Macronotops dianensis Qiu, Xu & Chen, 2019

Qiu, Jian-Yue, Xu, Hao & Chen, Li, 2019, A revision of the rare flower beetle genus Macronotops Krikken (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) from Asia with biological notes, Zootaxa 4556 (1), pp. 1-65 : 9-14

Macronotops dianensis Qiu, Xu & Chen new species

( Figs. 2–3 , 25–26 , 49–50 , 74–75 , 112 , 124 , 137–140 , 205–206 , 258 , 261–262 , 295–297 )

Macronotops fulvoguttata (Fairmaire) : Krikken 1977: 208 (partim, specimens from Sse-Tsong [=Shizong County, E. Yunnan, China], fig. 21 ♂. (misidentification).

Type material. CHINA: Yunnan: ♂ (Holotype, SWU), Mount Daweishan Nature Reserve , Pingbian County, 2,100 m, Jian-Yue QIU & Hao XU, 3 nd instar in rotten wood 1.III.2015, adult emerged IV.2015. Paratypes (9♂♂, 8♀♀): CHINA: 1♀ (Allotype, SWU), 1♂ ( QCCC), Mount Daweishan Nature Reserve, Pingbian County, 2,100 m, Jian-Yue QIU & Hao XU, 3 nd instar in rotten wood 1.III.2015, adult emerged IV.2015; 1♀ ( QCCC), Mount Daweishan Nature Reserve , Pingbian County , 2,100 m, Gui-Qiang HUANG, 3 nd instar in rotten wood 27– 28.X.2016, adult emerged IV.2017; 2♂♂, 1♀ ( QCCC), Mount Daweishan Nature Reserve , Pingbian County , 2,100 m, Jian-Yue QIU & Hao XU, 3 nd instar in rotten wood 25.II.2018, adult emerged IV.2018; 2♀♀ ( QCCC), Mount Daweishan Nature Reserve , Pingbian County , 2,100 m, Zheng ZHOU, 3 nd instar in rotten wood II.2018, adult emerged V.2018; 1♀ ( IBDU), 14.VII.2015, Mount Daweishan Nature Reserve , Pingbian County , 2,104 m, Kai-Ge XU; 4♂♂, 3♀♀ ( QCCC), Mount Junzishan Nature Reserve , Shizong County , Ke TANG, 3 nd instar in rotten wood II.2018, adult emerged V.2018; 1♂ ( MNHN), Yunnan Kutsingfu [Qujing], R. P. Letourmy 1917 . VIETNAM: 1♂ ( KSCJ), 30.VI.1998, Mt. Pia Oac [E 105°52′, N 22°36′], Cao Bang .

Holotype (male). General: Body length 14.5 mm; width 6.5 mm, widest at humeral umbone, gradually narrowed backward. Body reddish-brown to brown. Surface with fulvous, brown, light yellow and black setae, and yellow tomentous maculae. Head: Brown. Dorsal surface with dense setiferous punctures; setae fulvous, longer on frons. Clypeus with green metallic reflections; anterior margin nearly straight and slightly raised; clypeolateral ridge distinct. Frons slightly convex ( Fig. 2 ). Maxillary palpus and labial palpus brown. Antenna yellowish-brown; antennal club long, about 1.5 times length of antennomeres 2–7 combined; inner side of the antennomere 8 with long, fulvous setae ( Fig. 2 ). Ventral surface clad with long, fulvous setae ( Fig. 138 ). Pronotum: Brown with winered metallic reflections. Widest at base; basomedian area depressed. Lateral margin curved; posterior margin distinctly protruded. Surface evenly clad with dense, setiferous punctures; setae long, fulvous; sparse, brown setae on basolateral area ( Fig. 137 ). Scutellum: Reddish-brown with weak wine-red metallic reflections. Surface with sparse, setiferous punctures; setae long, fulvous. Elytron: Reddish-brown with weak wine-red metallic reflections; with posthumeral macula, lateral macula, median macula, and distal macula. Surface densely clad with setae; setae long between sutural and discolateral costae; setae light yellow on maculae; setae black near humeral umbone; setae brown on lateral declivity (between posthumeral macula and lateral macula); setae fulvous on the rest of elytron; humeral umbone glabrous ( Fig. 137 ). Mesepimeron, metepisternum and metepimeron: Reddish-brown, evenly clad with yellow setae. Sternum: Preprosternum brown, sides clad with sparse, fulvous setae. Mesosternum brown, clad with sparse, yellow setae. Mesometasternal process, short, glabrous, brown, apex rounded; mesometasternal suture depressed, clad with fulvous, long setae. Metasternum reddish-brown to black from side to midline; evenly clad with long, yellow setae; middle portion glabrous ( Fig. 138 ). Pygidium: Black. Surface clad with long, dense, fulvous and black setae; most fulvous setae in median ( Figs. 74 , 137 ). Abdomen: Brown. Longitudinal groove in median indistinct. Six abdominal sternites visible; sternites II–V evenly clad with fulvous setae on ventral surface, densely clad with black and light yellow setae in dorsal and lateral portion; setae on sternite II long; setae on sternites III–V short, but longer on sides; setae near posterior margin of sternite VI long, dense; sternite VII with sparse, short, fulvous setae on sides ( Fig. 138 ). Legs: Slender, simple. Metacoxa black; with long, black setae. Femora and tibia reddish-brown; with long, fulvous and light yellow setae. Tiny teeth between 3 large teeth of protibia indistinct ( Fig. 25 ); mesotibia with a sharp spine in middle; metatibia with a blunt spine in middle; metatibia with a row of brushlike, fulvous setae along inner margin ( Figs. 137–138 ); dorsal tooth of metatibia as long as basitarsus of metatarsus, outer tooth small and short ( Fig. 49 ). Tarsi reddish-brown; basitarsus of metatarsus with a cluster of sparse, long setae ( Fig. 49 ). Genitalia: Parameres broad, short; apex rounded, slightly expanded. Apical half of interparameral split constricted; base with membrane, distinctly divided in medial. Median lobe ribbon-like, apical portion of median lobe reversed; nearly twice length of paramere ( Fig. 112 ).

Female. Body length 16.5–18.0 mm; width 7.0–7.5 mm. Body color darker. Surface of head with short, sparse, fulvous and brown setae; midline of frons convex, glabrous ( Fig. 3 ). Pronotum clad with sparse, short, fulvous, dark brown, and black setae. Elytra dark brown to black; clad with dark brown and black setae, except the yellow tomentous maculae ( Fig. 139 ). Ventral surface black, clad with fulvous setae; abdomen convex, with less setae ( Fig. 140 ). Legs dark brown to black; dorsal and outer teeth of metatibia large, as long as basitarsus of metatarsus ( Fig. 50 ); setae on mesotibia and metatibia shorter; basitarsus of metatarsus with less setae ( Fig. 50 ).

Variability. Male paratypes body length 16.5 mm, width 7.0 mm; some with green metallic reflections on dorsal surface. The length of dorsal tooth of metatibia sometimes slightly longer than basitarsus of metatarsus. Body color of the females from Mount Junzishan appears lighter, and is similar to males from the same location.

Differential diagnosis. Length of clypeus almost equal to width ( Figs. 2–3 ). Elytra with posthumeral maculae, median maculae, lateral maculae, and distal maculae ( Figs. 137 , 1 39 ). Pygidium without macula ( Figs. 74–75 ). Abdominal sides without yellow macula ( Figs. 138 , 1 40 ). Male: Dorsal surface reddish-brown with fulvous short setae ( Fig. 137 ); antenna yellowish-brown ( Fig. 2 ); protibia with tiny teeth ( Fig. 25 ) and dorsal tooth of metatibia longer than basitarsus of metatarsus ( Fig. 49 ); abdomen without median groove. Female: Dorsal surface dark brown to black with black short setae ( Fig. 139 ); head with a longitudinal ridge on frons and antenna black ( Fig. 3 ).

Male of Macronotops dianensis new species is very similar to M. fulvoguttatus , but can be distinguished by tiny teeth of protibia indistinct ( Fig. 25 ; distinct in M. fulvoguttatus , Fig. 27 ), abdomen without tomentous maculae ( Fig. 138 ; abdominal sides with yellow maculae in M. fulvoguttatus , Fig. 142 ), dorsal tooth of male metatibia longer than basitarsus of metatarsus ( Fig. 49 ; that of M. fulvoguttatus shorter than basitarsus of metatarsus, Fig. 51 ), parameres shorter but broader, and apical portion of median lobe reversed ( Fig. 112 ).

Etymology. It is named for the alias name of Yunnan (Dian) where the type locality is located.

Distribution. China: Yunnan; Vietnam.

Natural history. This new species occurs sympatrically with M. olivaceofuscus ( Bourgoin, 1916) at Mount Daweishan, and the mature larvae in rotten wood were found near the mountain top (elevation approximately 2,100 m, Figs. 261–262 ), but larvae of the latter species were collected from the mountainside at an elevation of around 1,600 m.

Remarks. All type series of this new species were obtained in recent years, except the old specimen in MNHN collected by Letourmy. Since 1910, Father Omer Letourmy (1884–1963) visited several places in Qujing (Eastern Yunnan, China) for missionary work, and he stayed at “San-pe-fou” in 1914–1928 ( Moussay & Appavou 2004). San-pe-fou, i.e. Sanbaihu, is a village now called Wulian (E 103°50'14.05", N 25°24'51.00", alt. 1,860 m) and located in Sanbao Town not far from the south of Qujing City. The male labeled “ Yunnan Kutsingfu, R. P. Letourmy 1917” perhaps was captured in the mountains around the village.

A couple of specimens identified by Krikken (1977) as M. fulvoguttatus appear to be M. dianensis new species. These two specimens originated from Sse-Tsong in eastern Yunnan, i.e. Shizong County, where seven paratypes of M. dianensis new species were collected. The characters for separation of these two species are provided in the differential diagnosis section and in the key.

Figures

FIGURES 1–23. Head of Macronotops (male in left, female in right). 1, M. biserratus new species; 2–3, M. dianensis new species; 4–5, M. fulvoguttatus; 6–7, M. fulvopilosus; 8–9, M. miksici new species; 10–11, M. nigropubescens; 12–13, M. olivaceofuscus; 14–15, M. sexmaculatus; 16–17, M. vuilleti; 18–19, M. curvimarginatus; 20–21, M. medogensis new species; 22–23, M. ovaliceps. Arrows emphasize the length of antenna club.

FIGURES 24–47. Protibia of Macronotops (male and female). 24, M. biserratus new species; 25–26, M. dianensis new species; 27–28, M. fulvoguttatus; 29–30, M. fulvopilosus; 31–32, M. miksici new species; 33–34, M. nigropubescens; 35–36, M. olivaceofuscus; 37–38, M. sexmaculatus; 39–40, M. vuilleti; 41, Macronotops sp.; 42–43, M. curvimarginatus; 44–45, M. medogensis new species; 46–47, M. ovaliceps. Arrows indicate the angle between large teeth and the outer margin of protibia.

FIGURES 48–65. Metatibia and basitarsus of metatarsus of the Macronotops sexmaculatus species group (male in left, female in right). 48, M. biserratus new species; 49–50, M. dianensis new species; 51–52, M. fulvoguttatus; 53–54, M. fulvopilosus; 55–56, M. miksici new species; 57–58, M. nigropubescens;59–60, M. olivaceofuscus; 61–62, M. sexmaculatus; 63–64, M. vuilleti; 65, Macronotops sp. Red arrows indicate the difference in the dorsal and outer tooth of the metatibia in females; yellow arrows indicate the difference in the dorsal and outer tooth of the metatibia in males; blue arrows indicate the density of setae on the basitarsus of the metatarsus.

FIGURES 72–98. Pygidium of the Macronotops sexmaculatus species group (size of macula and color of setae). 72–73, M. biserratus new species; 74–75, M. dianensis new species; 76–79, M. fulvoguttatus; 80–83, M. fulvopilosus; 84–85, M. miksici new species; 86–89, M. nigropubescens; 90–91, M. olivaceofuscus; 92–93, M. sexmaculatus; 94–97, M. vuilleti; 98, Macronotops sp.

FIGURES 111–122. Male genitalia of Macronotops (apical view). 111, M. biserratus new species; 112, M. dianensis new species; 113, M. fulvoguttatus; 114, M. fulvopilosus; 115, M. miksici new species; 116, M. nigropubescens; 117, M. olivaceofuscus; 118, M. sexmaculatus; 119, M. vuilleti. 120, M. curvimarginatus; 121, M. medogensis new species; 122, M. ovaliceps. Arrows indicate the membrane between the parameres.

FIGURES 122–134. Male genitalia of Macronotops (lateral view). 123, M. biserratus new species; 124, M. dianensis new species; 125, M. fulvoguttatus; 126, M. fulvopilosus; 127, M. miksici new species; 128, M. nigropubescens; 129, M. olivaceofuscus; 130, M. sexmaculatus; 131, M. vuilleti; 132, M. curvimarginatus; 133, M. medogensis new species; 134, M. ovaliceps.

FIGURES 137–140. Habitus of Macronotops dianensis new species (dorsal and ventral view). 137–138, male holotype; 139– 140, female paratype (Mount Daweishan, S Yunnan, China).

FIGURES 203–214. Habitus of Macronotops (male in left, female in right; oblique view). 203, M. biserratus new species; 204, Macronotops sp.; 205–206, M. dianensis new species; 207–208, M. fulvoguttatus. 209–210, M. fulvopilosus; 211–212, M. miksici new species; 213–214, M. nigropubescens.

FIGURES 258–260. Known distribution of Macronotops. 258, Distribution for the whole genus; 259, map of SE Xizang, China; 260, map of W Sichuan, China. Syncretic markers indicate identical or very close localities; type localities of the known species are underlined, that of M. olivaceofuscus is missing because the precise type locality is unknown.

FIGURES 261–268. Habitat of Macronotops. 261–262, habitat of M. dianensis new species in Mount Daweishan (Yunnan, China), and larva in rotten wood; 263–265, habitat of M. fulvopilosus in Fengtongzhai Nature Reserve (Sichuan, China), and larvae in galleries of Passalidae; 266–268, habitat of M. miksici new species in Tongbiguan (Yunnan, China), and larva in galleries of Passalidae.

FIGURES 295–309. Living adults and pupae of the Macronotops sexmaculatus species group in artificial conditions. 295–297, adult of M. dianensis new species feeding on banana and newly emerged adults in pupal cells; 298–300, adult of M. fulvopilosus feeding on banana and newly emerged adults in pupal cells; 301–302, pupa of M. fulvoguttatus and newly emerged adult in pupal cell; 303–304, newly emerged adults of M. miksici new species in pupal cells; 305–308, pupae of M. olivaceofuscus and newly emerged adults in pupal cells; 309, newly emerged adults of M. vuilleti in pupal cells.

FIGURES 141–144. Habitus of Macronotops fulvoguttatus (dorsal and ventral view). 141–142, male (Mount Qizimeishan, W Hubei, China); 143–144, female (Mount Qizimeishan, W Hubei, China). Arrows indicate macula on sternite.