Macronotops vuilleti ( Bourgoin, 1916 )

Qiu, Jian-Yue, Xu, Hao & Chen, Li, 2019, A revision of the rare flower beetle genus Macronotops Krikken (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) from Asia with biological notes, Zootaxa 4556 (1), pp. 1-65 : 38-40

Macronotops vuilleti ( Bourgoin, 1916)

( Figs. 16–17 , 39–40 , 63–64 , 94–97 , 119 , 131 , 169–172 , 219–220 , 238–242 , 258 , 279–281 , 309 )

Macronota vuilleti Bourgoin, 1916: 135 (type locality: Chapa, Lao-Kay, Tonkin [=Sa Pa, Lao Cai, N. Vietnam])*; Schenkling

1921: 143. Coilodera vuilleti (Bourgoin) : Paulian 1960: 18. Pleuronota vuilleti (Bourgoin) : Mikšić 1971: 208; Mikšić 1976: 170 (holotype). Macronotops vuilleti vuilleti (Bourgoin) : Krikken 1977: 208; Krajčík 1998: 90; Sakai 2008: 20 (Mount Phu Pan & Xam Neua,

Laos)*, fig. 72 ♂; Krajčík 2011: 59; Krajčík 2012: 152.

Type material. Holotype (by monotypy, ♂, BMNH, Figs. 238–242 ): Macronota vuilleti Bourgoin , Type [white label with red right edge]// Holotype [white label with red border] // Bourgoin Coll., B. M. 1938-252 [pale yellow label] // Macronota vuilleti Bourg. ♂, M. E. Bacchus det 1974 , HOLOTYPE [white label].

Additional material examined (20♂♂, 5♀). CHINA: Yunnan : 6♂♂, 1♀ ( QCCC) , Mount Huanglianshan Nature Reserve, Lüchun County, 1,900 m, Jian-Yue QIU & Hao XU, 3 nd instar larvae in rotten wood 21.II.2018 , adult emerged V.2018. VIETNAM: 1♂ ( QCCC), V.2015 , Mount Sapa , Lao Cai prov . LAOS: 2♂♂, 1♀ ( QCCC), V.2013 , Mount Phu Pane , Hua Phan prov .; 5♂♂ ( QCCC), VI.2014 , Mount Phu Pane , Hua Phan Prov., 2,060 m ; 1♂ ( KSCJ), 15–24. V.2004 , Phu Pan ( Mt. ), Houa Phan Prov., T. Mizusawa ; 5♂♂ ( KSCJ), VII.2005 , Xam Nua , Hua Phan Prov .; 1♀ ( KSCJ), 10–21. VI.2010 , Phou Pan (Mt.), Houa Phan Prov., St. Jakl ; 1♀ ( KSCJ), V.2012 , Mt. Pan , Sam Neua, Houa Pan Prov .; 1♀ ( KSCJ), V.2007 , Xan Neua , Hua Phan Prov .

Redescription (male). General: Body length 16.5–18.0 mm; width 7.0–7.5 mm, widest at humeral umbone, gradually narrowed backward. Body reddish-brown to dark brown. Surface with fulvous, light yellow and black setae, and yellow tomentous maculae. Head: Brown. Dorsal surface with dense, setiferous, punctures; setae short, fulvous, but long on frons. Anterior margin of clypeus nearly straight and slightly raised. Frons flat or with an indistinct longitudinal ridge ( Fig. 16 ). Maxillary palpus and labial palpus dark brown. Antenna yellowish-brown to dark brown; antennal club long, about 1.5 times of antennomeres 2–7 combined; inner side of antennomere 8 with dense, fulvous setae ( Fig. 16 ). Ventral surface clad with long, fulvous setae ( Fig. 170 ). Pronotum: Reddish-brown to brown. Widest at base, basomedian area depressed. Lateral margin curved; posterior margin distinctly protruded. Surface densely clad with long, fulvous and black setae ( Fig. 169 ). Scutellum: Reddish-brown to dark brown, with sparse, fulvous setae. Elytron: Humeral umbone, disc, lateral declivity, and distal declivity reddish-brown; juxtascutellar area dark brown; with posthumeral macula, lateral macula, median macula, and distal macula. Surface densely clad with setae; setae long between sutural and discolateral costae; setae black on lateral declivity, light yellow on maculae; setae fulvous on the rest of elytron; humeral umbone glabrous ( Fig. 169 ). Mesepimeron, metepisternum and metepimeron: Dark brown, with fulvous and/or dark brown setae. Sternum: Preprosternum reddish, with sparse, fulvous setae on sides. Mesosternum dark reddish-brown, with sparse, fulvous setae. Mesometasternal process short, glabrous, dark reddish-brown, apex rounded; mesometasternal suture depressed, with long, fulvous setae. Metasternum black, with long, fulvous setae; middle portion glabrous ( Fig. 170 ). Pygidium: Brown. With a small yellow macula. Surface densely clad with setae; setae fulvous in middle, dark brown on sides ( Fig. 94 ). Abdomen: Dark reddish-brown. With a slightly depressed longitudinal groove in median. Six abdominal sternites visible; sternites surface clad with fulvous setae; setae on sternite II long, dense; setae on sternites III–V longer on sides, but almost glabrous in median; setae near posterior margin of sternite VI long, dense; sternite VII with sparse, short setae on sides. Sternites II–V densely clad with black and fulvous setae in dorsal and lateral portion ( Fig. 170 ). Legs: Reddish-brown, slender, simple. Metacoxa, femora, and tibia clad with long, fulvous and light yellow setae. Protibia without tiny tooth ( Fig. 39 ); mesotibia and metatibia with a sharp spine near the middle of outer margin; metatibia with a row of brush-like, fulvous setae along inner margin ( Figs. 169–170 ); dorsal tooth of metatibia longer than basitarsus of metatarsus ( Fig. 63 ). Tarsi simple; basitarsus of metatarsus with a cluster of dense, long setae ( Fig. 63 ). Genitalia: Parameres broad, short; apex rounded, distinctly expanded. Interparameral split wide, gradually constricted to apex; base with membrane, slightly divided in medial. Median lobe wide at base, filiform apically; distinctly longer than paramere ( Fig. 119 ).

Female. Body length 17.0–17.5 mm; width 7.7–8.0 mm. Except for sexual dimorphism characteristics of the genus, body color darker ( Fig. 1 71 ), dorsal tooth of metatibia larger ( Fig. 64 ), setae on mesotibia and metatibia shorter ( Figs. 171–172 ), and basitarsus of metatarsus with less setae ( Fig. 64 ).

Variability. Features are stable, but pygidium of some specimens without yellow macula ( Figs. 95–96 ), and setae are black ( Fig. 96 ).

Differential diagnosis. Length of clypeus almost equal to width. Antenna yellowish-brown to dark brown ( Figs. 16–17 ). Male pronotum clad with fulvous long setae. Elytra with posthumeral maculae, median maculae, lateral maculae, and distal maculae ( Figs. 169, 171 ). Pygidium with a yellow macula ( Figs. 94, 97 ), sometimes absent ( Figs. 95–96 ). Abdominal sides without yellow maculae ( Figs. 1 70 , 172 ); male abdomen with a slightly longitudinal groove. Protibia without tiny tooth ( Figs. 39–40 ); dorsal tooth of male metatibia longer than basitarsus of metatarsus ( Fig. 63 ).

This species is similar to Macronota fulvoguttatus , and the differences are provided in the differential diagnosis of that species.

Distribution. China (new country record): Yunnan; Vietnam; Laos.

Natural history. Larvae of this species were excavated from several rotten trunks in February and finally emerged in May. The habitus is a slope by a stream in Mount Huanglianshan of southern Yunnan, and the trunks were lying under a forest composed of bamboo and Amomum tsaoko Crevost et Lemarie (Zingiberaceae) ( Figs. 279–281 ).

Remarks. Macronota vuilleti was rarely reported and previously only known from northeastern Laos and northern Vietnam ( Bourgoin 1916; Sakai 2008). This species is also occurring in southern Yunnan of China close to the type locality.

Figures

FIGURES 1–23. Head of Macronotops (male in left, female in right). 1, M. biserratus new species; 2–3, M. dianensis new species; 4–5, M. fulvoguttatus; 6–7, M. fulvopilosus; 8–9, M. miksici new species; 10–11, M. nigropubescens; 12–13, M. olivaceofuscus; 14–15, M. sexmaculatus; 16–17, M. vuilleti; 18–19, M. curvimarginatus; 20–21, M. medogensis new species; 22–23, M. ovaliceps. Arrows emphasize the length of antenna club.

FIGURES 24–47. Protibia of Macronotops (male and female). 24, M. biserratus new species; 25–26, M. dianensis new species; 27–28, M. fulvoguttatus; 29–30, M. fulvopilosus; 31–32, M. miksici new species; 33–34, M. nigropubescens; 35–36, M. olivaceofuscus; 37–38, M. sexmaculatus; 39–40, M. vuilleti; 41, Macronotops sp.; 42–43, M. curvimarginatus; 44–45, M. medogensis new species; 46–47, M. ovaliceps. Arrows indicate the angle between large teeth and the outer margin of protibia.

FIGURES 48–65. Metatibia and basitarsus of metatarsus of the Macronotops sexmaculatus species group (male in left, female in right). 48, M. biserratus new species; 49–50, M. dianensis new species; 51–52, M. fulvoguttatus; 53–54, M. fulvopilosus; 55–56, M. miksici new species; 57–58, M. nigropubescens;59–60, M. olivaceofuscus; 61–62, M. sexmaculatus; 63–64, M. vuilleti; 65, Macronotops sp. Red arrows indicate the difference in the dorsal and outer tooth of the metatibia in females; yellow arrows indicate the difference in the dorsal and outer tooth of the metatibia in males; blue arrows indicate the density of setae on the basitarsus of the metatarsus.

FIGURES 72–98. Pygidium of the Macronotops sexmaculatus species group (size of macula and color of setae). 72–73, M. biserratus new species; 74–75, M. dianensis new species; 76–79, M. fulvoguttatus; 80–83, M. fulvopilosus; 84–85, M. miksici new species; 86–89, M. nigropubescens; 90–91, M. olivaceofuscus; 92–93, M. sexmaculatus; 94–97, M. vuilleti; 98, Macronotops sp.

FIGURES 111–122. Male genitalia of Macronotops (apical view). 111, M. biserratus new species; 112, M. dianensis new species; 113, M. fulvoguttatus; 114, M. fulvopilosus; 115, M. miksici new species; 116, M. nigropubescens; 117, M. olivaceofuscus; 118, M. sexmaculatus; 119, M. vuilleti. 120, M. curvimarginatus; 121, M. medogensis new species; 122, M. ovaliceps. Arrows indicate the membrane between the parameres.

FIGURES 122–134. Male genitalia of Macronotops (lateral view). 123, M. biserratus new species; 124, M. dianensis new species; 125, M. fulvoguttatus; 126, M. fulvopilosus; 127, M. miksici new species; 128, M. nigropubescens; 129, M. olivaceofuscus; 130, M. sexmaculatus; 131, M. vuilleti; 132, M. curvimarginatus; 133, M. medogensis new species; 134, M. ovaliceps.

FIGURES 169–172. Habitus of Macronotops vuilleti (dorsal and ventral view). 169–170, male (Mount Phu Pane, Hua Phan, NE Laos); 171–172, female (Mount Phu Pane, Hua Phan, NE Laos).

FIGURES 215–226. Habitus of Macronotops (male in left, female in right; oblique view). 215–216, M. olivaceofuscus; 217– 218, M. sexmaculatus; 219–220, M. vuilleti; 221–222, M. curvimarginatus; 223–224, M. medogensis new species; 225–226, M. ovaliceps.

FIGURES 235–242. Type specimens and labels of Macronotops. 235–237, M. olivaceofuscus, male holotype (photograph by Enrico Ruzzier); 238–242, M. vuilleti, male holotype (photograph by Maxwell Barclay).

FIGURES 258–260. Known distribution of Macronotops. 258, Distribution for the whole genus; 259, map of SE Xizang, China; 260, map of W Sichuan, China. Syncretic markers indicate identical or very close localities; type localities of the known species are underlined, that of M. olivaceofuscus is missing because the precise type locality is unknown.

FIGURES 276–281. Habitat of Macronotops. 276–277, habitat of M. sexmaculatus and M. medogensis new species in Valley near Bononggong of Mêdog (Xizang, China); 278, an adult of M. sexmaculatus feeding on sap of bamboo (photograph by Yang He); 279–281, habitat of M. vuilleti in Mount Huanglianshan (Yunnan, China), and larva in fallen rotten wood.

FIGURES 295–309. Living adults and pupae of the Macronotops sexmaculatus species group in artificial conditions. 295–297, adult of M. dianensis new species feeding on banana and newly emerged adults in pupal cells; 298–300, adult of M. fulvopilosus feeding on banana and newly emerged adults in pupal cells; 301–302, pupa of M. fulvoguttatus and newly emerged adult in pupal cell; 303–304, newly emerged adults of M. miksici new species in pupal cells; 305–308, pupae of M. olivaceofuscus and newly emerged adults in pupal cells; 309, newly emerged adults of M. vuilleti in pupal cells.