Eumenes rufomaculatus Fox, 1899

Grandinete, Yuri Campanholo, Noll, Fernando Barbosa & Carpenter, James, 2018, Taxonomic Review of Eumenes Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae) from the New World, Zootaxa 4459 (1), pp. 1-52 : 36-37

Eumenes rufomaculatus Fox, 1899

Eumenes rufomaculata Fox, 1899, 1899: 457 , 461.

Type data: Lectotype and paralectotype female at CMNH (examined).

Type locality: Corumbá , Brazil.

Dalla Torre, 1904, 19: 24.

Brèthes, 1906, 6 (13): 336, fig. 18.

Bertoni, 1918, (2) 3: 206.

Eumenes rufomaculatus ; Giordani Soika, 1961, 1: 241.

Rodríguez-Palafox, 1996: 479.

Hermes et al., 2014, 30: 455, 459, 462, 469.

Eumenes (Zeteumenoides) rufomaculatus ; Carpenter and van der Vecht, 1991, 60: 211, 232 (designation of lectotype). Eumenes colombianus Zavattari, 1912 , 78A (4): 130.

Type data: Type male at ZMHB.

Type locality: Colombia.

Giordani Soika, 1961, 1: 241.

Zeteumenes rufomaculata ; Bertoni, 1921, 1: 11.

Zetamenes [!] rufomaculata meridionalis Bertoni, 1925 , 2: 75.

Type data: Type female and male at IBNPY.

Type locality: Paraguay ( Puerto Bertoni ).

Giordani Soika, 1978, 29: 41.

Zeteumenes (Beteumenes) rufomaculata ; Bertoni, 1934, 3: 111, 115.

Zeteumenes (Beteumenes) rufomaculata meridionalis ; Bertoni, 1934, 3: 111, (ruformaculada [!]) 115.

Zeteumenoides rufomaculatus ; Giordani Soika, 1972, 104: 110.

Eumenes versicolor rufomaculatus ; Giordani Soika, 1978, 29: 17 (key), 41.

Distribution: Argentina (Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Misiones); Brazil (DF, MS*; RJ*; SC*, SP*); Bolivia (Santa Cruz); Colombia * (Arauca, Bogotá); Costa Rica (San José); Mexico * (Guerrero, Yucatan); Paraguay (Distrito Capital*, San Pedro); Trinidad * (Tanapuna-Piarco).

* Records from the literature.

Comments and diagnosis. Eumenes rufomaculatus can be identified by the following features: body predominantly ferrugineous; clypeus slightly wider and shorter than E. filiformis with weak but evident punctation homogeneously distributed (fig. 75); humeral region more projecting than E. filiformis . T1 very long and narrow; apical region from the ventral surface of T1 ventrally projecting. Digitus broad on basal half, becoming narrow towards apex (fig. 124), with the dorsal edge weakly angled (not strongly as in E. filiformis ). Digitus with short bristles along the dorsal edge, while on the broad region there are no evident bristles.

Redescription Eumenes rufomaculatus Fox, 1899 ( Fig. 25 )

Female. Color, head: Black, except for yellow-ferrugineous marks as follows: two-third apical region of mandibles; labrum; clypeus (except for a dark sport on center); scape, pedicel and mostly F8–F10. A narrow band on upper half of gena, adjacent to the compound eye. Mesosoma: Ferrugineous, with black marks as follows: mesoscutum (with two wide ferrugineous spots on each side of it); narrow transverse stripe on apical edge of metanotum; broad longitudinal stripe on posterior face of the propodeum; entirely mesepimeron and anterior region from the lateral face of the propodeum. Parategula and metanotum with yellow marks. Legs yellowferrugineous, with black marks as follows: coxa, trochanter and basal half of fore leg; trochanter and inner surface of mid legs; inner half of coxa, trochanter and entirely femur of hind legs. The external surface of the mid and hind tarsi is also slightly blackish. Metasoma: dorsal and ventral surface of T1 black with lateral surface ferrugineous. Dorsal surface of T2 with a blackish broad longitudinal stripe while lateral surface is reddish-ferrugineous with some blackish stripes. Apex border, including lamella, yellow. This color pattern of T2 also occurs for S2. Apical half of T3–T6 and S3–S6 yellow. Wings: hyaline, except for costal medial and submedial cells darkened. Pterostigma and veins black.

Pubescence, head: Clypeus with short whitish (better observed in oblique view) pubescence. Frons, vertex and occipital region with long and golden pubescence, while on gena it is short (shorter than on clypeus). Scape with golden pubescence as short as on clypeus. Mesosoma: pronotum, mesoscutum, scutellum and metanotum with long golden pubescence (slightly shorter on pronotum and mesoscutum). Mesepisternum and posterior and lateral face of propodeum with whitish pubescence, longer on the latter region. Trochanter and basal half of femur of the fore leg with erect golden bristles. External surface of tibiae also with golden and erect bristles. Metasoma: Covered with golden pubescence. Short pubescence on dorsal face of T1 and other segments. Ventral surface of T1 with scattered long bristles. Apex of the other segments with long bristles.

Surface of integument, head: Weak but evident punctation homogeneously distributed. Frons with coarse and moderately dense punctation; reduced punctation behind the ocelli and on gena. Mesosoma: Covered with coarse and moderately dense punctation as on frons, except on basal half of mesepisternum where it is sparser.

Metasoma: Dorsal surface of T1 with coarser and moderately dense punctation, becoming denser on apex. Lateral surface of T1 with scattered punctures, while ventral surface without evident punctation. Dorsal surface of T2 with coarse and dense punctation, becoming slightly weaker and sparser towards lateral surface. T3–T6 and S2–S6 without evident punctation.

Structure, head: Apex of labrum straight; clypeus convex, longer than wide, with the apex concave forming two rounded projections with weak carinae on apex ( Fig. 75 ); inter-antennal area wider than the antennal socket, with a central tubercle; lateral ocelli closer to the compound eye than to each other; occipital carina angled on middle region of gena and close to the compound eyes next to the mandible. Mesosoma: pronotal fovea present; pronotal present dorsally and and more developed laterally; humeral region weakly projecting; mesepimeron slightly elevated regarding the mesepisternum; posterior projection of tegula weakle developed and rounded; parategula lamelliform; posterior face of propodeum strongly concave on basal half. Basal region of the external surface of fore coxa with a short and weak carina. Metasoma: T1 very long, more than five times longer than wide ( Fig. 41 ); T2 longer than wide, with the lateral margins weakly concave ( Fig. 57 ); apical lamella on apex of T2, becoming reduced towards lateral margins. Apical region of T2 (in lateral view) slightly elevated; S2 with a weak longitudinal elevation, better observed in oblique view.

Male: Clypeus narrower than females; F11 long, without longitudinal carina, apex pointed and surpassing the apical edge of F8, and without microscopic erect bristles on ventral surface ( Fig. 91 ). S7 flattened apically with erect bristles on apex. Color, pubescence, surface of integument and other structure as in females.

Male genitalia: Aedeagus as in figure 107a, b. Paramere ( Fig. 107c ) with long bristles on middle region of gonostyle; digitus flat dorso-ventrally, broad on basal half, becoming narrow towards apex (fig. 124), with the dorsal edge weakly angled. Short bristles along the dorsal edge of digitus, while on the broad region there is no evident bristles. Cuspis with erect short bristles; distal lobe truncate, without bristles.

Variation: Clypeus yellowish, sometimes with wide black spot on center. Marks on metasoma and mesoscutum may vary in size and may present some yellow marks mostly on the pronotum and propodeum. Some specimens, mostly from Mexico, showed a strong sinuosity on the dorsal surface of T2, although in the same locality we examined specimens with weak sinuosity. Males of these specimens had their genitalia examined and no significant differences were observed from those in other localities.

Type material: Lectotype ♀: Eumenes rufomaculata Fox, 1899 ( CMNH): ‘April’ ‘Corumbá’ ‘lowland’ ‘ Eumenes \ rufomaculata \ Types Fox’ ‘ LECTOTYPE ♀ \ Eumenes \ rufomaculata Fox, 1899 \ des. Carpenter & Vecht’. Paralectotype ♀: Eumenes rufomaculata Fox, 1899 ( CMNH): ‘April’ ‘Pedra Branca’ ‘ Eumenes \ filiformis var. \ rufomaculatus \ cotype ♀ Fox’ ‘ rufomaculatus \ Fx’ ‘ PARALECTOTYPE ♀ \ Eumenes \ rufomaculata Fox, 1899 \ des. Carpenter & Vecht’.

Figures

FIGURES 13–26. Eumenes species, lateral view. 13) E. cubensis Cresson, 1865 (female); 14) E. flavitinctus Bohart, 1950 (Holotype, female); 15) E. fervens Say, 1824 (Lectotype, female); 16) E. pictus (Smith, 1857) (female); 17) E. sculleni Bohart, 1950 (Holotype, male); 18) E. smithii de Saussure, 1852 (female); 19) E. belfragei Cresson, 1872 (Lectotype, female); 20) E. verticalis Say, 1824 (female); 21) Eumenes verticalis coloradensis Cresson, 1875 (lectotype, female); 22) E. verticalis neoboreus Bequaert, 1944 (Holotype, male); 23) E. verticalis tricinctus Isely, 1917 (Holotype, female); 24) E. filiformis de Saussure, 1855 (famele); 25) E. rufomaculata Fox, 1899 (Lectotype, female); 26) Eumenes versicolor de Saussure, 1852 (Lectotype, female). Scale bar = 1mm.

FIGURES 66–76. Clypeus. 66) Eumenes americanus (female); 67) E. smithii (female); 68) E. crucifera (female); 69) E. crucifera (male); 70) E. verticalis (female); 71) E. fraternus (female); 72) E. fraternus (male); 73) E. sculleni (female); 74) E. filiformis (female); 75) E. rufomaculatus (female); 76) E. versicolor (female). Scale bar = 1mm.

FIGURES 27–42. First tergum, dorsal view. 27) Eumenes americanus; 28) E. bequaerti; 29) E. bollii; 30) E. consobrinus; 31) E. coyotae; 32) E. crucifera; 33) E. cubensis; 34) E. flavitinctus; 35) E. fraternus; 36) E. pictus; 37) E. sculleni; 38) E. smithii; 39) E. verticalis; 40) E. filiformis; 41) E. rufomaculactus; 42) E. versicolor. Scale bar = 1mm.

FIGURES 43–58. Second tergum, dorsal view. 43) Eumenes americanus; 44) E. bequaerti; 45) E. bollii; 46) E. consobrinus; 47) E. coyotae; 48) E. crucifera; 49) E. cubensis; 50) E. flavitinctus; 51) E. fraternus; 52) E. pictus; 53) E. sculleni; 54) E. smithii; 55) E. verticalis; 56) E. filiformis; 57) E. rufomaculactus; 58) E. versicolor. Scale bar = 1mm.

FIGURES 77–92. First tergum, dorsal view. 77) Eumenes americanus; 78) E. bequaerti; 79) E. bollii; 80) E. consobrinus; 81) E. coyotae; 82) E. crucifera; 83) E. cubensis; 84) E. flavitinctus; 85) E. fraternus; 86) E. pictus; 87) E. sculleni; 88) E. smithii; 89) E. verticalis; 90) E. filiformis; 91) E. rufomaculactus; 92) E. versicolor. Scale bar = 1mm.

FIGURES 102–109. Male genitalia: a, b) aedeagus (lateral and ventral view, respectively); c) paramere, internal view. 102) E. pictus; 103) E. sculleni; 104) E. smithii; 105) E. verticalis; 106) E. filiformis; 107) E. rufomaculatus; 108) E. versicolor; 109) General scheme of the apical projection of the aedeagus: a) weakly concave/truncate; b) strongly concave. Scale bar = 1mm.