Acanthaleyrodes

Dubey, Anil Kumar, Singh, Sudhir & Martin, Jon H., 2014, Acanthaleyrodes elevatus sp. n. (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) from India, with key to species and discussion of tuberculate setae, Zootaxa 3881 (1), pp. 33-48 : 35

Acanthaleyrodes Tak ahashi

Acanthaleyrodes Takahashi, 1931: 220 . Type species: Acanthaleyrodes callicarpae Takahashi , by monotypy.

Diagnosis (redefined): Puparium pale or brown, oval or elliptical, without secretion of wax, submarginal area not separated from dorsal disc, subdorsal area with wavy corrugations. Margin crenulate, usually modified at tracheal pore openings; submargin with many lines. Dorsum with long tuberculate setae; cephalic, first abdominal, eighth abdominal, caudal setae, anterior and posterior marginal setae and ventral abdominal setae present. Longitudinal moulting suture reaching margin and transverse moulting suture reaching submedian area. Median tubercles present or absent. Submedian papillae along the segment sutures may be present. Vasiform orifice subcordate, placed on an elevated protuberance. Operculum nearly filling the orifice, tip of lingula exposed. Thoracic tracheal furrows absent. Caudal furrow indistinct ( Fig. 7 ) or present ( Figs 27 & 44 ). Median length of abdominal segment VII shorter than VI. Geminate pores present. Caudal and thoracic tracheal folds present, filled with stipples. Spiracles present.

Remarks: The puparia of Acanthaleyrodes superficially resemble those of Tuberaleyrodes Takahashi in having tuberculate setae and the placement of the dorsal setae on the elevated cuticle. During development the dorsal cuticle at the point of insertion of the dorsal setae which are fixed on elevated sockets, gradually tapers towards the apex and forms “tuberculate setae” ( Fig. 10 ). Acanthaleyrodes is similar to Tuberaleyrodes but differs in having the vasiform orifice placed on a prominent protuberance. Sometimes this elevation is longer than the distance between the base of orifice and the puparial caudal margin ( Figs 1 , 8 , 23, 24 ), and the caudal furrow does not connect the posterior end of the orifice and the puparial caudal margin. In Tuberaleyrodes , the vasiform orifice is not placed on elevated protuberance, and the caudal furrow connects the posterior end of orifice with the puparial caudal opening. Possibly that was the reason for Martin & Mound (2007) to transfer Dialeurodes spiniferosa Corbett to Tuberaleyrodes , this species having been placed earlier in Acanthaleyrodes by Mound & Halsey (1978).

Figures

FIGURES 7 – 14. SEM microphotographs, Acanthaleyrodes elevatus sp. n., India. 7, puparium, dorsal view. 8, puparium, posterior abdominal area, lateral view showing position of vasiform orifice and setae on elevated tergite. 9, median area of abdominal segments and sculptures. 10, tuberculate seta, showing placement of seta on apex of elevated dorsal cuticle. 11, vasiform orifice on elevated tubular process, dorsal view. 12, vasiform orifice and operculum, enlarged view. 13, eighth abdominal setae, lingula and microtrichea on inner surface of uplifted operculum. 14, geminate pore on abdominal segment. Digits 1 – 8 indicating subdorsal setae. ABS 1 & ABS 8 — first and eighth abdominal setae, respectively, CES—cephalic seta, GP—geminate pore, L—lingula, OP—operculum, VO—vasiform orifice, MT—microtrichea.

FIGURES 27 – 34. Microphotographs, Acanthaleyrodes styraci, Hong Kong. 27, puparium, dorsal and ventral views. 28, abdominal segments. 29, cephalothorax. 30, thoracic tracheal pore. 31, caudal tracheal pore. 32, median tubercles on abdominal segments. 33, submedian tubercles along bases of tuberculate setae on abdominal area. 34, vasiform orifice.

FIGURES 44 – 49. Microphotographs, Acanthaleyrodes callicarpae, Taiwan. 44, puparium (NTU, Taiwan). 45, lectotype puparium (TARI), designated by A. K. Dubey & S. P. Chen. 46, same, median abdominal area. 47, lectotype puparium marked in circle. 48, lectotype puparium, posterior abdominal area and vasiform orifice. 49, TARI slide bearing lectotype and paralectotypes. (TARI—Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taiwan).

FIGURES 1 – 6. Acanthaleyrodes elevatus sp. n., holotype puparium, India (Kerala). 1, dorsal and ventral views. 2, tuberculate seta. 3, vasiform orifice. 4, vasiform orifice with elevated dorsal cuticle of eighth abdominal segment. 5, median abdominal area. 6, legs, antennae, adhesive sacs and spiracles.

FIGURES 20 – 26. Microphotographs, Acanthaleyrodes elevatus sp. n., India. 20, puparium, habitus on B. retusa. 21, puparium from which adult is emerging through cephalothoracic opening. 22, third instar, habitus showing elevated eighth abdominal setae and vasiform orifice. 23, holotype puparium, showing distribution of dorsal tuberculate setae. 24, paratype puparium, posterior abdominal area showing elevated vasiform orifice. 25, abdominal segment’s sutures, median area. 26, legs and antennae. A—antenna, PL—prothoracic leg, MSL-mesothoracic leg, MTL—metathoracic leg.