Macronotops curvimarginatus ( Ma, 1993 )

Qiu, Jian-Yue, Xu, Hao & Chen, Li, 2019, A revision of the rare flower beetle genus Macronotops Krikken (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) from Asia with biological notes, Zootaxa 4556 (1), pp. 1-65 : 41-44

Macronotops curvimarginatus ( Ma, 1993)

( Figs. 18–19 , 42–43 , 66–67 , 99–101 , 120 , 132 , 175–184 , 221–222 , 247 , 258–259 , 282–285 , 310 )

Pleuronota curvimarginata Ma, 1993: 181 (type locality: Bendui, Zayü County, Xizang, China)*, figs. 4a–c; Ma 1995: 35, figs. 26a–c; Krajčík 1998: 92.

Macronotops curvimarginata (Ma) : Antoine 2000: 130; Smetana 2006: 307; Krajčík 2011: 57; Krajčík 2012: 151.

Macronotops curvimarginatus (Ma) : Bezděk 2016: 403.

Type material. One female paratype of Macronotops curvimarginatus were not found in IZAS, and the label data transcribed from the original publication ( Ma 1993) as follows: 25.VII.1978, Yigong [in Bomi County, Xizang], Guang-Wu LI . Other four type specimens of Macronotops curvimarginatus were examined in IZAS: holotype (♂, Fig. 247 ) labeled: 4.VIII.1973, Bendui, Zayü County, Xizang, Fu-Sheng HUANG ; allotype (♀) labeled: 22.VIII.1975, Hanmi, Mêdog County, Xizang, 2,0 50 m, Fu-Sheng HUANG ; paratypes: 1♀, 19.VIII.1975, Nage, Mêdog County, Xizang, 2,400-3,000 m, Fu-Sheng HUANG ; 1♀, 23.VIII.1975, Hanmi, Mêdog County, Xizang, 2,100 m, Fu-Sheng HUANG .

Additional material examined (14♂♂, 11♀♀). CHINA: Xizang : 1♀ ( QCCC), 1.VIII.2017, Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon Nature Reserve , Pêlung, Nyingchi County, Si-Yao HUANG ; 4♂♂, 6♀♀ ( QCCC), 12.VIII.2017, Pêlung, Nyingchi County, 2,050 m, Jian-Yue QIU & Hao XU; 1♀ ( QCCC), 26.VII.2014, Tangmai, Bomi County, Wei-Wei ZHANG ; 1♂ ( HBUM), 13.VII.2013, Yigong, Bomi County, Xing-Long BAI & Jun-Sheng SHAN; 1♂ ( QCCC), 12.VIII.2017, Gongde, Yigong, Bomi County, 2,670 m, Jian-Yue QIU & Hao XU; 2♂♂ ( QCCC), 23–25.VII.2016, Suotong, Guxiang, Bomi County, 2,450 m, Jian-Yue QIU & Hao XU; 1♀ ( QCCC), 20.VIII.2011, Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon Nature Reserve , Bononggong (80 K), Mêdog County, 2,300 m, Yang HE ; 1♂ ( QCCC), 6.VIII.2014, Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon Nature Reserve , Bononggong (80 K), Mêdog County, Guang-Lin XIE ; 1♂ ( CCCC), 25.VII.2016, Tangmai, Bomi County, 2,063 m, Xiao-Dong YANG ; 1♂ ( CCCC), 27.VII.2016, Yigong, Bomi County, 2,326 m, Xiao-Dong YANG ; 1♂, 1♀ ( CCCC), 30.VII.2016, Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon Nature Reserve , Bononggong (80 K), Mêdog County, 2,111 m, Xiao-Dong YANG ; 1♂ ( CCCC), 9.VIII.2012, Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon Nature Reserve , Bononggong (80 K), Mêdog County, Xiao- Dong YANG ; 1♀ ( QCCC), 18.VIII.2017, Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon Nature Reserve , Bononggong (80 K), Mêdog County, 2,100 m, Jian-Yue QIU & Hao XU; 1♂ ( QCCC), Shangchayu, Zayü County, 1,860 m, Jian-Yue QIU & Hao XU, 1 st instar in rotten wood 9.VII.2016, adult emerged IV.2017.

Redescription (male). General: Body length 14.5–16.5 mm; width 6.0–7.0 mm, widest at humeral umbone, gradually narrowed backward. Body reddish-brown to dark brown. Surface with fulvous, dark brown and black setae, and yellow tomentous maculae. Head: Brown. Dorsal surface with sparse, fulvous setae; setae long on frons. Clypeus narrow; anterior margin arcuated, slightly raised; clypeolateral ridge indistinct. Frons with a slightly raised longitudinal ridge ( Fig. 18 ). Maxillary palpus and labial palpus brown. Antenna dark brown; antennal club very long, about twice length of antennomeres 2–7 combined; inner side of antennomere 8 with short, dense, fulvous setae ( Fig. 18 ). Ventral surface clad with long, fulvous setae ( Fig. 176 ). Pronotum: Brown. Widest at base, basomedian area depressed. Lateral margin curved; posterior margin distinctly protruded; disc with two pronotal ridges and a narrow, longitudinal ridge medially ( Fig. 175 ). Surface densely clad with fulvous and black setae; medial ridge glabrous. Scutellum: Dark brown, with sparse, fulvous setae. Elytron: Reddish-brown to brown; usually with large posthumeral macula, lateral macula, and distal macula; median macula small. Surface densely clad with setae; setae long between sutural and discolateral costae; setae light yellow on maculae; setae dark brown to black on lateral declivity; setae fulvous on the rest of elytron; humeral umbone glabrous ( Figs. 175, 177 ). Mesepimeron: Dark brown to black, with a yellow tomentous macula and fulvous setae. Metepisternum and metepimeron: Dark brown to black, with fulvous setae. Sternum: Preprosternum reddish-brown, with sparse, long, fulvous setae. Mesosternum dark brown, with long, fulvous setae. Mesometasternal process short, glabrous, brown, apex rounded; mesometasternal suture depressed, with long, fulvous setae. Metasternum black, with long, dense, fulvous setae; middle portion glabrous ( Fig. 176 ). Pygidium: Dark brown to black; with dense, fulvous and brown setae; brown setae on sides ( Figs. 99, 101 ). Abdomen: Dark brown to black. With a slightly depressed longitudinal groove in median. Six abdominal sternites visible; sternites clad with fulvous setae; setae on sternite II long, dense; setae on sternites III–V short, sparse in median, but longer and denser on sides; setae near posterior margin of sternite VI long, dense; sternite VII almost glabrous, with sparse, short setae on sides; sternites II–V densely clad with black and fulvous setae in dorsal and lateral portion ( Fig. 176 ). Legs: Slender, simple. Metacoxa black, with long, fulvous setae. Femora and tibia dark brown, with fulvous setae. Protibia with 3 teeth; the proximal tooth usually small and indistinct; without tiny tooth ( Fig. 42 ). Mesotibia with a small spine near middle of outer margin; the spine in middle of metatibia indistinct or absent; metatibia with a row of long, brush-like, fulvous setae along inner margin ( Figs. 175–176 ); dorsal tooth of metatibia distinctly longer than basitarsus of metatarsus, outer tooth absent ( Fig. 66 ). Tarsi dark brown; each segment of metatarsus with a cluster of long setae ( Fig. 66 ). Genitalia: Parameres broad, short; anterior margin nearly straight. Interparameral split narrow; base with small membrane, protruding medially. Median lobe flagelliform, wide at base, gradually narrowed to apex; apical half twisted; less than twice length of paramere ( Fig. 120 ).

Female. Body length 14.5–17.5 mm; width 7.5–8.0 mm. Except for sexual dimorphism characteristics of the genus, body color darker ( Figs. 179–184 ), dorsal tooth of metatibia slightly larger ( Fig. 67 ), setae on mesotibia and metatibia sparser and shorter, and basitarsus of metatarsus with less setae ( Fig. 67 ).

Variability. Posthumeral macula, lateral macula, and tomentous macula on mesepimeron could be very small, even absent in femals ( Figs. 182–184 ). Only a single male from Zayü County with a yellow macula on the pygidium ( Fig. 100 ).

Differential diagnosis. Length of clypeus greater than width. Antenna brown to dark brown ( Figs. 18–19 ); male antennal club very long. Disc of pronotum with a narrow, longitudinal ridge in medial. Pygidium and abdomen usually without macula ( Figs. 99, 101 , 176 , 180 ). Male metepisternum usually with a yellow macula. Male elytra usually with posthumeral maculae, median maculae, lateral maculae, and distal maculae ( Figs. 175, 177–178 ). Dorsal tooth of male metatibia distinctly longer than basitarsus of metatarsus ( Fig. 66 ). Maculae on female elytra usually partly absent ( Figs. 181–184 ).

This species is similar to Macronotops ovaliceps , but body size larger; all four maculae on elytron usually present in male ( Figs. 175, 177–178 ; in male M. ovaliceps usually partly absent, Figs. 191, 193–195 ), and usually partly absent in female ( Figs. 181–184 ; in female M. ovaliceps usually all present, Figs. 197, 201–202 ); male abdominal sternites III–V with sparse setiferous punctures near anterior margin ( Fig. 176 ; in M. ovaliceps glabrous, Fig. 192 ); parameres distinctly shorter, anterior margin nearly straight ( Fig. 120 ; apex rounded in M. ovaliceps , Fig. 122 ).

Distribution. China: Xizang.

Natural history. The adults were found feeding on the sap of Quercus sp., and Castanea sp. ( Fagaceae ) ( Figs. 283–285 ). A first instar larva was captured by excavating rotten wood near the type locality in Zayü County, and adult emerged in April 2017 ( Fig. 310 ).

Remarks. Macronotops curvimarginatus is the most widely distributed species of the genus in the area of Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon (Brahmaputra Valley). This species not only occurs on the south side of the Himalayas, but also extends to north side along the valley of Yigong Tsangpo and Pêlung Tsangpo ( Fig. 259 ).

Figures

FIGURES 1–23. Head of Macronotops (male in left, female in right). 1, M. biserratus new species; 2–3, M. dianensis new species; 4–5, M. fulvoguttatus; 6–7, M. fulvopilosus; 8–9, M. miksici new species; 10–11, M. nigropubescens; 12–13, M. olivaceofuscus; 14–15, M. sexmaculatus; 16–17, M. vuilleti; 18–19, M. curvimarginatus; 20–21, M. medogensis new species; 22–23, M. ovaliceps. Arrows emphasize the length of antenna club.

FIGURES 24–47. Protibia of Macronotops (male and female). 24, M. biserratus new species; 25–26, M. dianensis new species; 27–28, M. fulvoguttatus; 29–30, M. fulvopilosus; 31–32, M. miksici new species; 33–34, M. nigropubescens; 35–36, M. olivaceofuscus; 37–38, M. sexmaculatus; 39–40, M. vuilleti; 41, Macronotops sp.; 42–43, M. curvimarginatus; 44–45, M. medogensis new species; 46–47, M. ovaliceps. Arrows indicate the angle between large teeth and the outer margin of protibia.

FIGURES 66–71. Metatibia and basitarsus of metatarsus of the Macronotops ovaliceps species group (male in left, female in right). 66–67, M. curvimarginatus; 68–69, M. medogensis new species; 70–71, M. ovaliceps.

FIGURES 99–110. Pygidium of the Macronotops ovaliceps species group (size of macula and color of setae). 99–101, M. curvimarginatus; 102–103, M. medogensis new species; 104–110, M. ovaliceps.

FIGURES 111–122. Male genitalia of Macronotops (apical view). 111, M. biserratus new species; 112, M. dianensis new species; 113, M. fulvoguttatus; 114, M. fulvopilosus; 115, M. miksici new species; 116, M. nigropubescens; 117, M. olivaceofuscus; 118, M. sexmaculatus; 119, M. vuilleti. 120, M. curvimarginatus; 121, M. medogensis new species; 122, M. ovaliceps. Arrows indicate the membrane between the parameres.

FIGURES 122–134. Male genitalia of Macronotops (lateral view). 123, M. biserratus new species; 124, M. dianensis new species; 125, M. fulvoguttatus; 126, M. fulvopilosus; 127, M. miksici new species; 128, M. nigropubescens; 129, M. olivaceofuscus; 130, M. sexmaculatus; 131, M. vuilleti; 132, M. curvimarginatus; 133, M. medogensis new species; 134, M. ovaliceps.

FIGURES 175–178. Habitus of Macronotops curvimarginatus (males, dorsal and ventral view). 175–176, (Bomi, SE Xizang, China); 177, (Zayü, SE Xizang, China); 178, (Bomi, SE Xizang, China).

FIGURES 179–184. Habitus of Macronotops curvimarginatus (females, dorsal and ventral view). 179–180, (Mêdog, SE Xizang, China); 181–182, 184, (Nyingchi, SE Xizang, China); 183, (Bomi, SE Xizang, China).

FIGURES 215–226. Habitus of Macronotops (male in left, female in right; oblique view). 215–216, M. olivaceofuscus; 217– 218, M. sexmaculatus; 219–220, M. vuilleti; 221–222, M. curvimarginatus; 223–224, M. medogensis new species; 225–226, M. ovaliceps.

FIGURES 243–257. Type specimens and labels of Macronotops. 243–246, M. ovaliceps, male holotype; 247, M. curvimarginatus (modified from Ma 1993); 248, Pleuronota subsexmaculata (modified from Ma 1992a); 249, P. hefengensis (modified from Ma 1992a); 250, M. miksici (modified from Mikšić 1971); 251–257, M. miksici, male paratype (Assam, NE India).

FIGURES 258–260. Known distribution of Macronotops. 258, Distribution for the whole genus; 259, map of SE Xizang, China; 260, map of W Sichuan, China. Syncretic markers indicate identical or very close localities; type localities of the known species are underlined, that of M. olivaceofuscus is missing because the precise type locality is unknown.

FIGURES 282–288. Habitat of Macronotops. 282–285, Habitat of M. curvimarginatus in Pêlung near the Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon (Xizang, China), and adults feeding on sap of trees; 286–288, forest habitat of M. ovaliceps in valley of Mount Gaoligongshan (Yunnan, China), and larva in fallen decayed trunk.

FIGURES 310–312. Living adults of the Macronotops ovaliceps species group in artificial conditions. 310, newly emerged adults of M. curvimarginatus in pupal cell; 311, adults of M. medogensis new species feeding on apple; 312, newly emerged adult of M. ovaliceps in pupal cell.

FIGURES 191–196. Habitus of Macronotops ovaliceps (males, dorsal and ventral view). 191–192, (Pianma, W Yunnan, China); 193, (Baihualing, W Yunnan, China); 194–195, (Mingguang, W Yunnan, China); 196, (Pianma, W Yunnan, China).

FIGURES 197–202. Habitus of Macronotops ovaliceps (females, dorsal and ventral view). 197–198, (Pianma, W Yunnan, China); 199, (Baihualing, W Yunnan, China); 200–201, (Mingguang, W Yunnan, China); 202, (Pianma, W Yunnan, China).