingu basin. From top to bottom: lateral, dorsal and ventral views.

FIGURE 4. Map of Rio Xingu basin showing the distribution of Harttia rondoni n. sp. (black circle—holotype; white circleparatypes); Harttia panara n. sp. (black triangle—holotype, white triangles,—paratypes); Harttia villasboas n. sp. (black star represent the holotype and paratypes).

FIGURE 5. Sequence of waterfalls of Rio Curuá at Serra do Cachimbo, from lower to upper stream: a) 60 m fall, at 8˚43’49.7”S 54˚57’49.1”W; b) 40 m fall, at 8˚44’1.7”S 54˚57’43.1”W; c) three smaller falls of approximately 1 to 5 m, at 8˚44’9.5”S 54˚57’46.5”W. At right side PCH Salto do Curuá under construction.

FIGURE 6. Rio Curuá, type locality of Harttia panara and H. villasboas. Close view of waterfalls. a) 60m waterfalls; b) 40m waterfall; c) three smaller waterfalls of approximately 1 to 5m.