PAROECANTHINI GOROCHOV, 1986 DEFIN.

Campos, Lucas Denadai De, Dias, Pedro Guilherme Barrios De Souza, Audino, Jorge Alves, Desutter-Grandcolas, Laure & Nihei, Silvio Shigueo, 2023, The fifth family of the true crickets (Insecta: Orthoptera: Ensifera: Grylloidea), Oecanthidae defin. nov.: phylogenetic relationships and divergence times, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 197 (4), pp. 1034-1077 : 1060

TRIBE PAROECANTHINI GOROCHOV, 1986 DEFIN. NOV.

Paroecanthini Gorochov, 1986 :516, Desutter, 1987: 235, Desutter, 1988: 369, Otte, 1994: 68, Gorochov, 2011: 217, Gorochov, 2017: 81, Campos, Souza-Dias & Nihei, 2020: 333, Campos & Desutter-Grandcolas, 2020: 356, Paroecanthina Gorochov, 2011:218, Gorochov, 2017: 81, Campos & Desutter-Grandcolas, 2020: 393.

Type genus: Paroecanthus Saussure, 1859 .

Distribution: Neotropics. Diagnosis: Small to medium-sized, body somewhat flattened dorso-ventrally, FWs well developed bearing stridulatory apparatus ( Fig. 17A ). TI inner tympanum generally profound, sometimes covered by a sclerotized tab (Supporting Information, Fig. S5I ); FWs stridulatory file bisinuous (Supporting Information, Fig. S3 Bc) with stridulatory teeth on proximal region; hv divided into two or more clusters ( Fig. 17B ); lateral field forming a> 90° angle with dorsal field (observed in posterior view, Supporting Information, Fig. S2J2 ). Male genitalia: generally reduced, mainly ectophallic invagination and endophallus ( Fig. 17C ; Supporting Information, Fig. S8B ) (except Adenophallusia de Mello & de Camargo e Mello, 1996 ); MedLophi frequently absent; r two or more times longer than pseudepiphallic sclerite ( Figs 17C , 20H, I ; Supporting Information, Fig. S8B ).

Included genera: Adenophallusia de Mello & de Camargo e Mello, 1996 (transferred from Tafaliscina ), Angustitrella Gorochov , 2 0 1 1, Bofana Otte & Perez-Gelabert, 2009 , Ectotrypa Saussure, 1874 , Paroecanthus Saussure, 1859 , Prodiatrypa Desutter, 1988 (transferred from Tafaliscina ), SelƲagryllus Otte, 2006 , Siccotrella Gorochov, 2011

Remarks: This tribe, recently transferred to Oecanthinae ( Campos & Desutter-Grandcolas, 2020) , was previously considered a tribe of Tafaliscinae ( Desutter, 1988) , corroborating in part with our results. The genus Prodiatrypa Desutter, 1988 has all the diagnostic characteristics of Paroecanthini , such as stridulatory veins bisinuous and regressed genital structures of males. Because of this, it is transferred to this tribe. Adenophallusia also has several Paroecanthini characters, like the bisinuous stridulatory file, the tip of the apex of the ovipositor rounded and the dorsal valves surface wrinkled. Besides, the phylogeny presented herein shows Adenophallusia belonging to the Paroecanthini clade. This relationship is not well supported. However, the morphological evidence indicates a close relationship between Adenophallusia and Paroecanthini crickets.

Figures

Figure 2. Diversity of Oecanthidae: A, Proturana subapterus, female (Euscyrtinae) (photo: Laure Desutter-Grandcolas); B, Oecanthus sp., male (Oecanthinae: Oecanthidi: Oecanthini) (photo: Marcos Fianco); C, Diatrypa sp., male (Oecanthinae: Diatrypidi) (photo: Neucir Szinwelski); D, Stenoecanthus planixiphus, male and female mating (Oecanthinae) (photo: Sylvain Hugel); E, Tafalisca hugeli, male (Tafaliscinae:Tafaliscidi) (photo: Sylvain Hugel); F, Apterotrypa mitarakensis, male (Tafaliscinae: Paroecanthidi: Neometrypini) (photo: Sylvain Hugel); G, Angustitrella sp., male (Tafaliscinae: Paroecanthidi: Paroecanthini) (photo: Pedro Souza-Dias); H, Phyllogryllus Ʋelutinus, male (Podoscirtinae: Hapithidi: Phyllogryllini) (photo: Lucas Denadai de Campos); I, Cearacesa sp., male (Podoscirtinae: Hapithidi: Cearacesaini) (photo: Lucas Denadai de Campos); J, Matuanus caledonicus, male (Podoscirtinae: Podoscirtidi: Aphonoidini) (photo: Hervé Jourdan); K, Adenopterus sp., female (Podoscirtinae:Podoscirtidi:Aphonoidini) (photo:Phillipe Grandcolas); L,Trulajlia hibinonis, male (Podoscirtinae: Podoscirtidi: Truljaliini) (photo: Masaki Ikeda, Wikipedia).

Figure 3. Time-calibrated phylogenetic tree of Oecanthidae. Divergence-time analysis under Bayesian inference based on four DNA markers and six fossil calibrating internal nodes (red asterisks). Red numbers are the mean ages of the nodes. Bars indicate 95% highest posterior density intervals for nodes of interest. Posterior probabilities different from 1 are indicated in black numbers on nodes. Inset A, lineages-through-time plot.

Figure 5. A, Euscyrtus aff. bipunctatus, male, dorsal habitus. Proturana subapterus: B, head and pronotum, lateral view; C, claw; D, ovipositor; dorsal view. Scales: 1mm.

Figure 8. Diatrypa (Diatrypa) tuberculata. A, female; B, male.

Figure 17. Angustitrella sp., male: A, dorsal habitus; B, right FW. C, Paroecanhtus aztecus, male genitalia, dorsal view. Scales: 1 mm. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.

Figure 20. A, Perutrella septentrionalis, male, head and pronotum, dorsal view; B, Veredatrypa rosai, apex of ovipositor, dorsal view (black arrows indicate the protuberances); Adenophallusia legendrei, male: C, right FW; D, supra-anal plate; E, genitalia, dorsal view; F, Ectotrypa olmeca, apex of ovipositor, dorsal view; G, Siccotrella modesta, male, right FW; H, SelƲagryllus sp., male genitalia, dorsal view; I, Siccotrella managua, male genitalia, dorsal view; J, Dicerorostrum diceros, fastigium, dorsal view (figure from Gorochov, 2017) (black arrow indicates the fastigium's modification). Scales: 1mm. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.