Girdia agilis, Künstler, 1882

Lyu, Zhangxia, Cheng, Jiaoni, Shao, Jingru, Ye, Qingqing, Bai, Huixian & Wen, Jianfan, 2020, An investigation of the prevalence of Giardia agilis in anuran amphibians from fourteen areas in China, International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 12, pp. 46-52 : 48

3.2. Prevalence of G. agilis in 25 di ff erent anuran amphibian species

We investigated 25 anuran amphibian species in total. We investigated only adults in 19 species, only tadpoles in one species and both tadpoles and adults in five species. 195 of all the 463 (42.1%) investigated samples were tested to be positive for G. agilis using both morphological and molecular analysis. And the 195 positive samples were from nine species. The statistical prevalence of G. agilis in all these positive host species are shown in Table 1. Tadpole samples of all the six species were found to be positive. The 16 negative anuran amphibian species and tested samples were shown in Table 2, all negative samples were from adults. Though 16 species were tested to be negative, the prevalence of G. agilis in positive frog species showed no significant difference. The prevalence in the tadpoles of the six species was also not significantly different. In the five species samples with both adults and tadpoles, we found that the prevalence between adults and their tadpoles among each frog species were significantly different, and the total prevalence between the all adults and their tadpoles were also significantly different ( Table 3). Furthermore, in Xihuanyuan lake of Kunming (102.7̊E, 25.0̊N), we collected and tested G. agilis in different developmental stages of Kaloula verrucosa tadpoles, and found that the prevalence are as follows: tadpoles without legs (Gosner stages 26–30) – 86.4%; tadpoles with two legs (Gosner stages 31–40) – 100% and tadpoles with four legs (Gosner stages 41–46) – 0% ( Table 4). The prevalence of G. agilis in different developmental stages of Kaloula verrucosa tadpoles from same area showed no significant differences between tadpoles without legs (Gosner stages 26–30) and tadpoles with two legs (Gosner stages 31–40), but the prevalence in both of them are significantly higher than the prevalence in tadpoles with four legs (Gosner stages 41–46), which was higher than adults.