Megaphyllum projectum projectum Verhoeff, 1894

Lazányi, Eszter & Vagalinski, Boyan, 2013, Redefinition of the millipede subgenus Megaphyllum sensu stricto Verhoeff, 1894 and neotype designation for Megaphyllum austriacum (Latzel, 1884) (Myriapoda: Diplopoda: Julida: Julidae), Zootaxa 3741 (1), pp. 55-100 : 64-65

Megaphyllum projectum projectum Verhoeff, 1894

Figs 4j–l

Julus austriacus: Latzel 1884: 296 –300, partim.

Megaphyllum projectum Verhoeff, 1894 : Verhoeff 1894d: 323–324, no figures. Brachyiulus austriacus Latz. ssp. projectus: Verhoeff 1896 a: Figs 27–28. Brachyiulus projectus: Verhoeff 1897b: 111 –112.

Brachyiulus projectus var. alticolus Verhoeff, 1897b: 112 , Fig. III. Brachyiulus projectus alticolus: Verhoeff 1907: 303 , 305, Figs 10–12 . Brachyiulus projectus dioritanus Verhoeff, 1907: 303 , 305, Figs 5–8 . Brachyiulus projectus kochi Verhoeff, 1907: 302 , 304, Figs 3 , 9 partim. Chromatoiulus projectus projectus: Attems 1929: 331 .

Chromatoiulus (Chromatoiulus) projectus projectus: Lokšina & Golovatch 1979: 385 . Chromatoiulus (Chromatoiulus) projectus: Attems 1940: 306 .

Chromatoiulus proiectus: Haacker & Fuchs 1972: 191 .

Chromatoiulus projectus: Strasser 1966a: 210 .

Brachyiulus projectus dioritanus: Verhoeff 1927: 121 .

Chromatoiulus projectus dioritanus: Schubart 1934a: 280 , Fig. 437. Chromatoiulus projectus var. dioritanus: Szalay 1940: 8 –9; 1943: 141–142. Megaphyllum projectum dioritanum: Korsós 1994: 38 .

Megaphyllum projectus dioritanus: Giurginca et al. 2007: 236 .

Megaphyllum (Chromatoiulus) projectus dioritanus: Gulička 1985a: 120 . Megaphyllum projectum: Hoffman 1980: 104 ; Enghoff & Kime 2009. Megaphyllum projectum projectum: Lazányi & Korsós 2011: 45 –49, Figs 1–8 ; 2012: 4, 21, 40.

Material examined. Inv. Nr. 8133, 4♂, Ungarn, Siebenbürgen, Kroatien, [ Hungary, Romania and Croatia], 1919, don. Latzel, Ch. austriacus sensu Latzel det. Attems (NHMW); Hungary: 1♂, 1♀, Fényi-erdő, Bátorliget, from under barks, leaf-litter sifting and singling, 2011.05.28., leg. Novák J. (HNHM); Romania: 1♂, 1juv., Medgyes [Mediaş], leg. Dr. Tömösváry Ö., 830/1888, Rev. Loksa 55/1955 (HNHM); Serbia: ZMB 1846: 2♂, 4♀, 13 juv., Julus austriacus Syntypen, “ J. fasciatus C. L. Koch Name ungiltig!”, Serbien (MNB); Slovakia: 1♂, Körtvélyes [Hrušov], leg. Raisz G., 830/1888, Julus austriacus var. nigrescens det. Dr. Daday, Revid. Loksa 56/1955 (HNHM).

Distribution. Austria: Graz (type locality) Innsbruck, Isel (Thaler et al. 1993), Feldbach, Gleisdorf, Oberaudorf (Lazányi & Korsós 2011); Croatia: Vidovec, Želesnica, Tužno (Attems 1929); Istria (Lazányi & Korsós 2011); Germany: Grünkopf, Partenkirchen (Lazányi & Korsós 2011); Hungary: (Loksa 1984, Korsós 1994) Nagy-Szénás (Sallai 1992); Bátorliget (Szlávecz & Loksa 1992); Aggteleki National Park (Lazányi & Korsós 2009); Misina and Tubes (Gebhardt 1964); Mecsek (Gebhardt 1966); Bükk (Loksa 1968b); Bakony (Loksa 1971); Pilis (Loksa 1988); Kecske cave (Szalay 1940); Kőszegi Mts (Szalay 1943); Italy: Vipiteno (Lazányi & Korsós 2011); Republic of Moldova: Brǎseu, Socola, Bǎrnova (Jawłowski 1935); Romania: Făgăraş (Gava 2004); Judeţul Vrancea (Tăbăcaru 1976); Podu Olt (Ceuca et al. 1983); Valea Arieşului (Crişan 1999); Slovakia: Kremnica (Lazányi & Korsós 2011); Slovenia: Lower Carniolan (Dolenjska) hillside and Gorjanci Mt. (Strasser 1966a).

Diagnosis. Differs from the most similar subspecies M. p. kochi by having larger and more bulging promeres (P) (see Fig. 4j in comparison with 4e) and better developed apical serrated lobe (sl) of the promere—discernible not only from posterior but also from meso-posterior view ( Fig. 4j ).

Both processes of the opisthomere ( Fig. 4k ) (ap and pp) well-developed; the solenomere’s posterior process (psp) generally elongated, mostly—at least slightly, depending on individual variation—longer than the anterior process (asp).

Body length and height: males: 25.9–53.9mm, 1.8–3.2mm; females: 30–51.9mm, 2.6–4.2mm.

Remarks. Nominotypical subspecies of the Megaphyllum type species, distributed in the southern half of the species’ distribution range, with a northern border formed by the Carpathians and the Alps; its taxonomic status has been recently clarified by Lazányi & Korsós (2011).

Figures

FIGURES 4 a – l. Megaphyllum projectum. (4 a – d) M. p. deubeli male from Băile Borşa, Maramureş Mts, Romania: right gonopods, (4 a) posterior and (4 b) mesal views; (4 c) left promere, meso-posterior view; (4 d) left opisthomere, lateral view. (4 e and 4 g – i) Megaphyllum projectum kochi male from Bukova, Malé Karpaty, Slovakia: (4 e) gonopods, posterior view; penis, (4 g) posterior and (4 h) right lateral views. (4 i) M. p. kochi female from Sanssouci, Germany: right vulva, posterior view (setae omitted). (4 f and 4 j – l) M. p. projectum male [originally Julus austriacus syntype, ZMB 1846]: (4 f) right gonopods, lateral view; (4 j) gonopods, posterior view; (4 k) right gonopods, mesal view. (4 l) M. p. projectum female from Haragistya, Aggtelek National Park, Hungary: right vulva, posterior view (setae omitted). Abbreviations: ap: anterior process, asp: anterior process of the solenomere, ca: central ampulla, ct: connecting tube; pa: posterior ampulla, pp: posterior process, psp: posterior process of the solenomere, sl: serrated lobe, P: promere. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 10 a – g. Megaphyllum glossulifer males and a female from Rhodopi Mts, Bulgaria: (10 a) gonopods, posterior view; (10 b) left gonopods, mesal view; (10 c) left promere, meso-posterior view; (10 d) left opisthomere, lateral view; penis, (10 e) posterior and (10 f) left lateral views; (10 g) left vulva, meso-posterior view (setae omitted). Abbreviations: asp: anterior process of the solenomere, ca: central ampulla, ct: connecting tube; pa: posterior ampulla, pp: posterior process, psp: posterior process of the solenomere, P: promere. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 11 a – g. Megaphyllum monticola. Males from Korakas Mts, Greece, ZMB 1300: (11 a) gonopods, posterior view and (11 b) right gonopods, mesal view and (11 c) left promere, meso-posterior view. Males from Ostrovo, Greece, Inv. No. 8019: (11 d) Right opisthomere, lateral view, penis, (11 e) posterior and (11 f) right lateral views, (11 f *) another, bent penis, left lateral view. (11 g) Left vulva, posterior view, female from Korakas Mts, Greece (setae omitted). Abbreviations: asp: anterior process of the solenomere, ca: central ampulla, ct: connecting tube; op: operculum, pa: posterior ampulla, ph: posterior hump, pp: posterior process, psp: posterior process of the solenomere, P: promere. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 12 a – g. Megaphyllum bosniense. Syntype male from Bosnia, ZMB 2625: (12 a) gonopods, posterior view; (12 b) left gonopods, mesal view; (12 c) right promere, meso-posterior view; (12 d) left opisthomere, meso-posterior view. Male from Treskavac Mts, Montenegro: penis, (12 e) posterior and (12 f) right lateral views. Female from Maljen Mts, Serbia: (12 g) left vulva, meso-posterior view (setae omitted). Abbreviations: asp: anterior process of the solenomere, ca: central ampulla, ct: connecting tube; pa: posterior ampulla, ph: posterior hump, pp: posterior process, psp: posterior process of the solenomere, P: promere. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 5 a – g. Megaphyllum silvaticum. (5 a) Gonopods, posterior view of a male from Begurje, Slovenia; (5 b) left gonopods, mesal view of a male from Staţiunea Borşa, Rodna Mts, Romania; an other male from the same locality: (5 c) left promere, meso-posterior view; (5 d) left opisthomere, lateral view. Penis of the above mentioned Slovenian male, (5 e) posterior and (5 f) right lateral views. (5 g) Left vulva of a female from the above mentioned Romanian locality, posterior view (setae omitted). Abbreviations: ap: anterior process, asp: anterior process of the solenomere, ca: central ampulla, ct: connecting tube; pa: posterior ampulla, pp: posterior process, psp: posterior process of the solenomere, P: promere. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 7 a – g. Megaphyllum carniolense males and a female from Biogradsko Jezero, Montenegro: (7 a) gonopods, posterior view; (7 b) right gonopods, mesal view; (7 c) left promere, meso-posterior view; (7 d) left opisthomere, lateral view; penis, (7 e) posterior and (7 f) right lateral views; (7 g) left vulva, posterior view (setae omitted). Abbreviations: asp: anterior process of the solenomere, ca: central ampulla, ct: connecting tube; pa: posterior ampulla, ph: posterior hump, pp: posterior process, psp: posterior process of the solenomere, P: promere. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 8 a – f. Megaphyllum cygniforme. (8 a) Gonopods, caudal view, male from near Sostis, Papikio Mts, Greece. Male individual from near Kechrokambos, Lekanis Mts, Greece: (8 b) right gonopods, mesal view; (8 c) right promere, mesoposterior view; (8 d) right opisthomere, mesal view; penis, (8 e) posterior and (8 f) right lateral views. Abbreviations: asp: anterior process of the solenomere, fl: flagellum, ph: posterior hump, pp: posterior process, psp: posterior process of the solenomere, P: promere. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 3 a – f. Megaphyllum metsovoni male from Eptolofos, Parnassos Mts, Greece. (3 a) Gonopods, posterior view; (3 b) right gonopods, mesal view; (3 c) left promere, meso-posterior view; (3 d) left opisthomere, lateral view; penis, (3 e) posterior and (3 f) right lateral views. Abbreviations: ap: anterior process, asp: anterior process of the solenomere, pp: posterior process, psp: posterior process of the solenomere, P: promere. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 9 a – g. Megaphyllum dentatum males and a female from Ljuboten, Serbia, Inv. No. 8018: (9 a) gonopods, posterior view; (9 b) right gonopods, mesal view; (9 c) right promere, meso-posterior view; (9 d) right opisthomere, lateral view; penis, (9 e) posterior and (9 f) left lateral views; (9 g) right vulva, anterior view (setae omitted). Abbreviations: asp: anterior process of the solenomere, ca: central ampulla, ct: connecting tube; pa: posterior ampulla, ph: posterior hump, pp: posterior process, pr: protrusion, psp: posterior process of the solenomere, sl: serrated lobe, P: promere. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 1 a – e. Schematic opisthomere drawings (right opisthomeres, lateral view). (1 a) Generalized scheme for all Megaphyllum sensu stricto. (1 b) Scheme for the M. projectum species group. (1 c) Scheme for the M. austriacum species group. (1 d) Scheme for the M. transsylvanicum species group. (1 e) Scheme for the M. unilineatum species group. Abbreviations: ah: anterior hump, ap: anterior process, asp: anterior process of the solenomere, ph: posterior hump, pp: posterior process, psp: posterior process of the solenomere.

FIGURES 2 a – f. Megaphyllum erythronotum male from Sfânta Elena, Banat, Romania. (2 a) Gonopods, posterior view; (2 b) left gonopods, mesal view; (2 c) right promere, meso-posterior view; (2 d) right opisthomere, lateral view; penis, (2 e) posterior and (2 f) left lateral views. Abbreviations: asp: anterior process of the solenomere, pp: posterior process, psp: posterior process of the solenomere, P: promere. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.