Foenatopus

Aguiar, Alexandre P., Jennings, John T. & Turrisi, Giuseppe F., 2010, Three new Middle-Eastern species of Foenatopus Smith (Hymenoptera: Stephanidae) with a new host record and key to species with two spots on the metasoma, Zootaxa 2714, pp. 40-58 : 41-42

Key to Foenatopus species with double spots on metasomal tergites

The major objective of the key provided below is to facilitate the identification of the three new taxa, and to compare them with the most similar described species, F. turcomanorum (Semenov) and F. bisignatus Aguiar et Jennings. Marginally similar species have been included only for the sake of reference and completeness.

1 T4 with a pair of whitish spots ( Fig. 54 ), only rarely also on T5, reduced [observed on a single male of F. prousti , Fig. 45 ].......................................................................................................................................................................... 2

- T4 with a single transverse spot or band, or with paired double spots on all tergites from T4 to T7 ......................... 9

2(1) Females. Hind tarsus with three tarsomeres; petiole around 1.50 times the combined length of alinotum + propodeum............................................................................................................................................................................. 3

- Males. Hind tarsus with five tarsomeres; petiole sometimes [40% of the observed specimens] long and slender, more than 1.60 (up to 2.20) times the combined length of alinotum + propodeum ( Fig. 1 , Ptl/Alinotum) .......................... 7

3(2) Head globular ( Figs 2–3 ); colo (neck) of pronotum with transverse rugulosity ( Figs 5–6 , 23, 25 , 47–50 ); fore wing vein 1Cu nearly as long as crossvein 1cu-a ( Fig. 53 ); narrow basal half of hind tibia of same color as dilated part (as

in Figs 26–27 ); propodeum unicolorous ( Figs 28–29 , 52 ), at most weakly and diffusely yellowish near petiole ( Fig. 7 ); interfoveolar area smooth ( Figs 28 , 52 ) or crenulated ( Fig. 8 ) .............................................................................. 4 - Head antero-posteriorly compressed ( Figs 35–37 ), even if sometimes only slightly so ( Figs 10–11, 13 ); colo of pronotum microreticulate only ( Figs 14, 18 , 39–40 ); fore wing vein 1Cu distinctly shorter than crossvein cu-a; narrow basal half of hind tibia yellow or mostly yellowish, contrasting with darker color of dilated part ( Figs 16–17 , 41, 43 ); propodeum with distinct yellowish spot or whitish stripe apically ( Figs 15 , 44 ); interfoveolar area smooth, polished ( Figs 19 , 42 ) ................................................................................................................................................................. 6

4(3) Pronotum entirely transversely strigate ( Figs 47–50 ), microreticulate between; interfoveolar area smooth and polished ( Fig. 52 ), surface slightly irregular; pair of yellowish spots on T4 small and widely spaced ( Figs 53–54 ); fore wing vein 1-1A apically straight, or with short stub (as an inverted T), vein 2-1A spectral ( Fig. 53 ) .......................... .......................................................................................................................................... F. turcomanorum (Semenov)

- Pronotum centrally and posteriorly microreticulate only ( Figs 5–6 , 23, 25 ); interfoveolar area distinctly crenulate ( Figs 8 , 28 ); yellowish spots on T4 large and very close to each other; fore wing vein 1-1A apically bent upwards, vein 2-1A absent ( Fig. 30 ) ............................................................................................................................................ 5

5(4) Propodeum mostly uniformly areolate rugose, weakly stronger posteriorly than anteriorly ( Fig. 29 ); vertex centrolongitudinal impression distinct under tangent illumination; scutellum entirely distinctly alutaceous, matt ( Fig. 29 ); hind femur slightly shorter and wider (FmSI 2.30); petiole only moderately long (Ptl/T3l 1.97) ................................. ................................................................................................................................. F. hesperophagus Aguiar, sp. nov.

- Propodeum from basally finely microareolate to apically strongly areolate rugose ( Fig. 7 ); vertex without centrolongitudinal impression; scutellum centrally weakly alutaceous, shining ( Fig. 7 ); hind femur more elongate (FmSI 2.63); petiole quite long (Ptl/T3l 2.38) ........................................................................ F. bisignatus Aguiar et Jennings

6(3) Mesosoma subcylindrical, slightly wider than its height at level of tegula ( Figs 15, 19 ); propodeum apically with a diffuse yellowish spot ( Fig. 15 ); petiole basal half diffusely reddish brown, apically brown, the apex diffusely yellowish; body mostly light brown, mesothorax and propodeum dark brown ( Figs 10–19 ) .. F. crispus Aguiar, sp. nov.

- Mesosoma strongly depressed, nearly 1.5 times wider than its height at level of tegula ( Figs 42, 44 ); propodeum apically with a well delimited, large, whitish stripe or spot ( Fig. 44 ); petiole with two well defined yellowish marks, one subbasally, one apically; body dark brown, mesothorax and propodeum black ( Figs 35–44 ) ...................................... .............................................................................................................................. F. prousti Aguiar et Turrisi, sp. nov.

7(2) Head and eyes conspicuously compressed antero-posteriorly (as in Fig. 35 ), Pnl/Ew 2.32–2.74; petiole dorsally, centrally or sub-basally, with a small to large cream whitish spot, as well as an apical spot ( Fig. 46 ); petiole short, Ptl/ T3l 1.96–2.19 (n = 5) ............................................................................................ F. prousti Aguiar et Turrisi, sp. nov.

- Head globose, eyes oval (as in Figs 2 , 20 ), Pnl/Ew 1.93–2.23; petiole without dorso-central whitish spot, sometimes pale yellow on basal half; petiole long and narrow, Ptl/T3l 2.24–3.18 (n = 7) ........................................................... 8

8(7) Preannular in dorsal view laterally swollen ( Fig. 32 ); mesothorax and propodeum black, in sharp contrast with light tonality of other areas ( Fig. 32 ); occipital carina apically weak but distinct, reaching beyond level of hypostomal carina ( Fig. 33 ); base of crossvein 2r with vein 4Rs showing vestiges of bifurcation ( Fig. 34 ); hind femur short (FmSI 2.16–2.22, n = 2); petiole long (Ptl/T3l 3.18) .............................................. F. hesperophagus Aguiar , sp. nov.

- Preannular in dorsal view not swollen, regularly conical; mesothorax and propodeum brown to reddish brown, with tonality similar to other areas; occipital carina apically absent; base of crossvein 2r with vein 4Rs without vestiges of bifurcation; hind femur somewhat elongate (FmSI 2.50–3.38, n = 6); petiole not so long (Ptl/T3l 2.24–2.92, n = 6) ( Fig. 9 ) .......................................................................................................................... F. bisignatus Aguiar et Jennings

9(1) T4–7 with double whitish spots (see Mateu 1972: 602); gena protruded behind eye ( Figs 5 B–C in Hedqvist 1967: 188) ............................................................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................... F. buprestivorus Benoit (= F. hoggarensis Hedqvist ; probably also same species as F. curletti Pagliano , as stated by Aguiar & Jennings, 2010)

- T4 with a single, transverse, white or yellowish spot or band, but never with paired spots; T5–7 without spots; head normal or weakly protruding ......... Several species ( F. albomaculatus , F. fragilis , F. lueboensis , and probably more)

Figures

FIGURE 1. Values of all morphometric ratios for all examined specimens of all species. The slightly higher triangle in each species’ series indicates the female holotype specimen; all other triangles correspond to males. See Table 1 for ranges. Ratios as in Aguiar (2001).

FIGURES 47 – 54. Foenatopus turcomanorum, Ψ, holotype: 47. Head and apex of pronotum, right side, flipped image; 48. Head dorso-anteriorly; 49. Pronotum, dorsal; 50. Pronotum, right side, flipped image; 51. Femur, right side, flipped image; 52. Mesosoma, right side, flipped image; 53. Fore wing, petiole, T 4 and T 5, dorso-lateral view; 54. Metasoma, dorsal. Images not to scale. All images by John T. Jennings.

FIGURES 45, 46. Foenatopus prousti sp. nov. ♂, paratypes: 45. Metasoma, dorsal; 46. Largest specimen, dorsal. Not to scale. All images by Berthil B. Longo.

FIGURES 2 – 9. Foenatopus bisignatus, Ψ, holotype. 2. Head, left side; 3. Head, dorsal; 4. Head, ventral, showing hypostomal bridge; 5. Pronotum and mesoscutum, dorsal; 6. Pronotum and prosternum, left side; 7. Alinotum and propodeum, dorsal; 8. Mesothorax, metathorax, and propodeum, left side; 9. ♂, paratype, petiole, dorsal. All images by Berthil B. Longo, from Aguiar & Jennings (2010) [used with permission].

FIGURES 20 – 31. Foenatopus hesperophagus sp. nov., Ψ, holotype: 20. Head, lateral; 21. Head, dorsal; 22. Head dorsoanteriorly; 23. Pronotum, lateral; 24. Head, ventral; 25. Pronotum, dorsal; 26. Hind femur and tibia, lateral, flipped image of right leg; 27. Hind tibia, dorsal, flipped image of right tibia; 28. Pronotum (posterior end), meso- and metathorax, and propodeum, lateral view of left side; 29. Mesothorax and propodeum, dorsal; 30. Fore wing, flipped image of left wing; 31. Pygidium, dorsal. Not to scale. All images by Berthil B. Longo.

FIGURES 35 – 44. Foenatopus prousti sp. nov., Ψ, holotype: 35. Head, left side; 36. Head, dorsal view; 37. Head dorsoanteriorly; 38. Head, ventral; 39. Pronotum, lateral view of left side; 40. Pronotum, dorsal view; 41. Left hind tibia, dorsal view; 42. Mesosoma (except pronotum) and propodeum, lateral view of left side; 43. Left hind femur and tibia, lateral; 44. Posterior margin of pronotum, mesosoma, propodeum, dorsal view. Not to scale. All images by Berthil B. Longo.

FIGURES 10 – 19. Foenatopus crispus sp. nov., Ψ, holotype: 10. Head, left side; 11. Head, dorsal; 12. Head, ventral, showing hypostomal bridge; 13. Head dorso-anteriorly; 14. Pronotum, left side; 15. Meso- and metathorax, and propodeum, dorsal view; 16. Left hind femur and tibia, lateral; 17. Left hind tibia, dorsal; 18. Pronotum, dorsal; 19. Posterior angle of pronotum, meso- and metathorax, propodeum, left side. Not to scale. All images by Berthil B. Longo.

FIGURES 32 – 34. Foenatopus hesperophagus sp. nov., ♂, paratype: 32. Head and mesosoma, dorsal; 33. Head, ventral; 34. Fore wing, detail at level of pterostigma. Not to scale. All images by Berthil B. Longo.