Montabunus, GOODNIGHT & GOODNIGHT, 1945

Cruz-López, Jesús A. & Francke, Oscar F., 2015, Cladistic analysis and taxonomic revision of the genus Karos Goodnight & Goodnight, 1944 (Opiliones, Laniatores, Stygnopsidae), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 175 (4), pp. 827-891 : 856-858

MONTABUNUS GOODNIGHT & GOODNIGHT, 1945

STAT. REV.

Montabunus Goodnight & Goodnight, 1945: 2 .

Karos: Goodnight & Goodnight, 1953: 20 (in part. generic synonymy transfer by implication).

Distribution: Central part of the state of Nuevo León, Mexico.

Type species: Montabunus foliorum Goodnight & Goodnight, 1945 , by original designation.

Included species: Monotypic.

Diagnosis: Scutum quadrangular, with posterior margin rounded and wider than mid-bulge area ( Fig. 27B ). Ocularium slightly displaced towards anterior margin of prosoma, low, blunt, slightly elevated above the eyes, and unarmed ( Fig. 27D, E ). Opisthosoma noticeably convex in lateral view ( Fig. 27D ). Posterior margin of mesotergal area III invading and dividing area IV into two parts ( Figs 27B , 61I ). Stigmatic area longer in males than females ( Fig. 27C ). Male genitalia: pars distalis swollen in the middle in dorsal/ventral view. Apical margin reduced, slightly convex. Ten or more pairs of lateral setae in a discontinuous row, small. Six to eight ventral microsetae along lateral margins of pars distalis, basal pairs slightly longer. Three pairs of laterobasal parastylar setae. Follis slightly longer than wide. Spiniform projections visible, small. Lateral projections of follis spiniform, very long, almost as long as follis ( Fig. 28 ).

Comparisons: The male genitalia in this genus are similar to those in Chapulobunus , but with the lateral projections of the follis noticeably longer in Montabunus ( Fig. 60G ). In addition, the basal-most ventral microsetae are longer than the rest, unlike in Chapulobunus where they are the same size. These two genera are easily recognizable externally: Chapulobunus are robust stygnopsids, with the scutum wider, almost rounded, and have remarkable armature on mesotergal areas II and III, instead of unarmed dorsum in Montabunus .

MONTABUNUS FOLIORUM GOODNIGHT & GOODNIGHT, 1945 COMB. REST.

( FIGS 27 , 28 , 58 , 60G , 61E, I , 62D )

Montabunus foliorum Goodnight & Goodnight, 1945: 2 , figs 4–6 (description of male and female).

Karos foliorum: Goodnight & Goodnight, 1953: 20 (by implication); Kury & Cokendolpher, 2000: 155; Kury, 2003: 238.

Type locality: MEXICO: Nuevo León: Municipio Garza García, Chipinque (25°33′N, 100°18′W) .

Material examined: MEXICO: Nuevo León: 1 ♂ and 1 ♀ [paratypes CNAN (25.ix.1943; F. Bonet)] (25°33′N, 100°18′W). Municipio Garza García, Chipinque . 1 ♂ and 1 ♀ [paratypes AMNH (25.ix.1943; F. Bonet)]. Same locality . 1 ♀ [ AMNH (5.vi.1969; without col.)]. Same locality . 1 ♂ and 2 ♀ [ AMNH (24.vi.1969; S. Peck and J. Peck)]. Same locality .

Other material: MEXICO: Nuevo León: ♂ holotype [ AMNH (15.vii.1942; C. Bolívar, F. Bonet, D. Peláez and B. Osorio)], pine and oak woods, Chipinque, Monterrey, not examined .

Diagnosis: See generic diagnosis. Redescription: Male: Measurements: scutum length 2.3, maximum scutum width 1.8. Legs. I 1.10/0.50/0.80/ 0.90, II 1.60/0.60/1.45/1.17, III 1.30/0.47/1.15/1.22, IV 1.65/0.65/1.05/1.65. Dorsum. Scutum quadrangular, width of the prosoma similar to width of mid-bulge in scutum. Opisthosoma noticeably convex in lateral view. Dorsum uniformly and densely covered by small rounded tubercles, without armature. Mesotergal area III with posterior margin invading and dividing area IV into two parts; areas III and IV slightly fused. Ocularium a little displaced from frontal margin of prosoma, small, slightly elevated above the eyes ( Fig. 27 ). Lateral clear areas projected as teardrop shapes, lateral clear areas on apices of area V displaced from the vertices, in free tergites lacking lateral projections. Venter. Densely covered by rounded tubercles, similar to the dorsum. Stigmatic area shaped like an inverted ‘T’, elongated ( Fig. 27C ). Coxa IV with one small dorsomesal tooth. Pedipalps. Patella with two mesal spiniform tubercles. Legs. Similar in size and ornamentation, covered by numerous rounded tubercles, femur IV slightly curved. Tarsal count 4(2):4(2):6:6. Male genitalia. Pars distalis swollen in the middle, apical margin slightly convex in the middle, short. Twelve to 13 pairs of cylindrical lateral setae, short, forming an irregular row. Three pairs of parastylar setae on the laterobasal sides of follis. Spiniform projections visible, but hidden in the follis. Six to eight pairs of ventral microsetae along lateral margins of pars distalis, basal three to four pairs longer than the rest. Lateral projections of follis spiniform, very long ( Fig. 28 ). Female: Measurements: scutum length 2.3, maximum scutum width 1.8. Very similar to male, with the following differences: stigmatic area shorter in females ( Fig. 27C ). Tarsal count 4(2):4(2):6:6.

Taxonomic accounts: Goodnight & Goodnight deposit- ed some paratypes of Mexican harvestmen in the Universidad Autónoma de México ( UNAM), under the care of Dr A. Hoffmann, a notable acarologist. These paratypes were originally housed in the Acarology Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM. Subsequently, the Instituto de Biología, UNAM ( IBUNAM) was created, and one of its main objectives is to safeguard different biological collections. Therefore, Dr Hoffmann donated all arachnid types to the Colección Nacional de Ácaros ( CNAN) ( Hoffmann, 1993). For that reason, the original repository was considered only as UNAM ( Kury, 2003). However, the CNAN now safeguards the types donated originally by Goodnight & Goodnight and has a new database of type material codes, which are different to those cited in Kury (2003).

Figures

Figure 27. Montabunus foliorum. A, habitus, dorsal view. B, scutum, dorsal view. C, habitus, ventral view. D, habitus, lateral view. E, ocularium, frontal view. Scale bars: A = 3 mm, B = 2 mm, C and D = 1.5 mm, E = 0.5 mm. The dark lines on (C) indicate the stigmatic area.

Figure 28. Montabunus foliorum, male genitalia. A, dorsal view. B, ventral view. C, lateral view. White arrows indicate ventral microsetae in (B) and parastylar setae in (C).

Figure 58. Distribution map of the species of the Karos genus-group, continued. Black circle, Montabunus foliorum; black square, Karos hexasetosus sp. nov.; white square with black outline, Karos monjarazi sp. nov.; black triangles, Potosa dybasi; white triangle with black outline, Potosa reddelli sp. nov.; black crosses, Chapulobunus poblano sp. nov.

Figure 60. A, ventral view of metatarsus I in male of Potosa dybasi; arrow indicates glandular opening. B, ventral view of metatarsus I in male of Potosa reddelli sp. nov.; arrow indicates glandular opening. C, swollen apical portion on femur II in male of Huasteca gratiosa. D, ventral view of pars distalis of Karos barbarikos; arrows indicate ventral microsetae. E, detail of ventral microsetae of pars distalis of Karos projectus. F, ventral view of pars distalis of Karos singularis sp. nov.; arrows indicate ventral microsetae. G, detail of apical portion of follis of Montabunus foliorum; arrow indicates the lateral projection of follis. H, detail of apical portion of follis of Chapulobunus poblano sp. nov.; arrow indicates the lateral projection of follis. I, apical portion of follis of Chapulobunus unispinosus; arrow indicates the lateral projection of follis.

Figure 61. A, detail of one of the lateral clear areas forming tubercles on scutum of Crettaros santibanezi sp. nov. B, detail of one of the lateral clear areas projected in tubercles on scutum of Karos singularis sp. nov. C, detail of one of the lateral clear areas projected in tubercles on scutum of Karos tersum sp. nov. D, detail of one of the lateral clear areas projected in tubercles on scutum of Huasteca silhavyi sp. nov. E, detail of one of the lateral clear areas projected in tubercles on scutum of Montabunus foliorum. F, detail of one of the lateral clear areas projected in tubercles on scutum of Monterella tuberculata. G, extra row of pegs in Chapulobunus poblano sp. nov., indicated by arrows. H, dorsal apophyses on trochanter II in male of Karos singularis sp. nov. I, detail of mesotergal areas III and IV in Montabunus foliorum; dotted lines indicate the sulcus between these areas. J, detail of mesotergal areas III and IV on Chapulobunus unispinosus; dotted lines indicate the sulcus between these areas. These images are not at the same scale.

Figure 62. A, dorsal view of lateral clear areas forming tubercles of Karos tersum sp. nov.; arrows indicate the clear areas. B, dorsal view of lateral clear areas projected in tubercles of Huasteca silhavyi sp. nov.; arrows indicate the clear areas. C, lateral view of posterior scutum of Karos singularis sp. nov., showing the spiniform tubercles. D, lateral view of posterior scutum of Montabunus foliorum, showing the rounded tubercles. E, dorsal view of row of pegs in Karos barbarikos; some pegs are indicated by black dots. F, dorsal view of row of pegs in Hoplobunus boneti; some pegs are indicated by black dots. These images are not at the same scale.