Oxythyrea, Mulsant, 1842

Vondráček, Dominik, Hadjiconstantis, Michael & Šípek, Petr, 2018, Immature stages of the genus Oxythyrea (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) with a key to third instar larvae, and notes on the biology of the genus, Zootaxa 4486 (4), pp. 401-434 : 423-424

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4486.4.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:7652EE8A-437B-4A61-ACF6-4A3BF6553808
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5970932
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA879D-6226-6618-43A7-FA2EFD4DFC19
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Oxythyrea
status

Treatment

Key to third instar larvae of Palaearctic Oxythyrea View in CoL species

1 Raster more or less horseshoe-shaped, various habitats ( Fig. 10B–C, E–H, K–L, N–Q View FIGURE 10 ).............................. 4

- Raster composed of two or more parallel rows of pali. Habitat in sand dunes, usually near shoreline of the Mediterranean Sea ( Fig. 10 A, D, I, J, M, R View FIGURE 10 )................................................................................ 2

2 Raster ( Fig. 10I, R View FIGURE 10 ) monostichous (sometimes few pali scattered around main row), each row of pali with approximately 18–23 pali on each side, tegilla and dorsal parts of last abdominal segment covered with more or less sparse setae, medium and long setae sparse, almost absent. Zygum ( Fig. 5I View FIGURE 5 ) with transverse, arcuate or angulate row of 12–15 stout setae and posterior group of another 4–7 stout setae. Habitat in shoreline sand dunes ( Tunisia, Libya)............................. O. tripolitana View in CoL

- Raster monostichous or polystichous with more than 24 pali on each side, tegilla and dorsal parts of last abdominal segment densely setose with numerous medium and long setae ( Fig. 10 A, D, J, M View FIGURE 10 ). Zygum with transverse, arcuate or angulate row of 11–15 stout setae and posterior group of another 10–14 stout setae ( Fig. 5 A, D View FIGURE 5 )................................... 3

3 Cranium width 2.55–2.7 mm; cranium pale brown, sclerotised parts of antennomeres uniformly pale brown ( Fig. 4 A View FIGURE 4 ). Habitat in shoreline sand dunes ( Cyprus, Israel, Lebanon, Syria, Egypt).......................................... O. abigail View in CoL

- Cranium width 2.89–3.04 mm; cranium chestnut brown, sclerotised parts of antennomeres brown to dark brown, often with ultimate and penultimate antennomera darker than the preceding antennomers ( Fig. 4D View FIGURE 4 ). Note: the discrimination between O. abigail View in CoL and O. dulcis View in CoL based purely on larval characters is merely impossible and the characters given here might be an artefact of the breeding conditions or of the storing of the larval samples. Habitat in shoreline sand dunes ( Montenegro, Greece, western and southern coast of Turkey)................................................................... O. dulcis View in CoL

4 Dorsum of last abdominal segment more or less truncate, with distinct round field of short ovate or scale-like setae (exception- ally also hammate setae) bordered by more or less distinct ring of long erect setae ( Fig. 11B, C, F View FIGURE 11 ). Distance between ridges of mandibular stridulatory field more or less equal, or only slightly dwindling towards both ends ( Fig. 7B, C, F View FIGURE 7 )............ 5 - Dorsum of last abdominal segment not truncate, lacking distinct round field and the circular row of long setae, setae on dorsum of last abdominal segment hammate. Distance between ridges of mandibular stridulatory area distinctly uneven: ridges very fine in proximal third, while very distant in remaining area (distance between two ridges about 4 times larger than in proximal area). Note: rarely sparse circular row of long setae is present on dorsum of last abdominal segment also in O. funesta View in CoL ( Fig. 11E, M View FIGURE 11 ), thus it is important to examine carefully mandibular stridulatory area ( Figs. 7E View FIGURE 7 ; 8 A, B View FIGURE 8 )!..................... 7

5 Dorsum of last abdominal segment with circular row of long setae composed of only single row of setae, circular field with short ovate setae ( Fig. 11B View FIGURE 11 ). Chaetopariae of epipharynx with 45–52 and 30–36 setae on right and left side respectively, cranial width between 2.01 and 2.21 mm, mandibular stridulatory area with 9–11 ridges ( Figs. 7B View FIGURE 7 , 8E View FIGURE 8 ). Wide range of habitats, usually open grasslands and shrubs, steppe, with more continental climatic conditions (Eastern Mediterranean to Central Asia)................................................................................................ O. albopicta View in CoL

- Dorsum of last abdominal segment: circular row of long setae composed usually of more than one row of setae, inner circular field with short ovate or scale-like setae ( Fig. 11C, F View FIGURE 11 ). Chaetopariae of epipharynx with more than 54 and 36 setae on right and left side, respectively; stridulatory area of mandibles with 13–25 ridges ( Figs. 7C, F View FIGURE 7 , 8F View FIGURE 8 , 9C View FIGURE 9 )......................... 6

6 Body whitish, setose fields of each (sub)lobe yellowish-brown. Oval field on dorsum of last abdominal segment with short ovate setae. Chaetopariae of epipharynx with 63–77 and 36–53 setae on right and left side, respectively; stridulatory area of mandibles with 13–20 ridges ( Figs. 7C View FIGURE 7 , 8F View FIGURE 8 ). Wide spectrum of habitats in different altitudes (Eastern Mediterranean to Central Asia)...................................................................................... O. cinctella View in CoL

- Body more or less uniformly whitish. Oval field on dorsum of last abdominal segment with short scale-like setae. Chaetopariae of epipharynx with 54–70 and 43–53 setae on right and left side, respectively; stridulatory area of mandibles with 20–25 ridges ( Figs. 7F View FIGURE 7 , 9C View FIGURE 9 ). Wide spectrum of habitats in different altitudes ( Cyprus, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Egypt, Turkey)................................................................................................... O. noemi View in CoL

7 O. funesta View in CoL complex ( O. funesta View in CoL , O. pantherina View in CoL , O. subcalva View in CoL ). Note: The discrimination of larval forms of these three species remains merely impossible without knowledge of the origin of the material. Larvae from Europe and Asia belong to O. funesta View in CoL . However, specimens from Northern Africa remain impossible to determine according to their morphological characters. The only clue might be the size ( O. pantherina View in CoL tends to be slightly larger with cranial width above 2.55 mm), and the ecological characteristics of the locality ( O. funesta View in CoL is usually found in wetter coastal areas and mountain ranges, while O. subcalva View in CoL lives in more dry conditions on the edge of sandy deserts).