Lanceola clausi Bovallius

Zeidler, Wolfgang, 2009, A review of the hyperiidean amphipod superfamily Lanceoloidea Bowman & Gruner, 1973 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea), Zootaxa 2000, pp. 1-117 : 31-36

Lanceola clausi Bovallius

( Figs 7–9)

Lanceola clausi Bovallius, 1885: 8 . Bovallius 1887a: 6, 1887b: 553, pl. 41, figs 11–14; 1887c: 40–42, pl. 4, figs 14–23. Hansen 1888: 55. Sars 1900: 15–19, pl. 1. Chevreux 1920: 3–4. Stephensen 1913: 93; 1923: 4. Schellenberg 1927: 596, fig. 4. Woltereck 1927: 65. Pirlot 1929: 43. Barnard 1930: 397–398. Stephensen 1932: 376 (list); 1933: 67. Chevreaux 1935: 136–137. Shoemaker 1945: 209–212, figs 17, 18. Bulycheva 1955 1048 (table). Vinogradov 1956: 195; 1957: 193; 1960a: 207; 1962: 6, fig. 5b; 1964: 111–112. Hurley 1969: 33. Dick 1970: 29 (key). Vinogradov 1970: 384 (table). Vinogradov et al. 1982: 67–68, 70, fig. 16. Vinogradov 1990: 50–51; 1991: 261 (table); 1992: 325. De Broyer & Jazdzewski 1993: 109. Vingradov 1999: 1146 (table), 1170, fig. 4.35.

Type material. Bovallius (1885) gives the type locality as “Davis Strait” but does not specify the sex or number of specimens examined. Later (1887b) he illustrates a female measuring 16 mm from the SMNH and gives the locality as “Davis Strait at Lat. 72ºN (Exp. of Sofia)”; information which is more or less repeated in his monograph (1887c), adding that he has “seen only the female”. The SMNH does not have any material of L. clausi with this locality data, nor does the ZMUC and the type material of L. clausi must be considered lost. Fortunately the description and figures provided by Bovallius (1887b,c) are sufficient to characterize the species. An ovigerous specimen (12.2 m) from near the type locality is illustrated here ( Fig. 7) and used in the diagnosis.

Material examined. North-East Atlantic: Two males, two females, two juveniles ( ZMUC); W. of Sierra Leone [08º26’N 15º11’W]; Dana Stns 4003 II–IV, 4000 & 3000 mw, 9 Mar. 1930 . Two males, seven females, three juveniles ( ZMUC); W. of Senegal [13º31’N 18º03’W]; Dana Stn. 4005 II, 300 mw, 12 Mar. 1930 . Juvenile ( ZMUC); Bay of Biscay [46º28’N 08º01’W]; Dana Stn. 4158 XXII, 5500 mw, 17 Jun. 1930 . North- West Atlantic : Female, juvenile ( ZMUC); near Davis Strait [56º56’N 57º17’W]; Godthaab Stn. 20, 3500 m, 3 Jun. 1928 . Two females, juvenile ( ZMUC CRU-9918); Davis Strait [62º19’N 56º00’W]; Godthaab Stn. 24, 2550 m, 14 Jun. 1928 . Forty-six specimens ( ZMUC CRU-9917); Davis Strait [69º50’N 61º36’W]; Godthaab Stn. 54, 3000 mw, 14 Jul. 1928 . Nineteen specimens ( ZMUC); Davis Strait [74º50’N 69º00’W]; Godthaab Stn. 136, 1510 m, 28 Aug. 1928 . Eleven specimens ( ZMUC); Davis Strait [67º42’N 60º31’N]; Godthaab Stn. 162, 1500 m, 14 Sept. 1928 . South-East Atlantic : Six males, two females, four juveniles ( ZMUC); off Gabon [04º00’S 08º25’E]; Galathea Stn. 66, 6300 mw, 5 Dec. 1950 . Female ( ZMUC); off South Africa [30º15’S 13º15’E]; Dana Stn. 3978 VII, 4000 mw, 13 Feb. 1930 . Four females ( ZMUC); off South Africa [23º26’S 03º56’E]; Dana Stn. 3980 VIII, 4000 mw, 17 Feb. 1930 . Two juveniles ( ZMUC); S. of St Helena [15º41’S 05º50’W]; Dana Stn. 3996 III, 2000 mw, 25 Feb. 1930 . Female , juvenile ( ZMUC); S. of Liberia [00º31’S 11º02’W]; Dana Stns 4000 VII & IX, 5000 & 3000 mw, 4 Mar. 1930 . Male ( ZMB 21328); near Trista Da Cunha [35º39’S 08º16’E]; vert. 3000 m, 16 Nov. 1901 . North-East Pacific : Juvenile ( SAMA C6259 ), [49°58.1’N 144°50.2’W]; ex. M.Galbraith, 1200m, 8 Jul. 1998 . Three males, female ( SAMA C6260 ); [50°12.23’N 144°48.11’W]; ex. M. Galbraith, 1000–0 m, 11 Jun. 2005 . Male , five females ( ZMUC); Gulf of Panama [06°48’N 80°33’N]; Dana Stns 1208 V, VI & XIV; 3000, 2500 & 3100 mw, 16 Jun. 1922 . Two males, female, juvenile ( ZMUC); Gulf of Panama [07°06’N 79°55’W]; Dana Stns 3548 II & III; 3000 & 2000 mw, 3 Sept. 1928 . Female ( ZMUC); Gulf of Panama [07°16’N 78°30’W]; Dana Stn. 3549 VI; 2000 mw, 4 Sept. 1928 . North-West Pacific : Four males, eight females, juvenile ( Japan Agency , Marine Science & Tech, Yokosuka ); Suruga Bay , Japan [34°32’N 138°32’E]; col. D. J. Lindsay, 1200–1300 m, 2004. Juvenile ( ZMUC); South China Sea [06°55’N 114°02’E]; Dana Stn. 3688 IV, 2000 mw, 8 Apr. 1929 . Female ( ZMUC); South China Sea [07°13.5’N 111°49’E]; Dana Stn. 3689 II, 2500 mw, 9 Apr. 1929 . South-East Pacific : Juvenile ( ZMUC); S.E. of Panama [00°18’S 99°07’W]; Dana Stn. 3558 III, 2000 mw, 18 Sept. 1928 . Male , female, four juveniles ( ZMUC); S.E. of Galapagos Is. [04°20’S 116°46’W]; Dana Stns 3561 II & IV, 4000 & 2000 mw, 24 Sept. 1928 . South-West Pacific : Two females ( BMNH 1930.8.1.425–26); Southern Ocean [71°41’S 166°47’W]; Terra Nova Stn. 276, 0–1750 m, 5 Jan. 1913 . Two males, two females, six juveniles ( ZMUC); N. of New Zealand [30°08’S 176°50’E]; Dana Stns 3627 II & III, 4000 & 3000 mw, 14 Dec. 1928 . Male , two females ( ZMUC); N. of New Zealand [34°24’S 178°42.5’E]; Dana Stn. 3630 II, 2000 mw, 17 Dec. 1928 . Two juveniles ( ZMUC); E. of New Zealand [46º43’S 176°8.5’E]; Dana Stn 3642 II, 2500 mw, 9 Jan. 1929 . Central South Pacific : Male, three females, two juveniles ( ZMUC); N. of Cook Is. [18°53’S 163°02.5’W]; Dana Stns 3580 VII & IX, 4000 & 2000 mw, 25 Oct. 1928 . Juvenile ( ZMUC), near Samoa [11°00’S 172°37’W]; Dana Stn. 3587 II, 4000 mw, 2 Nov. 1928 . Female , juvenile ( ZMUC); E. of New Caledonia [20°00’S 174°29’E]; Dana Stn. 3602 VII, 3000 mw, 22 Nov. 1928 . Two males, three females, two juveniles ( ZMUC); N. of New Zealand [25°47’S 172°24’E]; Dana Stns 3621 III & IV; 3000 & 2000 mw, 8 Dec. 1928 . Two females, juvenile ( ZMUC); N. of New Zealand [28°17.6’S 177°01’E]; Dana Stns 3624 II & III, 4000 & 3000 mw, 10 Dec. 1928 . East Indian : Female, juvenile ( ZMUC); near Cocos Is. [12°02’S 96°43’E]; Dana Stn. 3847 IV, 2000 mw, 11 Oct. 1929 . Male ( ZMUC); S. of Sri Lanka [05º21’N 80º38’E]; Dana Stn. 3909 II, 4000 mw, 22 Nov. 1929 . West Indian : Female ( ZMB 21329); Southern Ocean [66º02’S 89º38’E]; 350 m, 9 Jan. 1903 . Female , four juveniles ( ZMB 21330); Southern Ocean [65º03’S 85º04’E]; 6 Mar. 1903 . Male ( ZMUC); N. of Madagascar [11º18’S 50º03’E]; Dana Stn. 3933 III, 3000 mw, 20 Dec. 1929 . Male ( ZMUC); S. of Mozambique Channel [25º19’S 36º13’E]; Dana Stn. 3964 VI, 3000 mw, 15 Jan. 1930 . Antartica: Female ( SAMA C6261 ); Prydz Bay [67º53.95’–55.52’S 71º04.09–06.50’E]; RSV Aurora Australis , 299– 211 m, 7 Feb. 1991 . Two females ( SAMA C6262 ); Prydz Bay [68º33.21’–31.58’S 73º32.13’–30.51’E]; RSV Aurora Australis , 461– 445 m, 26 Jan. 1991 .

Diagnosis. Body length recorded up to 20 mm but sexually mature at about 10 mm. Head without rostrum. Eyes small, reniform, without crystalline cones. Antennae 1 as long as head and first pereonite combined; terminal article elongate, slightly longer than twice preceding article. Antennae 2 relatively short, slightly longer than, or subequal in length, to A1. Pereopod 3 similar to P4 except carpus is relatively shorter (only slightly shorter than propodus in P4); basis length about twice merus; carpus length 1.2–1.3x merus and about 0.8x propodus; dactylus short, length slightly more than 0.2x propodus. Pereopods 5–7 with rectractile, fully hooded dactyls. Pereopod 5 slightly shorter than P4; basis length 1.7x merus; carpus slightly longer than merus; propodus slightly longer than carpus. Pereopod 6 slightly longer than P5; relative lengths of articles similar to P5. Pereopod 7; length about 0.8x P6; basis length 2.2x merus; carpus slightly longer than merus; propodus length 1.3x carpus. Peduncle of U1 does not exceed limit of peduncle of U2. Uropod 3; peduncle and inner ramus relatively broad; peduncle width 0.6–0.7x length. Telson pointed; length 0.6–0.8x peduncle of U3.

Colour, according to Vinogradov et al. (1982); whitish pink, sometimes orange.

Remarks. This is one of the smaller species of Lanceola distinguished by having relatively short antennae and relatively short pereopods 5–7, with pereopod 7 only slightly shorter than pereopod 6.

Many of the characters than distinguish L. clausi are more variable than in other species, particularly the length of the telson (figs 7 & 8) and the shape and relative lengths of the articles of the gnathopoda and pereopoda. Therefore, the above diagnosis is based primarily on a female specimen from near the type locality (fig. 7). One lot of specimens from the central South Pacific ( Dana Stn. 3580 IX) consists of a juvenile which is like the typical form but includes a male and three females with more slender gnathopods and pereopods (fig. 8). Also, in these specimens pereopods 5 & 6 are longer than pereopod 4 and the propodus of pereopods 5–7 is relatively longer, otherwise they are like the typical form.

Two sub-species are currently recognized, L. clausi pirloti Shoemaker, 1945 and L. clausi gracilis Vinogradov, 1956 .

Distribution. This is one of the most widespread species of Lanceola , known from many records from the tropical and cold-water regions of all the world’s oceans. It is the only species of Lanceola found in the Arctic Basin, and in Antarctic waters it has been found right up to the coast of Antarctica. It seems to inhabit a wide range of depths, from 200–500 m to 5500 m or more, but more often at depths of 1000–3000 m ( Vinogradov et al. 1982).