Hallodapus ravenar ( Kirkaldy, 1902 )

Duwal, Ram Keshari, Yasunaga, Tomohide, Tomokuni, Masaaki, Nakatani, Yukinobu & Hirowatari, Toshiya, 2017, Further records on the plant bug tribe Hallodapini (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae) in Asia, with proposition of two new species and a new synonymy, Zootaxa 4258 (5), pp. 401-424 : 418

Hallodapus ravenar ( Kirkaldy, 1902)

( Fig. 2 E, 5F, 13)

Laemocoris (?) ravenar Kirkaldy, 1902: 315 (n. sp.).

Hallodapus ravenar: Carvalho, 1958: 169 , 171 (n. comb., cat.); Schuh, 1995: 226 (cat.); Kerzhner & Josifov, 1999: 292 (cat.); Yasunaga, 2001: 154 (diag.); Yasunaga et al., 2013b: 442 (list); Yasunaga & Duwal, 2015: 195 (list); Yasunaga et al., 2016: 385 (cat.).

Allodapus persimilis Poppius, 1915: 63 (n. sp.); Kerzhner, 1996: 101 (lectotype design.). n. syn.

Hallodapus persimilis: Carvalho, 1958: 169 (n. comb.); Schuh, 1984: 130 (diag.); 1995: 226 (cat.); Kerzhner & Josifov, 1999: 292 (cat.).

Diagnosis. Recognized by reddish brown dorsum and appendages; reddish cuneus and white areas on hemelytron ( Fig. 5 F); and the form of male genitalic structures ( Fig. 13 ). For detailed description see Poppius (1914: 165) and Schuh (1984: 130; figs. 428̄430).

Measurements. (♂ / ♀) (n= 3/2). Body length 2.40̄2.50/ 2.40̄2.44; length from apex of tylus to cuneal fracture 1.76̄1.80/ 1.86̄1.88; width of head across eyes 0.49̄0.51/ 0.46̄0.52; width of vertex 0.20̄0.21/ 0.25̄0.26; lengths of antennal segments ĪIV 0.20̄0.24, 0.71̄0.76, 0.55̄0.58, 0.29̄0.32/ 0.21̄0.22, 0.70̄0.71, 0.54̄0.55, 0.29̄0.31; length of labium 1.15̄1.18/ 1.02̄1.05; mesal length of pronotum 0.40̄0.42/ 0.39̄0.40; basal width of pronotum 0.69̄0.71/ 0.69̄0.70; width across hemelytron 0.76̄0.82/ 0.88̄0.90; length of metafemora, tibiae and tarsus 0.80̄0.86, 1.18̄1.24, 0.30̄0.31/ 0.84̄0.86, 1.20̄1.21, 0.28̄0.29.

Distribution. China ( Hong Kong), India (Assam), Indonesia (Java), Japan (Kyushu, Ryukyus), Laos (Bolikhamsai, Vientine), Malaysia (Sabah Prov.), Myanmar (Yangon), Nepal * (Kaski) Philippines (Leyte, Luzon, Mindanao, Mindoro), Taiwan, Thailand (Chang Mai, Nakhon Nayok, Nakhon Ratchasima), Vietnam * (North). ( Schuh, 1984; Yasunaga & Duwal, 2015; Yasunaga et al., 2016: 385).

Specimens examined. JAPAN: Kyushu: 1♂, Amakusa , Tomoikashihi , 16.vi.1981, Esaki and Hori ( ELKU) . Ryukyus: Amami-Oshima Island: 4♂, Akagina , 17.vii.1954, S. Miyamoto and Y. Hirashima ( ELKU) ; 2♂, Akagina- Uno , 18.vii.1954, S. Miyamoto and Y. Hirashima ( ELKU) ; 1♂, Santaro-Toge , 26.vii.1954, S. Miyamoto and Y. Hirashima ( ELKU) ; 1♀, Naze (=Amami) City , 27.vii.1954, S. Miyamoto and Y. Hirashima ( ELKU) ; 1♂, Yuwan , 20̄ 21.vii.1954, S. Miyamoto and Y. Hirashima ( ELKU) . Okinawa Island: 15♂, Yona, Kunigami Village , 26.763100, 128.215965, on light trap, 20–25.v.1993, T. Yasunaga ( TYCN) . Ishigaki Island: 1♂, Omoto , 25.xi.1997, M. Yasunaga ( TYCN) ; 2♂, 3♀ [all females brachypterous], Akashi , 25.xi.1997, T. Yasunaga ( TYCN) . Iriomote Island: 8♂, 3♀, [all females brachypterous], Shirahama, T. Ishikawa ( TYCN) . Yonaguni Island: 1♂, 2♀ [all females brachypterous], Urabe-dake , 16.xi.1998, T. Ishikawa ( TYCN) . MYANMAR: Yangon: 1♂, Insein Township , 16.8786, 96.1022, on light trap, 10.iii.2015, T. Yasunaga ( TYCN) . NEPAL: Kaski: 1♂, Pokhara, Phewa Lake-side , on light trap, 22–23.viii.2006, T. Yasunaga & R.K. Duwal ( NMTU) . PHILIPPINES: Visayas: 2♂, Panay Island , Iloilo City, on light trap, 27̄ 30.v.1994, T. Yasunaga ( TYCN) . THAILAND: Nakhon Nayok: 2♂, Sarika , 14.287778, 101. 289444, on light trap, 15.xii.2011, T. Yasunaga ( TYCN) ; Nakhon Ratchasima: 10♂, Wang Nam Khieo, Sakaerat Environmental Research Station ( SERS), 14.508935, 101.954052, 410 m, on light trap, viii– x.2008, T. Yasunaga ( TYCN) . VIETNAM: Ninh Binh Province: 4♂, 2♀, Gia Vien, Cuc Phuong , 170̄ 370 m, on light trap, 10̄ 11.vii.1997, M. Tomokuni ( NSMT) .

Remarks. Poppius (1915) described Allodapus (= Hallodapus ) persimilis from Taiwan, and mentioned that it was separable from H. ravenar by the somewhat different coloration, larger eyes and longer antennae. However, both species are very similar to each other in external appearance and hallodapines often have great intraspecific variations in coloration and wing forms. This taxon had not been reported for a long time until Miyamoto (1966) illustrated detailed structure of the endosoma as H. persimilis based on a male from Taiwan. His illustration unequivocally fits what we conceive of as H. ravenar , which is widespread in the Oriental Region and southwestern Japan (strangely, no record of H. ravenar from Taiwan is present; see Schuh, 1984, Yasunaga & Duwal, 2015, Yasunaga et al., 2013b). Images for the lectotype of H. persimilis are now available on a website http://twinsecttype.nmns.edu.tw/specimen/?id=NMNS-HNHM-00043) maintained by National Museum of Natural Science, Taiwan (2017). We also cannot find any significant difference between our H. ravenar specimens and the holotype of H. persimilis . Therefore, we conclude both taxa are doubtlessly conspecific.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Habitus images of live adults and final-instar nymph (H) for Asian hallodapines. A. Hallodapus centrimaculatus, macropterous male. B. Ditto, macropterous female. C – D. Ditto, brachypterous female. E. H. ravenar, macropterous male. F. H. linnavuori, macropterous female. G – H. Wygomiris kaliyahae (G: female).

FIGURE 5. Dorsal images of Hallodapus spp. H. albofasciatus (A); H. centrimaculatus (B); H. kyushuensis (C); H. linnavuorii (D ̅ E); H. ravenar (F). Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 13. Male genital structures of Hallodapus ravenar (A ̅ G). Right paramere (A); Left paramere (B ̅ C); Phallotheca (D); Endosoma (E ̅ G). Scale bars: 0.2 mm, except for G: 0.1 mm.