Lanceola loveni Bovallius, 1885

Zeidler, Wolfgang, 2009, A review of the hyperiidean amphipod superfamily Lanceoloidea Bowman & Gruner, 1973 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea), Zootaxa 2000, pp. 1-117 : 12-16

Lanceola loveni Bovallius

( Fig. 1)

Lanceola loveni Bovallius, 1885: 6–7 . Bovallius 1887a: 6; 1887b: 553–554; 1887c: 36–38, pl. 5, figs 24–26, pl. 6, figs 1–13. Hansen 1888: 55. Stephensen 1913: 94; 1923: 3. Schellenberg 1927: 598–599, fig. 8. Stephensen 1932: 376 (list). Shoemaker 1945: 206–209, figs 15, 16 A–F. Vinogradov 1956: 195; 1957: 190; 1960a: 205–206, fig. 3d; 1964: 110–111; 1970: 384 (table). Thurston 1973: 334–335. Lorz & Pearcy 1975:1444 (table). Thurston 1976: 401–402. Brusca 1981: 8 (list), 38, fig. 3b,c. Vinogradov et al. 1982: 61–63, fig. 11. Barkhatov & Vinogradov 1988: 245 (table). Vinogradov 1990: 50; 1991: 261 (table). Zeidler 1992: 89–90, fig. 2. Lavaniegos & Ohman 1999: 493 (table). Vinogradov 1999: 1146 (table), 1170, fig. 4.37. Gates et al. 2003: 318. Browne et al. 2007: 819 (table), fig. 4.

Lanceola aestiva Stebbing, 1888: 1309–1313 (part). Tattersall 1906: 17. Stephensen 1918: 15. Chevreux 1920: 3. Stephensen 1923: 5. Schellenberg 1927: 598, fig. 7. Woltereck 1927: 64. Barnard 1932: 255. Stephensen 1932: 376 (list); 1933: 67. Chevreux 1935: 136. Bulycheva 1955: 1048 (table). Hurley 1956: 4. Thurston 1973: 334–335.

Type material. According to Bovallius (1887b) he only had one specimen, measuring 22 mm, from the ZMUC collections; from “off the west-coast of Greenland ”, but later (1887c) he says “mouth of Davis Strait”. The ZMUC has one immature female specimen in its type collection labeled “David Strait, Insp. Möller, June 1843 ” (CRU–7146) which corresponds to the description of the unique type of Bovallius (1885). In the absence of any other likely type material in the ZMUC or SMNH, this specimen is regarded as the holotype and is figured here ( Fig. 1).

Type material of synonyms. The type material of L. aestiva is in the BMNH (89.5.15.188) and represents two species. The specimen from Challenger Stn. 106 is L. loveni and the specimen from Challenger Stn. 120 has been selected as the lectotype of Scypholanceola aestiva ( Stebbing, 1888) by Thurston (1973).

Material examined. Types. The holotype of L. loveni and L. aestiva as detailed above.

Other material examined. North-East Atlantic: Female ( BMNH 1911.11.8.11695); 60 miles off Tearaght Co. Kerry, Ireland; Norman Coln. , 1906; 700 fathoms. Female ( BMNH 1905.3.8.40); Bay of Biscay ; Fowler Coln. Male ( BMNH 1936.11.2.2509); off Senegal [13°01’N 21°34’W]; Discovery Stn. 298, 900–1200 (-0)m, 29 Aug. 1927 . Male, juvenile ( ZMB 21326 + 7), near Gulf of Guinea [00°46’N 18°47’W]; col. by Gauss (Deutschen Südpolar Exped.), vert. 3000 m, 10 Sept. 1903 . Juvenile ( ZMUC); N. off Madeira [33°26’N 16°59’W]; Dana Stn. 1142 VII , 4000 mw, 15 Oct. 1921 . Female ( ZMUC); N. off Cape Verde Is. [17°55’N 24°35’W]; Dana Stn. 1159 , 3500–0 mw, 29 Oct. 1921 . Seven males, eleven juveniles ( ZMUC); off Senegal [13°31’N 18°03’W]; Dana Stns 4005 II, III, IV, VIII & IX 300–3500 mw, 12 Mar. 1930 . Male ( ZMUC); off Senegal [18°22’N 18°14’W]; Dana Stn. 4007 X, 2500 mw, 15 Mar. 1930 . Two males ( ZMUC); Bay of Biscay [44°01’N 09°13’W]; Dana Stn. 4157 II, 950 mw, 16 Jun. 1930 . Thirty juveniles ( ZMUC); Bay of Biscay [46°28’N 08°01’W]; Dana Stns 4158 XIII, XIV, XV & XXII, 950–6500 mw, 18 Jun. 1930 . Specimens examined by Stephensen (1918); col. by Thor (ZMUC) . North-West Atlantic: Male ( ZMUC); near mouth of Davis Strait [62°19’N 56°00’W]; Godthaab Stn. 24, 2550 m, 14 Jun. 1928 . Male ( ZMUC); Caribbean Sea [13°46’N 61°26’W]; Dana Stn. 1183 XI , 24 Nov. 1921 . Male ( ZMUC); W. of Caribbean Sea [17°41’N 60°58’W]; Dana Stn. 1185 , 4500–0 m, 17 Nov. 1921 . Male ( ZMUC); Caribbean Sea [18°50’N 79°07’W]; Dana Stn. 1217 I, 4000 mw, 29 Jan. 1922 . Juvenile ( ZMUC); N. of Cuba [23°13’N 82°21’W]; Dana Stn. 1230 II, 1200 mw, 5 Feb. 1922 . Male ( ZMUC); N. of Cuba [21º04’N 73º48’W]; Dana Stn. 1243 II , 600 mw, 16 Feb. 1922 . Male ( ZMUC); N. of Dominican Republic [19°04’N 65°43’W]; Dana Stn. 1261 VI , 4500 mw, 9 Mar. 1922 . South-East Atlantic: Juvenile ( ZMB 21325); S. of Gulf of Guinea [08°43’S 11°55’W]; col. by Gauss (Deutschen Südpolar Exped.), vert. 3000 m, 10 Sept. 1903 . Three males ( ZMUC); off South Africa [30°15’S 13°15’E]; Dana Stns 3978 VIII & XI, 3000 & 1000 mw, 13 Feb. 1930 . Two juveniles ( ZMUC); off South Africa [27º10’S 08°59’E]; Dana Stn. 3979 V, 50 mw, 15 Feb. 1930 . Three juveniles ( ZMUC); off South Africa [23°26’S 03°36’E]; Dana Stn. 3980 IX, 3000 mw, 17 Feb. 1930 . One male, two juveniles ( ZMUC); near St. Helena [15°41’S 05°50’W]; Dana Stns 3996 II & III, 3000 & 2000 mw, 25 Feb. 1930 . Two males, one juvenile ( ZMUC); S.W. of Gulf of Guinea [07°34’S 08°48’W]; Dana Stns 3998 IX & X, 3000 & 2000 mw, 1 Mar. 1930 . Three females, one juvenile ( ZMUC); W. of Gulf of Guinea [00°31’S 11°02’W]; Dana Stns 4000 VI, VII & X, 6000, 5000 & 3000 mw, 4 Mar. 1930 . North-East Pacific: One juvenile ( SAMA C6250 ); off British Columbia [52°29.01’N 145°84’W] ex. M. Galbraith, 1200 m, 20 Jul. 2002 . Male ( SAMA C6251 ); off British Columbia [50°12.23’N 144°48.11’W]; ex. M. Galbraith, 1000–0 m, 11 Jun. 2005 . Female ( ZMUC); Gulf of Panama [06°49’N 80°25’W]; Dana Stn. 1205 III , 400 mw, 14 Jan. 1922 . Ten males, nine juveniles ( ZMUC); Gulf of Panama [06°48’N 80°33’W]; Dana Stns 1208 I, V, VI, VIII, XIV & XVI, 1000–3100 mw, 16 Jun. 1922 . Ten males ( ZMUC); Gulf of Panama [07º06’N 79º55’W]; Dana Stn. 3548 III, 2000 mw, 3 Sept. 1928 . Six males, five juveniles ( ZMUC); Gulf of Panama [07º16’N 78º30’W]; Dana Stns 3549 V & VI, 3000 & 2000 mw, 4 Sept. 1928 . Male ( ZMUC); near Cocos Is [02º52’S 87º38’W]; Dana Stn. 3556II, 2000 mw, 14 Sept. 1928 . North-West Pacific: Three juveniles ( ZMUC); South China Sea [06º55’N 114º02’E]; Dana Stns 3688 III & IV, 3000 & 2000 mw, 8 Apr. 1929 . Two females, male, juvenile ( ZMUC); South China Sea [07º13.5’N 111º49’E]; Dana Stn. 3689 II & IV, 2500 & 1500 mw, 9 Apr. 1929 . Male ( ZMUC); E of Luzon [14º37’N 119º52’E]; Dana Stn. 3731 XII, 2500 mw, 17 Jun. 1929 . South-East Pacific: Three females, four juveniles ( ZMUC); S.E. of Galapogos Is. [04º20’S 116º46’W]; Dana Stn. 3561 II & III, 4000 & 3000 mw, 24 Sept. 1928 . South-West Pacific: Male ( AM P39753), Tasman Sea [34º03’S 152º14’E]; Stn. JP 71–8, 600 m, 25–26 Mar. 1971 . Male , two juveniles ( ZMUC); N. of New Zealand [30º08’S 176º50’E]; Dana Stn. 3627 II & IV 4000 & 2000 mw, 14 Dec. 1928 . One juvenile ( ZMUC); N. of New Zealand [35º40’S 176º40’E]; Dana Stn. 3631 II, 1000 mw, 18 Dec. 1928 . Three males ( ZMUC); E. of New Zealand [41º47’S 176º55’E]; Dana Stn. 3640 VII, 2500 mw, 7 Jan. 1929 . Male ( ZMUC); Tasman Sea [33º26’S 157º02’E]; Dana Stn. 3656 II, 4000 mw, 29 Jan. 1929 . Male ( ZMUC); Tasman Sea [33º33’S 154º04’E]; Dana Stn. 3663 III, 3000 mw, 23 Feb. 1929 . Female ( ZMUC); N. of Irianjaya [01º20’S 138º42’E]; Dana Stn. 3768 IV, 2500 mw, 24 Jul. 1929 . Central South Pacific: Male ( ZMUC); near Samoa [11º00’S 172º37’W]; Dana Stn. 3587 II, 4000 mw, 2 Nov. 1928 . Male ( ZMUC); near Fiji [17º27’S 179º33’E]; Dana Stn. 3593 II, 2700 mw, 10 Nov. 1928 . Indo-Pacific: Juvenile ( BMNH 1971 /299); Arafura Sea [08º18’S 135º07’E]; Challenger Stn. 190, surface, 13 Sept. 1874 . East Indian: Juvenile ( ZMUC); S. of Nicobar Is. [05º59’N 92º29’E]; Dana Stn. 3893 VI, 800 mw, 6 Nov. 1929 . Juvenile ( ZMUC); S. of Nicobar Is. [05º50’N 93º28’E]; Dana Stn. 3903 V, 50 mw, 17 Nov. 1929 . Female ( ZMUC); S.W. of Nicobar Is. [05º18’N 90º55’E]; Dana Stn. 3904 IV, 2000 mw, 18 Nov. 1929 . Male ( ZMUC); S. of Sri Lanka [05º21’N 80º38’E]; Dana Stn. 3909 II, 4000 mw, 22 Nov. 1929 . Male ( ZMUC); S. of Maldives [01º45’N 71º05’E]; Dana Stn. 3917 V, 1200 mw, 15 Dec. 1929 . West Indian: Female ( ZMUC); off Durban , South Africa [30º42’S 34º58’E]; Galathea Stn. 199, 1500–1700 m, 16 Feb. 1951 . Male ( ZMUC); N. of Seychelles [01º06’S 62º25’E]; Dana Stn. 3920 IV, 2500 mw, 9 Dec. 1929 . Male , female ( ZMUC); N. of Madagascar [11º18’S 50º03’E]; Dana Stn. 3933 I, 4000 mw, 20 Dec. 1929 . Juvenile ( ZMUC); S. of Mozambique Channel [25º19’S 36º13’E]; Dana Stn. 3964 VII, 2500 mw, 15 Jan. 1930 .

Diagnosis. Body length can reach 30 mm with specimens sexually mature at 15 mm. Cuticle more delicate and transparent than for other species of Lanceola . Distal corner of pereonite 7 and pleonites sometimes produced into small dorsal denticle. Head with short, rounded rostrum, appearing sharp from lateral perspective. Eyes small, reniform, without crystalline cones. Antennae 1 slightly longer than head and first pereonite combined; terminal article rounded, slightly longer than either preceding two. Antennae 2 length twice A1, almost as long as head and first 2.5 pereonites. Pereopods all relatively slender. Pereopod 3 similar to, but slightly longer than, P4; basis length 1.3–1.5x merus; merus slightly longer than propodus; carpus slightly shorter than propodus; dactylus length about 0.2x propodus. Pereopods 5–7 with retractile, fully hooded dactyls. Pereopod 5 slender, length about 1.3x P4; basis length almost 1.2x merus; carpus length 0.7x merus, slightly longer than propodus. Pereopod 6 slightly longer than P5, almost as long as pereon and pleon combined; basis length about 1.2x merus; propodus only slightly shorter than merus, about 1.3x length carpus. Pereopod 7 about half-length P6; basis length about 1.8x merus; propodus slightly longer than merus, about 1.4x length carpus. Peduncles and rami of urosome relatively slender. Peduncle of U1 slightly exceeds limit of peduncle of U2. Uropod 3; peduncle width about 0.3x length. Telson usually acute; length about half peduncle of U3.

Colour, according to water-colour painting by K. Stephensen (in ZMUC) of living male from Dana Stn. 1185 ; mainly translucent with pale-pink urosome, G1 and P3–6; gnathopod 2 and P7 with pale-pink carpusdactylus; mouthparts and abdomen light-brown.

Remarks. This species is almost identical to Scypholanceola aestiva ( Stebbing, 1888) , except for the structure of the eyes, and the two species are often confused, even in current museum collections. Therefore, when identifying Lanceola specimens with a short telson it is important to first examine the eyes to make sure that they do not belong to Scypholanceola .

Lanceola loveni is readily distinguished from its congeners by the relatively short telson, slender pereopods and the relatively long sixth pereopods. In most other species the telson is usually slightly longer or shorter than the peduncle of uropod 3 and rarely shorter than about two-thirds of the peduncle of uropod 3. It resembles L. serrata Bovallius, 1885 in the slender pereopods and in that the pleonites and some distal pereonites are sometimes produced into dorsal denticles, but L. serrata is readily distinguished by the relatively broad distal margin of the carpus of the first gnathopoda.

Two sub-species are currently recognized, L. loveni grossipes Shoemaker, 1945 and L. loveni antarctica Vinogradov, 1962 . Both attain a larger size than the typical form, which reaches sexual maturity at 15–23 mm.

Distribution. This species is relatively common in the tropical regions of all the world’s oceans, particularly the Atlantic, judging by the Dana collections. The northernmost records are from Davis Strait (type locality) and the Bering Sea ( Vinogradov 1956). It seems to be a deep-water species known from depths ranging from 500–4000 m but appears to be most common in hauls from 1000–2000 m ( Vinogradov et al. 1982). A few ZMUC records are from near the surface.