Glyphidrilus peninsularis Chanabun & Panha, 2012

Chanabun, Ratmanee, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros, Tan, Shau-Hwai Aileen & Panha, Somsak, 2012, Three new species of semi-aquatic freshwater earthworms of the genus Glyphidrilus Horst, 1889 from Malaysia (Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae), Zootaxa 3458, pp. 120-132 : 129-130

Glyphidrilus peninsularis Chanabun & Panha , sp. n.

( Figs 1, 2C, 5, Table 1)

Type material. Holotype: One clitellate ( CUMZ 3279 ) ( Fig. 5), Sungei Bantang, Johor, Malaysia, 99 meters in elevation, S. Panha, R. Chanabun, P. Tongkerd and C. Sutcharit leg., 21 May 2011. 32 clitellates and 12 aclitellates as paratypes ( CUMZ 3280 ), 3 clitellates ( ZMH 14576), 3 clitellates (NHM), same collection data as for holotype.

Other material. 45 clitellates and 11 aclitellates ( CUMZ 3281 ), Gua Pulai , Kelantan, Malaysia, 04°74'36.3'N, 101°56'31.8"E, 119 m asl, 26 May 2011 . 40 clitellates and 24 aclitellates ( CUMZ 3282 ), Kebun Bunka , Penang, Malaysia, 05°26'21.7''N, 100°17'22.5"E, 74 m asl, 19 May 2011 .

Type locality. River banks of Sungei Bantang, Johor, Malaysia, 02°19'50.5''N, 103°09'45.1"E, 99 m asl .

Etymology. This new species was named peninsularis because of its wide distribution throughout the Malay Peninsula.

Diagnosis. Small sized limicolous earthworm with distinct expanded tissues of wings in 22, 23–28, ½29, 29. Clitellum in 17, 18–31, 32. Female pores, male pores and spermathecal pores not visible. Genital markings: midventral unpaired in 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 and 31, 32, lateral paired or asymmetrical on bc in 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20, 21, 22 and 29, 30. Four pairs of hearts in 8–11. Four pairs of seminal vesicles in 9–12, with the pair in segment 12 largest. Intestinal origin in 14. Ovaries in 13–14. Prostate and accessory glands absent. Four spermathecae in each of 14/15–17/18.

Description of holotype. Dimensions: body length 87 mm, diameter 1.1 mm in segment 8, 2.5 mm before the clitellar wings in segment 22, 2.2 mm after wings in segment 30 in clitellar region; body cylindrical in anterior part, quadrangular in transverse section-behind clitellum. 228 segments. Body colour pale brown with variations from red to pink at adjacent tissues of wing portion in different individuals of newly collected specimens. At posterior end dorsal surface considerably broader than the ventral. Clitellar wings on ventro-lateral part of clitellum in 23–29, 2.1 mm long, about 0.5 mm wide on both sides. Prostomium zygolobous. Dorsal pores absent. Clitellum annular in 18–32. Four pairs of setae per segment from 2, setal formula aa:ab:bc:cd:dd = 0.9:0.5:1.0:0.6:1.6 in segment 8. Female pores, male pores and spermathecal pores not visible. Genital markings: paired or asymmetrical on bc in 15, 22, median unpaired on aa in 19 and 31, 32.

Septa 5/6–7/8 thicker, 8/9–12/13 thick and 13/14 to the last segment thin. Gizzard small, globular within 7–8. Intestine enlarged from 14. Dorsal blood vessel anterior to 8. Hearts from 8–11. No nephridia distinguishable in the first eleven segments. Four pairs of seminal vesicles in 9–12, with the pair in segment 12 larger than the others. Ovaries in 13–14. Prostate and accessory glands absent. Spermathecae in 14/15–17/18, a pair on each side per segment.

Variation. Body length of type and non-type material 49–94 mm (73.79±31.81), with 206–281 segments. Wings in 22, 23–28, ½29, 29 (covering 6–8 segments), with clitellum in 17, 18–31, 32 (covering 14–16 segments). Genital markings: midventral unpaired in 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 and 31, 32, lateral paired or asymmetrical on bc in 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20, 21, 22 and 29, 30.

Habitat. Found on the shore but in proximity to the river water, in the loamy sand topsoil with 70.83% sand, 23% silt, 4.1% clay, with pH 7.48 from Sungei Bantang, Johor, Malaysia. In the river banks, in the silt topsoil with 93% silt, 7% clay, with pH 8.01 of Gua Pulai, Kelantan, Malaysia. In the sand topsoil 87.50% sand, 8.33% silt, 4.16% clay, with pH 7.61, from Kebun Bunka, Penang, Malaysia and also under the water at about 10–20 cm in depth. Worm casts were abundant along the river banks at all sites.

Distribution. The new species is known from the type locality, Sungei Bantang, Johor, river banks of Gua Pulai, Kelantan, and muddy swamp in Kebun Bunka, Penang, Malaysia.

Remarks. Glyphidrilus peninsularis sp. n. is different from other species in the following (see also Table 1):

G. kukenthali from Sarawak has wings in 18, ½18, 19–24, ½24, longer clitellum in ½13–34, hearts in 7–11, and spermathecae in 14–18.

G. malayanus from Malay Peninsula has shorter wings in 17, ¾18, 18–⅓21, ⅓22, 22, shorter clitellum in 15–25, 26, and spermathecae in 14/15–16/17.

G. weberi from Java, Sumatra, Celebes, and Flores has longer wings in 23–½32, clitellum in 16–32, and spermathecae in 13/14–17/18.

G. quadrangulus from Sumatra has wings in 19, 20–25, and spermathecae in 13/14, 14/15–15/16, 16/17.

G. jacobsoni from Sumatra has wings in 21–26, clitellum in 18–30, and spermathecae in 12/13–16/17.

G. horsti from Pulau Berhala, Straits of Malacca, has shorter wings in ½23, 23–27, 28, clitellum in 17, 18, ½18, 19–28, 29, 30, ½31, and spermathecae in 14–17.

G. gatesi reported from Johor, Malaysia, has wings in 18, ½19, 19–½24, 24, shorter clitellum in ½17, 17, 18–25, ½26, 26, intestinal origin in 18, and spermathecae in 15–17.

G. singaporensis reported from Bukit Timah, Singapore, has shorter wings in 21–25, ½26, 26, clitellum in 18, 19–27, ½28, 29, 31, intestinal origin in 15, and spermathecae in 14–17.

G. vangviengensis reported from the river banks of Song River at Vangvieng, Laos, has wings in 24, 25–31, 32, longer clitellum in 19, 20–35, 36, 37, and no spermathecae.

G. kotatinggi sp. n. from Kota Tinggi waterfall, has shorter wings and clitellum, three pairs of hearts, and spermathecae in 13/14–16/17.

G. bisegmentus sp. n. from Air Banun Pandig, Perak, has shorter wings and shorter clitellum, and genital markings and spermathecae afre absent.

Material of other species examined for comparison. Glyphidrilus kukenthali Michaelsen, 1896: 195 , pl. 13, Fig. 1; type locality: Borneo, Barem River, Sarawak. Glyphidrilus malayanus Michaelsen, 1902: 35 ; one clitellate (syntype ZMH V 5875); type locality: Malay Peninsula, Lubock Paku, Pahang River. Glyphidrilus weberi Horst, 1889: 77 ; 3 clitellates (syntype ZMH V 5097); type locality: Java: Buitenzorg, in humid soil, Sumatra: Manindjan and lake of Singkarah, Flores: Kotting, Celebes: Luwu. Annadrilus quadrangulus Horst, 1892: 44 ; type locality: Lake Danau diatas (near Alahan Pandjang), Sumatra. Glyphidrilus jacobsoni Michaelsen, 1922: 10 ; one clitellate and 1 aclitellate (syntype ZMH V 9293), type locality: Sumatra, Korintji, Soengai Koembang. Glyphidrilus horsti Stephenson, 1930: 4 ; type locality: Pulau Berhala, Straits of Malacca. Glyphidrilus gatesi Shen & Yeo, 2005: 16 , Fig. 1; one clitellate (holotype ZRC 1974.12.2.51) and 9 clitellates and 2 aclitellates (paratypes ZRC 1974.12.2.52–62); type locality: Sungei Kayu, swamp forest near River Sedili, Johor, Malaysia. Glyphidrilus singaporensis Shen & Yeo, 2005: 18 , Fig. 3; one clitellate (holotype ZRC) and 2 clitellates and 9 aclitellates (paratypes ZRC) and 10 clitellates and 9 aclitellates (topotypes CUMZ 3273); type locality: Jungle Fall Valley, Bukit Timah, Singapore. Glyphidrilus vangviengensis Panha & Chanabun, 2011: 216 , Figs. 1–3; one clitellate (holotype CUMZ 3221) and 10 clitellates (paratypes CUMZ 3222); type locality: river banks of Song River at Vangvieng, Veintiane Province, Laos.