Gryne orensis, (SORENSEN, 1879)

Medrano, Miguel, Kury, Adriano Brilhante & Mendes, Amanda Cruz, 2022, Morphology-based cladistics splinters the century-old dichotomy of the pied harvestmen (Arachnida: Gonyleptoidea: Cosmetidae), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 195, pp. 585-672 : 660-663

GRYNE ORENSIS ( SØRENSEN, 1879)

( FIGS 2E–G , 48 , 57 , 58 )

Cosmetus Orensis Sørensen, 1879: 217 , figs 6, 8, 11–13, 15–17, 19, 21, 24f, 27.

Gryne orensis: Roewer, 1912: 122 .

Gryne angustipes Mello-Leitão, 1931: 85 [junior subjective synonym of Cosmetus orensis Sørensen, 1879 by Ringuelet (1959)].

Paecilaema neglectum Ringuelet, 1957: 30 fig. 1, syn. nov.

Type data: Syntypes: Argentina. Formosa: Riacho del Oro , [–25.21667°, –57.75°], 1 ♂ 1 ♀ ( ZMUC, examined by photograph) . Holotypes: Argentina: Chaco, Colonia Benítez [–27.33756°, W58.95706°] , A Frers leg., 6.viii.1915, 1 ♂ ( MACN 4520 , holotype of G. angustipes , not examined) ; Santa Fé, Zotta & Carcelles leg., 18.viii.1930, 1 ♂ ( MACN 4521 , holotype of P. neglectum , not examined) , Paratypes: Argentina: Chaco, Colonia Benítez [–27.33756°, –58.95706°] , A Frers leg., 6.viii.1915, 1 ♀ ( MACN 4520 , paratypes of G. angustipes , not examined) ; Santa Fe, Zotta & Carcelles leg., 18.viii.1930, 1 ♀ ( MACN 4521 , paratype of P. neglectum , not examined) .

Non-type material examined: Argentina. Santa Fé: [–31.610051°, –60.696051°], Mello-Leitão leg., 1 ♂ ( MNRJ 1380 ); 2 ♂ 3 ♀ ( MNRJ 1381 ) . Brazil. São Paulo: Pirassununga, Campus da USP, [–21.958615°, –47.466641°], S. García leg., x/2016, 2 ♀ ( MNRJ 9330 ); Águas de Santa Bárbara, Estação ecológica Santa Bárbara, [–22.8958°, –49.234883°, 639 m], xi/2016, 2 ♀ ( MNRJ 9331 ); Castilho, No Rio Paraná, [–20.847066°, –51.615127°, 269 m), 30.xi.1964, 1 ♂ 2 ♀ ( MZUSP 16780 ). Mato Grosso do Sul: Brasilandia, Fazenda Barino, [–21.232037°, –51.919651°, 267 m), AF Bedá & JO Silva leg., 20.ii.1993, 2 ♂ 1 ♀ ( MZUSP 17456 ). Paraguay. Central: Colônia Thompson, 20 km ao sul de Asunción, [–25.459801°, –57.511398°), 10.xii.1979, dead leaves and rotten wood, 3 ♀ ( MNRJ-HS 818 ); Corumbá: Rio Paraguai, sede do Inst Amolar, [–18.16272°, –57.37408°, 90 m), AB Kury leg., 10.ii.2019, (post-fire material) 3 ♂ ( MNRJ 60503 ); [–18.78745°, –55.92538°, 93 m), 9.ii.2019, (post-fire material) 5 ♂ 5 ♀ ( MNRJ 60505 ). Paraguarí: Sapucai [–25.65767°, –56.93975°, 260 m], (post-fire material) 3 ♂ 5 ♀ (USNMENT 1538076), (post-fire material) 1 ♂ 3 ♀ (USNMENT 1538077), (post-fire material) 2 ♂ (USNMENT 1538078).

Records: Argentina, Buenos Aires, Bahía Blanca. Chaco, Colonia Benítez; Picada Guaycurú; Resistencia; Riacho del Oro. Corrientes, Mburucuyá. Formosa, Formosa; Pirané. Santa Fe, Reconquista; Santa Fe. Brazil, Amazonas, Cavalo Cocho. Bahia, Mato Grosso [do Sul], Corumbá: Carandazinho. Pará, Cametá at Tocantins River. Paraguay, Assunción; Central: Colonia Thompson, 20 km S Asunción; Concepción: Colonia Sergente José E. López; Estancia Postillon, near Puerto Max; Colonia Risso, Apa River; San Joaquin; San Pedro; Villa Rica ( Roewer, 1912; 1923; 1925; 1928; Mello-Leitão, 1931; Sørensen in Henriksen, 1932; Ringuelet, 1959; Valentinis de Martínez, 1974; Soares & Soares, 1985).

Diagnosis: Differs from its congeners by having the reticular pattern of spots in DS more marked in ears of chevron, omega stripe and backbone [see Kury & Medrano (2018) for spots terminology]. Spots proximal to the sulcus of mesotergum, not occupying the central region of each area ( Fig. 57A ).

Distribution: (1) Dry Chaco, Parana flooded savanna and Southern Cone Mesopotamian savanna in Argentina; (2) Humid chaco in Argentina and Paraguay; (3) Alto Paraná Atlantic forest in Paraguay and Brazil; and (4) Cerrado in Paraguay. Records of G. orensis available from Acosta & Vergara (2013) were also included in the map ( Fig. 48 ). Description of male USNMENT 01538077 (with extra figures from other specimens): Measurements: CL: 1.79, CW: 2.68, AL: 3.28, AW: 4.43, IOD: 0.67, FeIV: 17.26.

Dorsum ( Fig. 57 ). DS beta-type with attenuate constrictions. Area I with low tubercles and area III with long spines. Dorsal scutum in lateral view rising steadily from posterior and anterior borders to area III where it reaches the highest height. Scutal grooves perceptibles by coloration pattern more marked on them. Anterior edge of dorsal scutum with protoglyphs slightly concave with lateral triangular borders. Ocularium low; with a few granules near the eyes. Posterior border and free tergites each containing a transverse row of minute granules, anal operculum with scattered granules. Coda reduced.

Venter. Coxae I– III triangular, transverse to main body axis. Coxae II – IV connected by tubercular bridges. Coxae I– II with a longitudinal row of granules. Coxa IV pentagonal, greatly developed, oriented obliquely, but almost parallel to the body axis. Stigmatic area T-shaped with stigmata large, unconcealed. Free sternites each with a row of granules.

Chelicerae ( Fig. 58D, E ). Hand not swollen. Basichelicerite short, with well-marked bulla and uniformly tuberculated dorsally. Meso-distal corner of bulla with one setiferous tubercle larger than dorsal ones. Posterior and ectal margins of bulla fringed with several tubercles. Movable finger of cheliceral hand with ten rounded tubercles. Fixed finger with seven triangular tubercles.

Pedipalps ( Fig. 58H, I ). Elongate trochanter, foliaceus femur; convex dorsally, with a dorsal row of four fused setiferous tubercles and a ventral row of 14 setiferous tubercles. Tibia only slightly convex in ectal border, with one lateral row of setae in each side, distalmost setae of each side larger than others. Tarsus conical, with scattered dorsal setae and three well-marked ventral rows of subequal setae, prolateroventral row with two larger setae, one apical and one one median region.

Legs ( Fig. 57 ). Long and unarmed legs, femora straight. Coxa IV convex in dorsal view with few apical granules, no clavi inguines. Pectinate claws in legs II and IV in two rows. Tarsal counts: 7, 13, 9, 9 ( Sørensen, 1879).

Colour (in alcohol, Fig. 57 ). Dorsal scutum, coxae, pedipalpi and chelicerae deep orange-brown (69). DS with reticulate pattern pale greenish-yellow (104) more marked as omega stripe, backbone and chevron. Appendages podomeres (except coxae) strong yellow (84).

Penis ( Fig. 58A–C ). Ventral plate short trapezoidal, wider at the base, with straight distal margin. Subdistal lateral margin of VP with three pairs of MS-C, large, curve and flattened. Two pairs of MS-D located in apical half of VP, MS-D1 twice longer than MS-D2 and closer to MS-C2, both MS-D straight and conical. Two pairs of MS-A in the median region in VP, straight, conical and as long as MS-D1 . Two pairs of MS-E in apical portion of latero-ventral surface and one pair of MS-B in the basal portion of ventral surface of VP. Ventral surface with two lateral thick stripes composed with microsetae type 4 ( T4 ) surrounding MS-B and MS-E, not occupying truncus. Glans with rounded dorsal process, stylus with a large wattle with an extended serrate part and without stylar barbs .

Variation. Males with enlarged BaTa in leg I. It is possible to differentiate two types of males: (1) major forms, with long tibiae and short metatarsi and (2) minor forms, with shorter tibiae and longer metatarsi, more similar to females. This can be seen in Figs 50D–H for G. dimorpha .

Figures

Figure 2. Habitus in vivo of some Discosomaticinae from Brazil. A, Roquettea singularis from Pará. B, Gryne leprosa from Pará. C, Gryne marginalis from Pará. D, Gryne dimorpha from Goiás. E–G, Gryne orensis from Mato Grosso do Sul. Photographs of Arthur Anker & Pedro H. Martins (A, C–D), Bruno Garcia (B) and Adriano Kury (E–G).

Figure 48. Map of known distribution of Gryne. Numbers correspond to the following WWF ecoregions: 1 = Uatumã- Trombetas moist forest, 2 = Madeira-Tapajós moist forest, 3 = Xingú-Tocantins-Araguaia moist forest, 4 = Marajó várzea, 5 = Tocantins/Pindaré moist forest, 6 = Mato grosso seasonal forest, 7 = Caatinga, 8 = Pernambuco Coastal forest, 9 = Cerrado, 10 = Bahia interior forest, 11 = Bahia coastal forest, 12 = Alto Paraná Atlantic forest, 13 = Pantanal, 14 = Dry Chaco, 15 = Humid chaco, 16 = Parana flooded savanna, 17 = Humid pampas.

Figure 50. Gryne dimorpha. A–C, male (MNRJ 2144): A, dorsal view; B, lateral view; C, panoramic dorsal view. D, two adult males of different sizes and colours; from left to right: minor form (MNRJ 17591) and major form (MNRJ 2144). E, male, major form (MNRJ 2144), leg IV, tibia, metatarsus and tarsomeres. F, same, detail of tibia, triquetrous metatarsus and tarsomeres. G, male, minor form (MNRJ 17591), leg IV, tibia and tarsomeres. H, same, detail of tibia and tarsomeres. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 57. Gryne orensis (Sørensen, 1879), male (USNMENT 01538077). A, dorsal view. B, dorsal panoramic view. C, lateral view. D, left metatarsus IV and tarsomeres. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, C, D), 2 mm (B).

Figure 58. SEM images of some structures of Gryne orensis, male (MNRJ 1381). A, penis, dorsal view. B, same, lateral view. C, same, ventral view. D, left basichelicerite, dorsal view. E, left cheliceral hand, dorsal view. F, left pedipalpus, femur, mesal view. G, same, tibia and tarsus, ventral view. H, same, detail of tarsus, ventral view. Scale bars: 50 μm (A–C), 100 μm (D, H), 200 μm (E–G).